Biomedical Laboratory techniques

• Anatomy and physiology of cardiovascular system • Arterial hypertension: pathophysiology and therapy • Clinical presentation and diagnostic classification of chest pain • Ischemic heart disease: definition, classification, pathophysiology and therapy • Clinical presentation and diagnostic of dyspnoea • Heart failure: definition, classification, pathophysiology and therapy • Principles and interpretation of conventional electrocardiography • Main alterations of the heart rhythm: bradycardias and tachycardias

The course Techniques in Biomedical Laboratory – Cardiovascular Diseases - provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis and tretamtn of main cardiovascular diseases. Through lectures and the discussion of clinical cases, students will explore the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies of major cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. The course also aims to develop specific nursing skills for the care of patients with cardiovascular conditions, with a focus on the interpretation of electrocardiograms and the clinical management of cardiac rhythm disorders. Learning Outcomes: The course aims to provide students with the knowledge and skills required to identify, assess, and appropriately care for patients with cardiovascular diseases, promoting an integrated and critical approach to diagnostic, therapeutic, and nursing processes. Prerequisites: A basic knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, particularly of the cardiovascular system, is required for a full understanding of the course content. Fundamental notions of general pathology and basic pharmacology are also recommended to support the comprehension of the pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of the main cardiovascular diseases.

Volpe M. Manuale di Cardiologia. Edizioni SEU.

The lectures will be delivered in person, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. There will be three sessions of two hours each, for a total of 6 hours of classroom teaching. All teaching materials will be made available to students through the sharing of a dedicated folder on the Google Drive platform, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. Within this folder, all presentations, some presentations with the instructor’s audio commentary, and any additional teaching materials (such as original scientific articles, systematic literature reviews, clinical cases, etc.) will be made available to support the study of the topics covered during the lectures.

The lectures will be delivered in person, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. There will be three sessions of two hours each, for a total of 6 hours of classroom teaching. All teaching materials will be made available to students through the sharing of a dedicated folder on the Google Drive platform, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. Within this folder, all presentations, some presentations with the instructor’s audio commentary, and any additional teaching materials (such as original scientific articles, systematic literature reviews, clinical cases, etc.) will be made available to support the study of the topics covered during the lectures.

Oral exam with interactive discussion and critical analysis of exemplary clinical cases. The student’s evaluation will be expressed with a grade on a scale of 30 points.

Guidelines and clinical recommendations: 1. Mancia Chairperson G, Kreutz Co-Chair R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension Endorsed by the European Renal Association (ERA) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). J Hypertens. 2023 2. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912-4018 3. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13–115. 4. Volpe M, Rosei EA, Ambrosioni E, Cottone S, Cuspidi C, Borghi C, et al. 2012 consensus document of the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA): strategies to improve blood pressure control in Italy: from global cardiovascular risk stratification to combination therapy. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2013;20(1):45–52. 5. François Mach, Colin Baigent, Alberico L Catapano, Konstantinos C Koskinas, Manuela Casula, Lina Badimon, M John Chapman, Guy G De Backer, Victoria Delgado, Brian A Ference, Ian M Graham, Alison Halliday, Ulf Landmesser, Borislava Mihaylova, Terje R Pedersen, Gabriele Riccardi, Dimitrios J Richter, Marc S Sabatine, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale Tokgozoglu, Olov Wiklund, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020 Jan 1;41(1):111-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455. 6. Authors/Task Force Members; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2019 Nov;290:140-205. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014.Epub 2019 Aug 31. 7. Alberico L Catapano, Ian Graham, Guy De Backer, Olov Wiklund, M John Chapman, Heinz Drexel, Arno W Hoes, Catriona S Jennings, Ulf Landmesser, Terje R Pedersen, Željko Reiner, Gabriele Riccardi, Marja-Riita Taskinen, Lale Tokgozoglu, W M Monique Verschuren, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, David A Wood, Jose Luis Zamorano. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Atherosclerosis. 2016 Oct;253:281-344.doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.018. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

The lectures will be delivered in person, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. There will be three sessions of two hours each, for a total of 6 hours of classroom teaching. All teaching materials will be made available to students through the sharing of a dedicated folder on the Google Drive platform, with access restricted to users recognized by Sapienza University of Rome. Within this folder, all presentations, some presentations with the instructor’s audio commentary, and any additional teaching materials (such as original scientific articles, systematic literature reviews, clinical cases, etc.) will be made available to support the study of the topics covered during the lectures.