| 1023365 | RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY [CHIM/03] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry course aims to teach the student the various types of radiopharmaceuticals most widely used in the field of nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The further aim of the course is the teaching of the various methods of synthesis of a radionuclide, the realization of a radiopharmaceutical through different marking processes, the learning of the mechanism of biodistribution and location of the radiopharmaceutical in the body, the techniques used for the detection of the radiations emitted during the various radioactive decays, the interactions between radiations and organic molecules and a general knowledge of the legislative landscape related to the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals on the market.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will be aware of all the aspects described above regarding the production (synthesis and marking methods) of the main radiopharmaceuticals used for the osteoarticular apparatus, for the pulmonary apparatus, for the gastrointestinal apparatus, for the urinary tract and for the central nervous system.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the importance of using a radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. Will recognize the mechanisms that bind the detection system of a radiation emitted by a radiopharmaceutical with the identification of an ongoing pathological process either of inflammatory origin or inherent in the presence of a tumor form. Will know how to discriminate between radiopharmaceuticals on the market, those to be used for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. He will know the advantages and the possible risks connected to the use of a radiopharmaceutical.
3. Making judgements
The lessons will be all frontal and interactive, during which the students will be stimulated to make connections with the various parts of the program and with the concepts previously acquired during other lessons of previous years. This in order to collectively involve the class in an active and critical way throughout the duration of the course.
4. Communication skills
The assessment of the learned concepts of the student will be carried out through a written test and possibly an oral exam that will focus on all the topics of the program, testing the student's communication skills with respect to what he has learned.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to independently continue the study of the matter thanks to a series of handouts provided by the teacher and recommended textbooks for further study. All this will allow the student to always have available the material on which to review the topics covered.
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| 1023429 | ADVANCED SEPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [CHIM/06] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
This course is mainly designed to provide a deeper insight into advanced chromatographic and spectrometric techniques presented during the course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry.
Chromatographic techniques allow the qualitative and quantitative determination of complex mixtures, obtained both from synthetic processes and from extractive processes from vegetable drugs and environmental matrices. For these reasons, such techniques play a fundamental role for a future employment in the field of regulatory affairs and healthcare industries.
The student will experience the most modern techniques for the separation of complex mixtures (HPLC, UHPLC, HILIC) and the basic concepts of the coupling between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
Specific expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student has a thorough and advanced knowledge of the chromatographic and spectroscopic methods already presented in the course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry. He knows the most modern techniques for the separation of complex mixtures (HPLC, UHPLC, HILIC) and the basic concepts of the coupling between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student knows the most widely used chromatographic materials, the theoretical principles and the most innovative chiral stationary phases for the analysis of chiral drugs; he is familiar with the concept of the inversion of the elution order of enantiomers. He knows some of the most recent applications in the field of proteomics (monolithic capillary column approach) and of stereoselective molecular recognition in the gas phase.
Making judgements
At the end of the course the student is able to decide independently which analytical method is more useful to solve a particular trouble that he could meet in the working field, from the characterization of new active ingredients of therapeutic interest to the production and quality control of the drug.
Communication skills
At the end of the course the student has the ability to communicate outward the knowledge he has learned during the course, both toward the scientific community and the labor market. In particular, he must be able to provide clear and direct information on the most modern chromatographic techniques and their applications in the field of drugs.
Learning skills
The student who has passed the exam is able to continue the study by reading the most recent articles published in the literature that the teacher makes available to him on the e-learning platform.
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| 1023339 | ANALYSIS OF DRUGS AND DRUGS METHABOLITES IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS [CHIM/08] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The general objective of the course is to grant the students the ability of correctly understand and describe an analytical problem, focusing in details on the design, development, optimization, validation and application of laboratory procedures for the analysis of drugs and metabolites in different biological fluids.
To successfully grant the above, it is mandatory: (i) to outline the main objectives of the pharmaco-toxicological analyses; (ii) to present the main biophysico-chemical features of both the analytical targets (drugs and/or their metabolites) and the analytical matrices (the different biological fluids); (iii) to ensure the knowledge of the main analytical procedures (instrumental and pre-instrumental) for the quali-quantitative analysis and the pharmaco-toxicological characterization of drugs and metabolites, from the identification of the analytical problem and the related sampling procedures, to the processing, interpretation and communication of the results.
The course also supplies information on the rules of the so called “scientific communication”, with specific attention given to the preparation and editing of internal laboratory procedures, scientific manuscripts (both research and review articles), conference communications (either oral and poster format) and the submission and reporting of research grants.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1 Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the students will have acquired the basic know-how to understand the correct and most appropriate methodologies for the design, development, optimization, validation and application of analytical procedures for the analysis of drus and metabolites in biological fluids, taking into account (i) the specific aims and scope of the analytical investigation; (ii) the available biological matrix; and (iii) the most common instrumental techniques. The above will also be based on the access to databases and reference scientific literature.
2 Applying knowledge and understanding
The students will be able to design, develop, optimize, validate and apply analytical procedures – either newly realized and/or adapted from existing ones – for the analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids. This will be accomplished taking into account the different, specific objectives of the analytical investigation (pre-clinical and clinical pharmaceutical research; therapeutic drug monitoring; clinical pharmaco-toxicology; emergency toxicology; forensic toxicology), at the same time critically evaluating the biophysico-chemical properties of the target compounds, and selecting the most appropriate biological matrices and instrumental analysis techniques.
3 Making judgements
The organization of the frontal lessons, highly interactive, paralleled by numerous practical exercises and simulations of case studies regularly presented during the course, will allow the students, once they will have acquired the basic knowledge of the subject, to critically pre-evaluate and propose the most appropriate analytical strategies to solve real problems related to the quali-quantitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids.
4 Communication skills
Special emphasis will be dedicated to the rules of the correct scientific communication, with special emphasis on the following formats: (i) research articles to be published on scientific journals in the field of pharmaco-toxicological analysis; (ii) conference presentation (both in form of poster and or oral communication); (iii) grant proposals; (iv) internal standard operative procedures, compliant with ISO17025/ISO15189; (iv) reports, expert opinions, technical briefs in the case of forensic investigations. Specific attention will be given to consolidate an adequate technical language to present, both in oral and written forms, the specific subjects of the course.
5 Learning skills
The students, also thanks to the support of both the basic textbook and the integrative scientific literature supplied in parallel to the frontal lessons, will be given the possibility to verify in real time his/her learning capacity; an “entry test” is planned at the beginning of the course, aimed to assess the pre-existing level of knowledge of the students, allowing to optimize the fine structure of the course to maximize learning, dedicating more time and attention to those topics that the students did not encounter in previous courses. Furthermore, two additional periodic tests will allow to verify, with a high degree of accuracy, the real level of learning. Special attention is dedicated to the integrative information that can be retrieved by accessing specific databases and the reference scientific literature.
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| 1008271 | DRUG DELIVERY AND DRUG TARGETING [CHIM/09] [ITA] | 4th | 2nd | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The teaching of Drug Targeting and Delivery provides to the students the main methods to optimize the drug efficiency, starting from the physical-chemical characteristics of the active molecule and the request administration ways. The teaching will present all the most important drug delivery systems, suitable to obtain the therapeutic effect of a specific dug, minimizing its toxicity and increasing the targeting. The teaching tries to increase the interest of the student towards a multidisciplinary research work, employing the knowledge acquired in the previous years of the degree course.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will able to know and understand physical-chemical characteristics of the drugs and the problems related to their delivery such as bioavailability and stability. The student will be able to plain smart drug delivery systems able to target the drug, to the aim of minimizing toxicity and increase the activity.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will be able to value the problems of a drug and to plane innovative pharmaceutical formulations that allow of overcoming these problems. The student will be able to to examine critically the different drug delivery systems in order to choose the most suitable for the specific drug and administration route.
3. Making judgements
The lessons will be interactive, with a continue comparison between teacher and students about the arguments, with the aim to stimulate the interest of the students and to increase their critical sense. This discussion will allow calling back arguments already discussed in other teachings, and connected among them.
4. Communication skills
The rating of the student will be made through an oral examination that will have as subject one of the arguments treated during the lessons. The student will search in the literature a recent research paper on the argument, and will present critically the results with a Power Point presentation.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to search in the literature and to study critically the scientific papers related to the arguments of the teaching. In this way, he will be able to plan innovative formulations in order to increase the efficacy of old drugs by new technological methodologies, as requested by the industrial world.
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| 1023345 | BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS [BIO/10] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The aim of the Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications course is to allow the student an in-depth knowledge of biochemical and biotechnological techniques from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The final aim is to prepare him/her to make use of these techniques to develop, in a creative and inventive way, new investigation strategies as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pathologies.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and Understanding
The student will gain up-to-date knowledge in the field of Biotechnological Techniques (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and relevant research application. In particular, he/she will deepen his/her knowledge of macromolecules separation and detection techniques (e.g. Southern, Northern and Western blotting; Immuno-precipitation; Microarrays; Biosensors); genetic manipulation techniques (e.g. Cloning and Expression vectors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mutagenesis; PCR and Real-Time PCR) and relevant applications in research, diagnostics and therapy. For these techniques, he/she will study both the theoretical background and the procedural approach /experimental design applied to an in vitro or in vivo experiment . He/She will also study the recent applications of Biotechnology in different research fields, such as design and production of: recombinant vaccines; humanized antibodies: anticancer drugs; use of enzymes in diagnostics and molecular therapy; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); RNA and SiRNA interfering techniques; Genome Editing via Crispr/CAS system).
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will be able to approach the research in the biochemical/pharmacological field using the latest biotechnology methodologies. He/she will be able to identify the most appropriate and profitable research strategy to best address the design of novel diagnostic methods or new-generation therapeutic approaches, or to improve existing therapies. He/she will be able to spot critical points as well as those that can be implemented. Altogether, He/she will know the most advanced therapeutic strategies and solutions deriving from the application and use of biotechnological techniques to the treatment of specific pathologies.
3. Making judgements
The course will consist of interactive lessons held in a classroom. The teacher will explain the general concepts and emphasize important points using an interactive approach based on class discussion and questions aimed at developing a problem-solving attitude, both during the lecture and homework. Students will also be invited to ask questions and analyse the topic under discussion so to acquire/perfect their proactive and critical attitude also using skills and knowledge acquired during previous courses.
4. Communication skills
The exam includes an oral interview and a power point presentation with a dissertation examining one or more topics of the course program, with specific focus on Biotechnologies. This kind of exam will allow evaluating the student's communication skills in relation to what he/she learned during the course.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to deepen the topics covered during the course by use of the recommended texts. These textbooks will remain as future reference for the student. The student will also develop the learning ability that will allow He/She to update his/her knowledge through the consultation of updated scientific bibliography.
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| 1023448 | PHARMACOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES [BIO/14] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives GENERAL EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
The main aims of the course are to provide knowledge on experimental pharmacological techniques essential for drug development.
SPECIFIC EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students
1. Knowledge and understanding. Will know some experimental pharmacological techniques essential for pre-clinical and clinical drug development.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding. Will develop critical skills on the subjects of the course also thanks to the preparation of a short theoretical dissertation and visits to research centers .
3. Making judgements. Will have acquired autonomy of judgment thanks to the independent analysis of the bibliographic sources of the course before and after the lectures (flipped classroom).
4. Communication skills. Will improve his/her communication skills also thanks to the presentation of a dissertation and the final oral exam.
5. Learning skills. Will be familiar with the most modern bibliographic tools (databases, online texbooks of the platform ACCESS MEDICINE) which will allow her/him to stay updated on all frontier subjects in the field of pharmacology.
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| 1023430 | PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY [MED/07] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course is aimed at deepening microbiological knowledge useful for the preparation of new drugs and their quality control and for microbiological control of cosmetics, mineral water and food. The aim of the course is also to provide expertise for planning scientific researches for the discovery of therapeutic targets against human pathogens.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will be able to identify and to isolate different human pathogens. Furthermore, by means of practice lessons, the student will have acquired the main microbiological and virological techniques, used by diagnostic and research laboratories.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will be able to recognize the different microorganisms; to quantify the microbial load and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of new molecules. The student will also be able to apply the main microbiological tests used in the cosmetics industry and for the control of water and food products.
3. Making judgements
The lessons and practice in the laboratory will be all interactive. It will be asked to the student recurring questions in order to stimulate his/her interest in the Pharmaceutical Microbiology and develop his/her critical sense.
4. Communication skills
The evaluation of the student’s study will be carried out through an oral exam, which will focus on all the topics covered and the preparation of a report on one of the topics of the program. In this way, the communication skills of the student will be evaluated in relation to what he/she has learned and his/her ability to have acquired an appropriate technical-scientific language.
5. Learning skills
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the ability to deal with the issues addressed during the lessons and practical laboratories and to deepen them independently in the recommended texts.
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| 10606693 | MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY [MED/46] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course is aimed to provide knowledge concerning the main molecular mechanisms implied in the pathogenesis of cancer, in order to give the theoretical basis for the development of new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic procedures in oncology.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
During the course the student will acquire knowledge about causes and pathogenic mechanisms of cancer, specifically referring to genetic and epigenetic alterations, altered pathways in cancer, therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer therapy. This knowledge will be applied in the development of new targeted therapies in cancer. A further objective of the course is to equip the figure of the graduate in CTF with the basic theoretical tools for the understanding of clinical trials in oncology, of the research methodology, of the national legislation that governs its management.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression will make the student:
-able to link the alterations at the molecular level with the identification of new therapeutic targets
- possessing the appropriate skills to carry out both activities within the NHS's local pharmaceutical services and research activities;
- capable of independent judgment with reference to the evaluation, interpretation and reprocessing of literature data;
- able to elaborate in a critical and autonomous way original ideas in a biomedical research context;
- able to communicate the acquired information to specialists and non-specialists in the field of oncology.
3. Making judgements
The student will be able to independently collect and interpret data derived from scientific studies in oncology by reading scientific articles in English as well as to communicate information and knowledge to specialists in the field of oncology. The student will also be able to critically and autonomously elaborate original ideas in a clinical research context and to interpret and formulate judgments on current clinical trials in oncology.
4. Communication skills
The modality of interactive lessons with seminars held by specialists in oncology (from diagnostics to therapy) will allow students to stimulate their critical and communicative skills. In the view of transformation of pharma companies, with the exponential growth of molecularly targeted drugs, a thorough knowledge of precision medicine in oncology will be extremely useful.
5. Learning skills
In the age of precision medicine the student will become aware of how indispensable for professional purposes is a continuous updating in a field, such as oncology, in which innovation in the pharmacological research it is in continuous evolution, with the development of always new targeted agents in the view of a more and more precise personalization of the treatments in oncology.
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| 1008247 | CHEMISTRY OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS [CHIM/09] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The traiing objectives of the course”Chemistry of Cosmetic Products” are the following:
the different classes of cosmetic products and the scope of their usage,
the functions of the different classes of ingredients used in the preparation of cosmetic products,
the formulation aspects concerning cosmetic products,
the regulatory aspects concerning the conception, production and sale of cosmetic products and the social and economic aspects related to their use.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will learn the function of the individual ingredients of a cosmetic product, the specific functions of the same ingredient in the various classes of cosmetic products, the physiological variation that the ingredients may exert in the area of application. .He will learn the origin and composition of the main classes of ingredients and their possible preparation and extraction techniques. In particular, he will learn the various types of
lipid phases, their origin and their different functions in the various cosmetics,
surfactants and their use as detergent and dispersant agents
hydrophilic ingredients, including macromolecular components, used in cosmetics
preservative, dye, antioxidant, depigmentant, exfoliant agents
properties and production of water used in cosmetic products
He will also gain knowledge on the regulatory aspects related to the use of the various ingredients and of the whole cosmetic product.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will recognize, for a cosmetic formulation, the functions of the individual ingredients and critically evaluate the possible interactions, incompatibilities, synergies of the various ingredients. He will be able to evaluate the stability of the formulation according to the substances contained in it. He will be able to propose the ingredient choice in relation to the intended effect and the conditions of use of the cosmetic product.
3. Making judgements
The lectures will be conducted with the direct participation of the students, with by asking and soliciting the raise of questions in order to stimulate their critical attitude. Links will also be proposed to real life and to the possible use in cosmetics of products suitable also for food, stimulating the ability to correlate the various functions that an ingredient can have in the various fields of use. The student will be continually referred to concepts already acquired in the field of chemistry (inorganic, organic, biochemical chemistry) and in the biomedical area (anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, toxicology).
4. Communication skills
The evaluation of the students will be carried out exclusively by oral examination, which will focus on all the topics of the program, testing also the relevant student's communication skills.
5. Learning skills
The student will be asked to deepen topics of his own interest using both recommended books and relevant scientific reports. This exercise will be useful also for his future working experience, to build skills in context analysis and problem solving.
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| 1052279 | NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY [CHIM/09, CHIM/02] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 8 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course aims to illustrate the applications of nanotechnologies to sensors and in the pharmaceutical and therapeutic field. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand how to synthesize, characterize and manipulate nanomaterials and how they can be used to create new nano-biodevices for diagnostics and as carriers for pharmaceutical applications and biomedicine.
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| NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY I [CHIM/09] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 4 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course aims to illustrate the applications of nanotechnologies to sensors and in the pharmaceutical and therapeutic field. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand how to synthesize, characterize and manipulate nanomaterials and how they can be used to create new nano-biodevices for diagnostics and as carriers for pharmaceutical applications and biomedicine.
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| NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY II [CHIM/02] [ITA] | 4th | 1st | 4 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course aims to illustrate the applications of nanotechnologies to sensors and in the pharmaceutical and therapeutic field. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand how to synthesize, characterize and manipulate nanomaterials and how they can be used to create new nano-biodevices for diagnostics and as carriers for pharmaceutical applications and biomedicine.
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