Architectural Sciences

Content The origins of Mediterranean cultures, Egypt and Crete. - Micaenean civilisation.- From the greek Middle Ages to Archaism – The origin of the Greek Temple and of the Architectural Orders. - The Great Archaic Temples The Classical Age: Olympia, Paestum, Athens. - The Acropolis and the Parthenon - Pericles, Mnesicles, Callicrates and Ictinus. Hellenism: Alexandria and antique Urban Planning. Ippodamus and Dinocrates – Pergamon – The Reconstruction of the Archaic Temples: Ephesus, Sardis, Miletus. - The great Sanctuaries: Pergamon, Coos, Rhodes. Roman Architecture: Rome under the Tarquinii – the Hellenistic influence. – The use of arches, and the discovery of concrete and of the vault. - The great Republican Sanctuaries in Latium.- The application of Architectural Orders to arched walls (Tabularium Motif) – The Architecture of the great Dictators: Pompey, Cesar, Augustus. The Fora of Cesar and Augustus as prototypes of the Imperial Fora.- The Corynthian Order. -. Baiae and the first great cupolae.- Claudius and the rough ashlar -. Nero and The Domus Aurea. – The Flavii: the Colosseum, Rabirius. - Trajan and Apollodorus of Damascus.- The Age of Hadrian.- From the Severii to Diocletian. Spalatus - Maxentius and Costantine - Arches and Mausoleums – Roman Building Types: Residences, Thermae, Places of Entertainement. Late Antiquity and Early Christianism. - Pagan and Christian Art. – Rome and the first Basilicas. –Eastern and Western influences: triconcae and tetraconcae.- Syrian Churches.- .Ravenna – Theodoric and Justinian – Costantinople - Saint Sophia. Between VII and X century: Visigoth Spain and Lombard Italy. The Arabs and Omayyad Architecture – Carolingian Architecture: Aachen, Saint Gallen and benedictine influence – the Westwerk- The crisis of the Sacred Roman Empire. The Ottonian Renaissance: Spira, Worms, Mainz, France, Tours, Cluny II. Romanesque architecture: The Concept of Romanesque in Europe. France: Burgundy, Provence, Loire, Poitou, Perigord, Auvergne, Normandy and Norman England – The churches on «Camino de Santiago» – the crisis of the Benedectine Order – Bernard of Clairvaux and cisterceans architecture – Northern Italy: Lombardy and Emilia, Venice – Tuscany- Rome the XII century Renaissance – Montecassino –the Normans in Southern Italy and in Sicily: Puglia Cefalù and Monreale. The gothic architecture: Origins and limits of the concept of Gothic Art.-Definitions, spatial conceptions and structural systems – Suger, the reconstruction of the of St-Denis abbey and the gothic architecture in Ile-de-France: Saint Denis, Paris, Chartres, Reims – Germany: The Koln cathedral – England: Canterbury Lincoln, London Italy in the XIII and XIV century. – The influence of the new religious orders: Franciscans and Dominicans – Frederic II – the Central Italy cathedrals: Orvieto, Siena, Florence and Perugia – Venice – Emilia and Lombardy – Arnolfo di Cambio – Rome – Naples and the southern Kingdom. Europe in the XIV and XV century and the end of Gothic Art- The european Late Gothic. Florentine culture towards the Renaissance: tradition, cult for Antique Classicism and Humanism.

The student must possess the following indispensable knowledge: basic knowledge of Geometrical Drawing (orthogonal and axonometric projections); basic knowledge of History, in particular of the historical events of the period treated and the evolution of artistic culture, and geography. Furthermore, it is important that the student possesses basic knowledge of Structure Statics (behavior of trilithic and pushing structures, of arc and transmission mechanisms of the main stresses and their balancing).  

• C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, G. Ortolani, A. Viscogliosi, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006. • R. Bonelli, C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Roma-Bari 1997. • G. Rocco, Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Roma 1995.

The attendance at the course is not mandatory

The exam will consist of an oral test, aimed at verifying the degree of knowledge of the works and the topics covered during the course. Also require information about the historical events of the period the treaty and on the evolution of artistic culture in the most important aspect. during the exam the student will demonstrate knowledge of the topics indicated in the programme, also with explanatory drawings. In particular, the student will illustrate graphically the architectural orders and buildings and themes in bold in the table of contents of exam topics.

PREPARAZIONE GENERALE Storia dell'architettura Voci dell'Enciclopedia Universale dell'Arte relative ai periodi trattati e ai singoli architetti. Per il "Romanico”, si consulti nel Dizionario di Architettura e Urbanistica, la relativa voce a cura di R. Bonelli. Si consiglia, inoltre, di consultare per le singole voci l’Enciclopedia dell’Arte Medioevale, dell’Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana . Teoria e la storia della critica d'arte VENTURI, L., Storia della critica d'arte, Torino 1964 ARCHITETTURA GRECA, ROMANA E BIZANTINA • BOZZONI C., FRANCHETTI PARDO V., ORTOLANI G., VISCOGLIOSI A., L’architettura del mondo antico, Bari 2006. • BERVE H., GRUBEN G., HIRMER H., I templi greci, Firenze 1962 • LAUTER, H., L’architettura ellenistica, Darmstadt 1986 • ROCCO G., Guida alla lettura degli ordini architettonici antichi. I. Il dorico, Napoli 1994. • ROCCO G., Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Roma 1995. • CHARBONNEAUX, I., MARTIN, R. e VILLARD, F., La Grecia ellenistica Milano 1971 • CREMA, L., L'architettura romana, in Enciclopedia classica, Sezione III, Archeologia e storia dell'arte classica, vol. XII, Archeologia (Arte romana), Tomo I, Torino 1959 • WARD PERKINS, J.B., Architettura romana, Milano 1979 • GROS P., Architettura e società nell’Italia Romana, Roma 1987 • COARELLI F., I santuari del Lazio in età repubblicana, Roma, 1987 • ADAM J.P., L’arte di costruire presso i Romani: materiali e tecniche, Milano 1989 ( la ed. Paris 1984) • GINOUVES, R.- MARTIN, R., Dictionnaire Mèthodique de l'Architecture grecque et romaine, I, Materiaux, techniques de construction, tecniques et formes du décor, Roma 1985 • KRAUTHEIMER, R., Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture , Harmondsworth 1965; trad. ital. aggiornata, Architettura paleocristiana e bizantina, Torino 1986 • MANGO, C., Architettura Bizantina , Milano 1974 • BETTINI, S., Lo spazio architettonico da Roma a Bisanzio , Bari 1978 PER LA STORIA DELLE ARTI FIGURATIVE • BECATTI G., L’arte dell’età classica, Firenze 1971 • BIANCHI BANDINELLI R., L'arte romana nel centro del Potere , Milano 1969 • BIANCHI BANDINELLI R., La fine dell'arte antica, Milano 1970 • GRABAR A., L’arte paleocristiana, Milano, 1980 • GRABAR A., L’età d’oro di Giustiniano, Milano, 1980 DALL’ETÀ CAROLINGIA A BRUNELLESCHI • HUBERT J., PORCHER J., VOLBACH W., L'impero carolingio , Milano 1968 • GRODECKI L., MUTHERICH F., TARALON J., WORMALD F., Il secolo dell' Anno Mille, Milano 1974 • GRODECKI L., L'architecture ottonienne, Paris 1958 • CONANT J.K., Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, Harmondswoth 1959 (1974) • KUBACH H.E., L'architettura romanica, Milano 1972 • TOMAN R., a cura di, Il Romanico, Colonia 1996 • BONELLI R., BOZZONI C., FRANCHETTI PARDO V., Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Bari 1997. • TOMAN R., a cura di, Il Gotico, Colonia 1996 GRODECKI, L., L'architettura gotica , Milano 1977 • ARGAN, G.C., L'architettura italiana del Duecento e Trecento, Firenze 1937 WHI'IE, J., Art and Architecture in Italv 1250-1400, Harmondsworth 1962 PER LA STORIA IN GENERALE • VOLPE, G., Il Medioevo, Firenze 1958 • LE GOFF, J., Il basso Medioevo , Milano 1967 PER LA STORIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA NEL QUATTROCENTO • BATTISTI E., Filippo Brunelleschi, Milano s.d. • SANPAOLESI, P., Brunelleschi, Milano 1955 PER LA STORIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA A ROMA • COARELLI F., Roma. Guida archeologica, Roma-Bari 1980 • KRAUTHEIMER R., Roma. Profilo di una città, 312-1308, Roma 1981 • AA.VV., Roma anno 1300, a cura di A.M.Romanini, Roma 1983). N.B. Per il massimo aggiornamento sui singoli monumenti di Roma fino alla tarda antichità, si veda il LEXICON TOPOGRAPHICUM URBIS ROMAE.

The course of History of ancient and medieval architecture is held in co-teaching by prof. Flavia Cantatore (4 CFU) and by prof. Alessandro Viscogliosi (4 CFU). Lectures and tutorials imparts general knowledge and provides methodological research tools relating to the history of ancient and medieval architecture, useful for understanding the most important buildings in their historical and cultural context. Summary of topics (first part of the course, 4 credits): 1. INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE Methodological indications for the historical study of architecture. 2. GREEK ARCHITECTURE Outline of Minoan and Mycenaean architecture. From the Mycenaean megaron to the temple and the sanctuary. The architectural orders in the morphology and syntax of the first examples. The first Ionic temples of Asia Minor (Heraion of Samos, Artemision of Ephesus) and the first Doric temples in Greece and Magna Graecia (of Apollo in Termo, Era in Olimpia, "C" and "G" in Selinunte, Era I in Paestum). The mature age and the temples of the 5th century in Greece (from Apollo to Corinth, Aphaia to Aegina, Zeus to Olympia). The classic architecture of the Acropolis of Athens at the time of Pericles (Parthenon, Propylaea, Erechtheion). The temples of Athena Nike and of Hephaestus in Athens, Apollo Epikourios in Bassae, the Telesterion of Eleusis. The changes in the 4th century (temples of Zeus at Nemea, Athena Alea at Tegea, Atena Poliàs at Priene, Artemis at Sardis, tholos of Epidaurus, Artemision of Ephesus). The theaters. Hellenistic cities and examples of the architecture of early Hellenism (Didymaion near Miletus, altar of Pergamon) and of the second Hellenism (the temple of Artemis Leukophriene in Magnesia on the Meander and the figure of Hermogenes of Alabanda). 3. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE The Etruscan-Italic temple (of Thefarie Velianas in Pyrgi and of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome). Roman building techniques. The Lazio sanctuaries (of Palestrina, Terracina, Tivoli). The Roman house in the Republican age. The Comitium and the basilicas in the Roman Forum of the Republican age, the republican temples in Rome. The Forums of Caesar and Augustus, the Ara Pacis and the sepulchral complex of Augustus. The theatre of Marcellus. The triumphal arch of Augustus in Rimini. La Maison Carrée and the Pont du Gard in Nimes. Nero's Domus Aurea and Domitian's palace on the Palatine. The Arch of Titus and the Flavian Amphitheater in Rome. The Forum, the markets and the Baths of Trajan. The Pantheon, the villa Adriana inTivoli and the architecture of Hadrian in Athens. Insulae and structure of the city of Ostia. The basilica and the Forum of Leptis Magna. The Arch of Septimius Severus and the Baths of Caracalla in Rome. 4. LATE ANTIQUITY ARCHITECTURE Diocletian’s Curia, baths and palace in Split. Maxentius and the reconstruction of the temple of Venus and Rome, the Basilica Nova, the complex of the so-called Temple of Romulus and the villa with circus on the via Appia. The villa of Piazza Armerina. The nymphaeum of the Orti Liciniani. The arc of Costantino, the mausoleums of Elena and Costantina and the first Christian basilicas in Rome (basilicas of S. Giovanni, S. Pietro and cemeteriali). Detailed program, study resources and communications on elearning: Architettura, lauree triennali, CANTATORE - Storia dell’architettura antica e medievale 24-25.

Basic knowledge of architectural vocabulary and history.

A. BRUSCHI, Introduzione alla storia dell’architettura, Milano 2009 C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, G. ORTOLANI, A. VISCOGLIOSI, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006 F. COARELLI, Roma. Guida archeologica, Roma-Bari 2001 S. BETTINI, Lo spazio architettonico da Roma a Bisanzio, Bari 1978

The course includes ex cathedra lessons, graphic exercises and if possible visits of the main monuments of Rome.

Frequency is recommended. Students not attending the course will in any case visit the monuments indicated in the program.

The examination consists of a questionnaire on the topics of the program offered to students at the end of the first part of the course (November, the date will be announced in the first lecture) and evaluation of the graphic exercises. Successful completion of the test represents a partial grade that will arithmetically average with the grade of the oral test taken at the end of the second part of the course (from January 2025). Those who do not take or fail the first test will take the oral exam on the entire course program (first + second part), starting in January 2025.

A. BRUSCHI, Introduzione alla storia dell’architettura, Milano 2009 C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, G. ORTOLANI, A. VISCOGLIOSI, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006 F. COARELLI, Roma. Guida archeologica, Roma-Bari 2001 S. BETTINI, Lo spazio architettonico da Roma a Bisanzio, Bari 1978

The course includes ex cathedra lessons, graphic exercises and visits of the main monuments of Rome.

Description the Course is a survey of the History of European Architecture from the beginning of the Greek Civilisation (VIII cent b.C.) through the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Christian periods, the Middle Ages, up to the moment of the dawn of Renaissance in Florence at the beginning of the XIV century AD. The Course will focus subsequently and gradually on the various ages and on the most significant buildings that characterize each of these. It will be divided chronologically, and preceded by a General Introduction to History of Architecture and by the definition of the concepts of Space, Architectural Culture, Institutions and Social relationships, Patrons and Artists. Content The origins of Mediterranean cultures, Egypt and Crete. - Micaenean civilisation.- From the greek Middle Ages to Archaism – The origin of the Greek Temple and of the Architectural Orders. - The Great Archaic Temples The Classical Age: Olympia, Paestum, Athens. - The Acropolis and the Parthenon - Pericles, Mnesicles, Callicrates and Ictinus. Hellenism: Alexandria and antique Urban Planning. Ippodamus and Dinocrates – Pergamon – The Reconstruction of the Archaic Temples: Ephesus, Sardis, Miletus. - The great Sanctuaries: Pergamon, Coos, Rhodes. Roman Architecture: Rome under the Tarquinii – the Hellenistic influence. – The use of arches, and the discovery of concrete and of the vault. - The great Republican Sanctuaries in Latium.- The application of Architectural Orders to arched walls (Tabularium Motif) – The Architecture of the great Dictators: Pompey, Cesar, Augustus. The Fora of Cesar and Augustus as prototypes of the Imperial Fora.- The Corynthian Order. -. Baiae and the first great cupolae.- Claudius and the rough ashlar -. Nero and The Domus Aurea. – The Flavii: the Colosseum, Rabirius. - Trajan and Apollodorus of Damascus.- The Age of Hadrian.- From the Severii to Diocletian. Spalatus - Maxentius and Costantine - Arches and Mausoleums – Roman Building Types: Residences, Thermae, Places of Entertainement. Late Antiquity and Early Christianism. - Pagan and Christian Art. – Rome and the first Basilicas. –Eastern and Western influences: triconcae and tetraconcae.- Syrian Churches.- .Ravenna – Theodoric and Justinian – Costantinople - Saint Sophia. Between VII and X century: Visigoth Spain and Lombard Italy. The Arabs and Omayyad Architecture – Carolingian Architecture: Aachen, Saint Gallen and benedictine influence – the Westwerk- The crisis of the Sacred Roman Empire. The Ottonian Renaissance: Spira, Worms, Mainz, France, Tours, Cluny II. Romanesque architecture: The Concept of Romanesque in Europe. France: Burgundy, Provence, Loire, Poitou, Perigord, Auvergne, Normandy and Norman England – The churches on «Camino de Santiago» – the crisis of the Benedectine Order – Bernard of Clairvaux and cisterceans architecture – Northern Italy: Lombardy and Emilia, Venice – Tuscany- Rome the XII century Renaissance – Montecassino –the Normans in Southern Italy and in Sicily: Puglia Cefalù and Monreale. The gothic architecture: Origins and limits of the concept of Gothic Art.-Definitions, spatial conceptions and structural systems – Suger, the reconstruction of the of St-Denis abbey and the gothic architecture in Ile-de-France: Saint Denis, Paris, Chartres, Reims – Germany: The Koln cathedral – England: Canterbury Lincoln, London Italy in the XIII and XIV century. – The influence of the new religious orders: Franciscans and Dominicans – Frederic II – the Central Italy cathedrals: Orvieto, Siena, Florence and Perugia – Venice – Emilia and Lombardy – Arnolfo di Cambio – Rome – Naples and the southern Kingdom. Europe in the XIV and XV century and the end of Gothic Art- The european Late Gothic. Florentine culture towards the Renaissance: tradition, cult for Antique Classicism and Humanism.

Basic knowledge is required on the historical events of the period the Treaty and on the evolution of artistic culture in its most prominent expressions.

C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, G. Ortolani, A. Viscogliosi, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006. R. Bonelli, C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Roma-Bari 1997. G. Rocco, Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Università degli Studi di Roma, Facoltà di Architettura, Dipartimento di Storia dell'Architettura e Conservazione dei Beni Architettonici, s.d.

there is no attendance requirement

The exam will consist of an oral test, aimed at verifying the degree of knowledge of the works and the topics covered during the course. Also require information about the historical events of the period the treaty and on the evolution of artistic culture in the most important aspect. during the exam the student will demonstrate knowledge of the topics indicated in the programme, also with explanatory drawings. In particular, the student will illustrate graphically the architectural orders and buildings and themes in bold in the table of contents of exam topics.

Ancient age: H. BERVE, G. GRUBEN, H. HIRMER, I templi greci, Firenze 1962 R. KRAUTHEIMER, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Harmondsworth 1965; ed. italiana aggiornata, Architettura paleocristiana e bizantina, Torino 1986 R. MARTIN, Architettura greca, Milano 1972 J.B. WARD PERKINS, Architettura romana, Milano 1974 C. MANGO, Architettura Bizantina, Milano 1977 E. GRECO, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo greco, Roma-Bari 1983 H. LAUTER, Die Architektur des Hellenismus, Darmstadt 1986, ed. italiana L’architettura ellenistica, Milano 1999 P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari 1988 G. ROCCO, Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Roma 1995 P. GROS, L' architecture romaine, 1. Les monuments publics, Paris 1996, ed. italiana L' architettura romana. Dagli inizi del III secolo a. C. alla fine dell'alto impero. I monumenti pubblici, Milano 2001 C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, G. ORTOLANI, A. Viscogliosi, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006. Medieval Age: L. GRODEKI, L'architecture ottonienne, Paris 1958 J.K. CONANT, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, Harmondswoth 1959 (1974) E. GUIDONI, Arte e urbanistica in Toscana 1000-1315, Roma 1970 H.E. KUBACH, L'architettura romanica, Milano 1972 L. GRODECKI, Architettura gotica, Milano 1976 E. GUIDONI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Duecento, Roma-Bari 1989 E. GUIDONI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Medioevo, Roma-Bari 1991 R. TOMAN, a cura di, Il Romanico, Colonia 1996 R. BONELLI, C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Bari 1997.

The course will be structured mainly in single-subject lectures that will systematically cover the topics in the syllabus. Extempore classroom exercises will be devoted to architectural orders.