Architecture (Conservation)

I. The Arena-Introductory part 1. MASONRY BUILDINGS 1.1 Masonry material; traditional brickwork typologies; mechanical characteristics of masonry. 1.2 Masonry structures; constructive features; arches, vaults, domes. 1.3 Structural analysis of masonry buildings with reference to technical regulations; guidelines for the safety of historical architectural heritage; criteria for the knowledge (surveys, historical studies, experimental tests). 2. MECHANICAL MODELS FOR HISTORICAL MASONRY 2.1 Structural models: arches and vaults. 2.2 Masonry made of blocks as an ideal model for historical masonries. 2.3 Discrete models for periodic masonry: limit analysis, distinct element analysis. 2.4 Continuous models for masonry (outlines): Cauchy isotropic no-tensile models; Castigliano’s model; anisotropic models; homogenization; Cosserat continuum. II. Theoretical background 1. CINEMATIC OF RIGID BODIES Vectors; scalar and vector product; Cartesians components. Rigid motion; infinitesimal rigid displacements; Lagrange’s parameters. Constraints; friction; virtual works principle; graphic and analytical solutions of the cinematic problem of a system of constrained blocks. 2. CONSTITUTIVE ASPECTS AND COLLAPSE ANALYSIS 2.1 Constitutive theories; linear-elastic material; elasto-plastic materials; yield surfaces; Mohr-Coulomb criterion; Drucker’s hypothesis. 2.2 Behaviour of stone/masonry materials; cracking; Heyman’s hypothesis; collapse mechanisms. Experimental analyses. 3.3 Limit analysis; static and cinematic approaches. III. Simulations 1. COMPUTATIONAL EXAMPLES Basic: collapse mechanisms of portions of masonry structures by means of virtual work principle. Advanced (optional for the additional 2 CFU in the Laboratory): limit analysis by means of ALMA code (Analisi Limite linearizzata di Murature a blocchi con giunti Attritivi) 2. ANALYSIS OF MASONRY BUILDINGS: REAL CASES STUDIES

Bachelor Degree class LM-17 or equivalent after passing the Structural Mechanics exams (or equivalent) Arguments concerning the Kinematics and Statics of rigid and deformable bodies, the theory of elasticity, linear algebra (vectors, matrices, linear systems) are considered fundamental theoretical presuppositions to face the study of matter. The knowledge of issues related to the conservation of monuments and architectural heritage in general, gained in the Restoration courses, as well as the skills derived from the study of subjects such as History of Architecture, Design and Materials Technology are also fundamental.

SUGGESTED READINGS J. Heyman, The Masonry Arch, Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1982. P. B. Lourenço, Computations on historic masonry structures, Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 4(3), 2002, pp. 301–319 P. B. Lourenço, Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures, Delft (Olanda), University of Technology, 1996. J. Rots (a cura di), Structural Masonry-an experimental-numerical basis for practical design rule, Rotterdam (Olanda), Balkema, 1997. C. Baggio, P. Trovalusci, Limit analysis for no-tension and frictional three-dimensional discrete systems, Mechanics of Structures and Machines, 26 (3), 1998, pp. 287-304. T. J. Massart, Multiscale Modeling of Damage in Masonry Structures, Universiteitsdrukkerij TU Eindhoven (Olanda), 2003. C. Baggio, P. Trovalusci, ‘Collapse behaviour of three-dimensional brick-block systems using non linear programming’, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 10(2), 2000, pp. 181-195. P. Trovalusci, R.Masiani, Non-linear micropolar and classical continua for anisotropic discontinuous materials’, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40(5), 2003, pp. 1281-1297. Norme tecniche per le costruzioni 2018 (NTC 2018). DM 17 gennaio 2018. «Linee guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio culturale con riferimento alle Norme tecniche per le costruzioni di cui al decreto del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei trasporti del 14 gennaio 2008» Eurocode 6. Design of Masonry Structure. Eurocode 8. Design of structures for earthquake resistance Some of the readings quoted above are published on the teacher website: (https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/patriziatrovalusci/home/lezioni-cmm).

attendance from official faculty timetable

EXAM test The exam test consists of a presentation, individually or in groups (max three people), in Power Point (or similar software) to be jointly discussed (20 min). The work will be structured as follows. i- Discussion of the topics covered in the lessons ii- Analysis of a case study of monumental interest (object of study in other exams already held) concerning the structure the building and the relative state of conservation (documents, surveys, photos, etc.); the individuation of necessary structural checks and the discussion of the reasons behind the choice of one, or more, computational models to adopt for these checks. Some simple structural analyzes will be performed on portions of the building itself. iii - Presentation of the exercises indicated during the course concerning simple structural schemes (teaching material published on the teacher's website). Alternatively you can agree about critical reports on the topics suggested in the course and deepened in the recommended readings. For information regarding the course and in particular the EXAM TEST, as well as the STUDENT NOTICES, please refer to the SITE OF THE TEACHER.

https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/patrizia-trovalusci-teaching/didattica/sm-organizzazione-corsocourse-organization?authuser=0