Aerospace engineering

Electrostatics in Vacuum Electric Field and Potential Electrical Actions. Electric charge and Coulomb’s law. The electric field. Electrostatic field generated by systems of charges with fixed and known spatial distribution. Gauss’s Theorem. The first Maxwell’s equation. The electric potential. The electric dipole. Mechanical actions on electric dipoles in an external electric field. Rotor of a Vector Field. Developments resulting from the conservativeness of the electrostatic field. Systems of conductors and electrostatic field. Electrostatic field and charge distributions in conductors. Electrical capacity. Systems of capacitors. Energy of the electrostatic field. Mechanical actions of an electrostatic nature in conductors. The general problem of electrostatics in vacuum. Electrostatics in the Presence of Dielectrics Dielectric Constant. Microscopic interpretation. The electric polarization vector P (or polarization intensity). The equations of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics. The general problem of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics and the boundary conditions for the vectors E and D. Electrostatic energy in the presence of dielectrics. Mechanical actions in the presence of dielectrics. Stationary Electric Current Conductors. Electric current. Current density and continuity equation. Electrical resistance and Ohm’s law. Dissipative phenomena in conductors traversed by current. Electromotive force and electric generators. Electrical resistance of ohmic conductor structures. Direct current circuits. Circuits traversed by quasi-stationary current. Charging and discharging of a capacitor. Stationary Magnetic Phenomena in Vacuum Lorentz Force and Magnetic Induction Vector. Mechanical actions on circuits traversed by stationary current in an external magnetic field. Field generated by stationary currents in vacuum. Properties of the Magnetic Induction Vector in the Stationary Case. IV Maxwell’s Equation (proof excluded). Vector potential. Interactions between circuits traversed by stationary current. Hall effect. Magnetism in Matter General Introductory Considerations. Magnetic polarization and its relations with microscopic currents. The fundamental equations of magnetostatics in the presence of matter and the matching conditions. Diamagnetic substances. Paramagnetic substances. Ferromagnetic substances. Magnetic circuits, electromagnets, and permanent magnets. Magnetic circuits. Definitions and approximations. Electromagnets. Permanent magnets. Electric and Magnetic Fields Variable Over Time Third and Fourth Maxwell’s Equation. Electromagnetic induction. The Faraday-Neumann law. Physical interpretation of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Cut flux: configuration of the circuit that varies in a magnetic induction field constant over time. Variation of the linked flux due to the motion of the field sources. Variation of the linked flux due to variation of the source circuit’s supply current. Local form of the Faraday-Neumann law and expression of the third Maxwell’s equation in the non-stationary case. The phenomenon of self-induction and self-induction coefficient. Mutual induction. Energy analysis of an RL circuit. Magnetic energy and mechanical actions. Recall to electrical energy and mechanical actions. Magnetic energy in the case of coupled circuits. Magnetic energy and forces on circuits. Electro-generators and electric motors. The fourth Maxwell’s equation in the non-stationary case. Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Wave Equation. Electromagnetic plane waves. Electromagnetic spherical waves. EM wave spectrum. Conservation of energy and Poynting vector. Electrodynamics potentials. Radiation of an oscillating dipole. Interaction Radiation Matter Boundary conditions between fields when passing from one medium to another. Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves. Characteristics of the reflected and refracted waves. Snell’s Law. Natural Light and Polarized Radiation. Huygens-Fresnel Principle. Interference.

Knowledge of analysis I and II and physics I.

Corrado Mencuccini, Vittorio Silvestrini, FISICA - ELETTROMAGNETISMO E OTTICA, Zanichelli Editore, https://www.zanichelli.it/ricerca/prodotti/fisica-elettromagnetismo-e-ottica?hl=mencuccini

In person.

The written exam aims to assess the student’s ability to independently solve problems and typically consists of five exercises. It is graded on a scale of thirty points. The oral exam evaluates the student’s ability to discuss any topic covered in the course and present arguments. It is also graded on a scale of thirty points. The final grade considers the overall results from both the written and oral exams. Insufficient knowledge (below 18) Minimal knowledge (18-20) Average knowledge (21-23) Adequate application of knowledge (24-25) Good application of knowledge (27-28) Excellent application of knowledge with strong communication and critical thinking skills (29-30 with honors).