Clinical Engineering

THE COURSE OF CHEMISTRY HAS A VERY EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE FOR ANY FACULTY OF SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL ADDRESS. THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE IN THIS COURSE IS TO EXPLAIN THE ARGUMENTS OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY, BOTH IN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS, TOGETHER WITH THE FOUNDATIONS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO INTERCONNECT THE ARGUMENTS TREATING THE PHENOMENA RELATED TO THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED ALSO THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS. A COLLECTIVE TRAINING WILL BE PROVIDED DURING THE COURSE THROUGH WHICH STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO DISCUS AMONG THEM RELATIVELY TO WHAT LEARNED UNTIL THAT MOMENT, DEVELOPING IN THIS WAY EVEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS. THE STUDENT WILL BE MADE IN CONDITION OF UNDERSTANDING AND EVALUATING THE CHEMICAL, THERMODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURE ASPECTS OF THE MATERIALS RELATED TO THE SUCCESSIVE ACADEMIC COURSES. THE PROGRAM CAN BE STRUCTURED PRINCIPALLY IN 4 MODULES BELOW ILLUSTRATED TOGETHER WITH THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR EVERYONE: 1) THE STRUCTURE OF THE MATTER - ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ATOMS AND PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS - CHEMICAL BONDS - MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND GEOMETRIES - SUBSTANCES AND STECHIOMETRIC-CALCULATIONS - OXIDATION STATES OF ELEMENTS AND REDOX REACTIONS THE STUDENT KNOWS AND UNDERSTANDS THE STRUCTURE OF THE MATERIALS, STARTING FROM THE ATOMS AND PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS AND CONSEQUENTLY HE CAN GIVE A PREDICTION ON WHICH TYPE OF CHEMICAL BOND CAN BE FORMED BETWEEN TWO CHEMICAL SPECIES AND WHICH MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTY THE DERIVING COMPOSITE CAN HAVE. ACCORDINGLY, HE WILL BE ABLE TO PRODUCE, AUTONOMOUSLY, A CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES ON THE BASIS OF THE CHEMICAL BONDS AND THE PROPERTY CONNECTED TO THEM. THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE CONCEPTS OF STECHIOMETRIC RATIO THAT CHARACTERIZE THE MATTER AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS AND WILL BE ABLE TO BALANCE ANY CHEMICAL REACTION BY DETERMINING THE QUANTITIES OF THE PRODUCTS KNOWING ALSO THE NON-STECHIOMETRIC QUANTITIES OF THE REAGENTS. HE WILL BE ABLE TO LEARN THE NEXT PART OF THE PROGRAM AND ALL THE CONCEPTS POTENTIALLY PRESENT IN PROGRAMS OF SUBSEQUENT COURSES. 2) THERMODYNAMICS - STATE OF MATTER AGGREGATION. 1ST AND 2ND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS. PHASE DIAGRAMS. - CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (VAN T'HOFF EQUATION). - EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT PHASES OF NO CHEMICALLY REAGENT SUBSTANCES (CLAPEYRON EQUATION). THE STUDENT KNOWS AND UNDERSTANDS THE THERMODYNAMICS APPLIED TO THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND THROUGH THE FIRST AND SECOND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS HE IS ABLE TO ANALYZE BOTH THE ENERGY EXCHANGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS RESPECTIVELY WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND INSIDE THE SYSTEM. HE IS, AUTONOMOUSLY, ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE DIRECTION OF A TRANSFORMATION AND WHICH IS THE MAXIMUM USEFUL WORK EXTRACTABLE FROM ANY REACTIVE SYSTEM. THE STUDENT LEARNS HOW TO ANALYZE, AUTONOMOUSLY THE PHASE DIAGRAMS TO EXTRACT THE THERMODYNAMIC INFORMATION NEEDED TO INTERPRET THE SYSTEM. HE IS ABLE TO CALCULATE THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION OF A REACTIVE SYSTEM AND TO ANALYZE THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT PHASES OF NON-REAGENT SUBSTANCES. HE IS ABLE TO LEARN THE NEXT PART OF THE COURSE AS EQUILIBRIUMS IN SOLUTION AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AS WELL AS ALL THE CONCEPTS RELATED TO THERMODYNAMICS PRESENT IN THE OTHER SUBSEQUENT COURSE PROGRAMS. 3) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM IN WATER SOLUTION - SOLUTION PROPERTIES OF NON-ELECTROLYTE AND ELECTROLYTE SOLUTES - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS: SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY, EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY AND EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY LIMIT. - ACID-BASE. SALTS. - BUFFER SOLUTIONS. - LOW SOLUBLE ELECTROLYTES: SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY PRODUCT. THE STUDENT KNOWS AND UNDERSTANDS THE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF NON-ELECTROLYTE AND ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS AS COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ACID-BASE PROPERTIES. HE IS AUTONOMOUSLY ABLE TO REALIZE SOLUTION TITRATIONS, TO CALCULATE THE PH AND TO PRODUCE BUFFER SOLUTIONS TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT THE PH OF A REACTIVE AND NON-REACTIVE SYSTEM. IT IS ABLE TO STUDY AND ANALYZE HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. ALSO IN THIS CASE HE IS ABLE TO LEARN THE NEXT PART OF THE PROGRAM AND ALL THE CONCEPTS POTENTIALLY PRESENT IN PROGRAMS OF SUBSEQUENT OTHER COURSES. 4) ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS - CONVERSION OF "CHEMICAL ENERGY" IN "ELECTRIC ENERGY" AND VICEVERSA BY ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES. - NERNST EQUATION. - ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF A GALVANIC ELEMENT. - - ELECTRODIC POTENTIAL AND ELECTRODIC STANDARD POTENTIAL OF A HALF-CELL. - STANDARD REDOX POTENTIALS TABLE OF REDUCING COUPLE, OXIDING AND REDUCING POWER OF REDOX COUPLES. - CHEMICAL KINETICS THE STUDENT KNOWS AND UNDERSTANDS THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AS PILES AND FUEL CELL OR ELECTROLYZERS CAPABLE OF CONVERTING CHEMICAL ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENERGY OR VICE-VERSA. HE IS ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND TO CONCEIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS BY COUPLING HALF-CELLS BETWEEN THEM IN ORDER TO OBTAIN ENERGY FROM THE RESULTING SYSTEM. IN ADDITION KNOWING THE STANDARD POTENTIALS OF REDOX COUPLES HE IS ABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER A REACTION THROUGH REAGENTS IS POSSIBLE OR NOT. HE KNOWS AND UNDERSTANDS THE BASIS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, HE IS ABLE TO ANALYZE, IN GENERAL, ENERGY SYSTEMS FROM THERMODYNAMIC-KINETIC AND ENERGETIC POINT OF VIEW VALUATING STRENGTHS AND CRITICALITIES.