Aeronautical engineering

EXPERIMENTAL AERODYNAMICS Syllabus of classroom lectures and laboratory practice (Prof. G.P. Romano) CLASSROOM LECTURES (each 2 hours) 1. Introductory notes and procedures. Continuous and discrete tracers used in experimental fluid-mechanics 2. Light scattering from small particles. Overview of velocity measurement techniques. 3. Ultrasound Anemometry (UA): principles and practice 4. Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA): principles and practice 5. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA): principles and practice 6. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV): principles 7. Particle Image Velocimetry: practice 8. Particle Image Velocimetry: advanced procedures for image analysis Methods for vortex detection. 9. Particle size measurements: principles and practice. 10. Signal and data processing: statistical moments and errors. 11. Signal and data processing: ensemble and time averaging. Auto-correlation function. 12. Flow time scales derived from auto-correlation function. 13. Signal and data processing: spectral density function. 14. Examples of data and signals. LABORATORY PRACTICE (each 4 hours) 1) Signal and data processing 2) Multihole Pitot tubes 3) Drag and Lift on models 4) Ultrasound Anemometry (UA) 5) Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) 6) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 7) Head losses in facilities 8) Boundary Layer measurements

Basic Fluid-Mechanics: definition and equations; simplified equations Aerodinamics of wing sections and finite wings Elements of statistical analysis

Lecture notes, available on the website ELEARNING2 (in English) Books and scientific papers suggested for comparisons and comments of acquired data

It is mandatoty to be actively present in laboratory during the practices

Teaching results: knowledge and ability to use advanced experimental techniques for fluid-mechanics and aerodynamics measurements with specific reference to optical non-intrusive teechniques; knowledge and ability to use small and middle scale facilities as wind tunnels and water channels. Evaluation: based on reports of laboratory activities and practice with a total number of 5 reports, each one contributing around 20% of the final mark, being edited by the team doing the laboratory practices. Evaluation methods: the ability to describe objectives, procedures, results with related measurement errors and comparison with available theoretical, numerical and experimental results, given in the references, are evaluated. Evaluation criteria: report getting sufficient, average, good or excellent description.

References: AA.VV., Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, 2007 W. Merzkirch, Flow Visualization, Academic Press, 1987 F. Mayinger, Optical Measurements, Springer-Verlag, 1995 L.E. Drain, The LASER Doppler Technique, Wiley, 1980 J. Kompenhans & P. Raffel, PIV: a Practical Guide, Springer-Verlag, 2001 A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer, Elaborazione numerica dei segnali, Angeli, 1990 J.S. Bendat, A.G. Piersol, Random Data: Analysis and Measurement, Wiley, 1971 H. Tennekes, J.L. Lumley, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press, 1972 J.O. Hinze, Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, 1975

The course is subdivided into classroom lessons, in which definitions, working procedures of each laboratory practice, expected results and possible comparisons are presented, and laboratory practices, in which students, divided in groups, work on facilities and measurement systems, to get data to be compared with presented references. This subdivision is roughly around 30% and 70% respectively. Results are presented in form of tables and plots, to be included in technical reports, developed by the student groups in collaboration with the teacher.