BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION II

Course objectives

During the module (9CFU) the aims of the course are the physical bases and design fundamentals of biomedical instrumentation such as clinical ultrasound systems, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The course treats also an overview of past and actual technologies of the cited biomedical equipments. The students will acquire the knowledge of the working principles, design techniques and tecnological improvements. They should be able to comprehend and perform the principal test procedures for assessing the performances of biomedical equipments. They should also be able to manage the design criteria of said equipments. In a subsequent module (3 CFU) the aims of the course are designed to deepen the transducer array design criteria applied in ultrasonography and introduce the basic concepts of quality control of the sonographic image known in the scientific literature as Quality Assurance Test. At the end of the learning path the student must be able to acquire the knowledge and methodologies needed to identify the control protocol of the specific image quality for the different types of probes

Channel 1
FRANCO MARINOZZI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
MEDICAL ULTRASOUND EQUIPMENTS – ABOUT 4,5 CFU Fundamentals. Sound propagation, reflection, attenuation, acoustic impedance. Piezoelectricity. Characteristics and performances of piezoelectric materials. Ultrasound imaging theories, techniques and technologies. A-mode, B-mode, M-mode. Ultrasound probes; theory and technology. Mechanical probes, array probes. Doppler techniques (continuous wave, pulsed wave, color ). MRI and CT – ABOUT 4,5 CFU Physics and technology of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. Magnetic Dipole and Spin. The sequences: Saturation Recovery, Inversion Recovery, Spin-Eco and Gradient Eco. Radiofrequency pulses. Gradients: basic technology and supply. Contrast. Various types of MRI equipments with some technological aspects. X-Ray Computed Tomography: Basic principles and Image reconstruction techniques.
Books
1) F.P. Branca "Fondamenti di Ingegneria Clinica" - Volume II - Ed. Springer. 2) lecture notes and other material distributed by the teacher.
Exam mode
The (oral) examination is usually carried out around two themes which correspond to the three main sections of the course: Clinical Ultrasound, CT and MRI The parameters which are utilized for evaluating the candidate are: - Knowledge and ability to expose the various themes and topics encountered during the course - The proper adoption of technical terms - The ability to autonomously revise the course topics - The ability to refer the knowledges acquired during the previous studies and to adopt them properly ad accordingly in order to gain a comprehensive and strict speech during the examination
FRANCO MARINOZZI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
MEDICAL ULTRASOUND EQUIPMENTS – ABOUT 4,5 CFU Fundamentals. Sound propagation, reflection, attenuation, acoustic impedance. Piezoelectricity. Characteristics and performances of piezoelectric materials. Ultrasound imaging theories, techniques and technologies. A-mode, B-mode, M-mode. Ultrasound probes; theory and technology. Mechanical probes, array probes. Doppler techniques (continuous wave, pulsed wave, color ). MRI and CT – ABOUT 4,5 CFU Physics and technology of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. Magnetic Dipole and Spin. The sequences: Saturation Recovery, Inversion Recovery, Spin-Eco and Gradient Eco. Radiofrequency pulses. Gradients: basic technology and supply. Contrast. Various types of MRI equipments with some technological aspects. X-Ray Computed Tomography: Basic principles and Image reconstruction techniques.
Books
1) F.P. Branca "Fondamenti di Ingegneria Clinica" - Volume II - Ed. Springer. 2) lecture notes and other material distributed by the teacher.
Exam mode
The (oral) examination is usually carried out around two themes which correspond to the three main sections of the course: Clinical Ultrasound, CT and MRI The parameters which are utilized for evaluating the candidate are: - Knowledge and ability to expose the various themes and topics encountered during the course - The proper adoption of technical terms - The ability to autonomously revise the course topics - The ability to refer the knowledges acquired during the previous studies and to adopt them properly ad accordingly in order to gain a comprehensive and strict speech during the examination
FABIANO BINI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Electronic scanning: general information on the Transducers Array •Parameters associated with the sensitivity of the transducer. Bandwidth two different frequency responses. Resolving power. •Adaptation of the electrical impedance to a piezoelectric transducer. Block diagram of a circuit for the use of a piezoelectric transducer. Block diagram of the different parts forming the electrical path of the echo signal in transmission and in reception. The transmission. Transmitter-cable-system piezoelement at resonance. The receipt. Piezoelement system to resonance-cable-receiver. Image B-mode of Ultrasound CT scanners Real-Time •Image B-mode. Diagnostic image formats B-mode generated by different types of probes. Function blocks for the processing of the image. Compression the ultrasonography scans signal downstream of the Time Gain Compensation (TGC). Effects of post-processing on contrast. Quality Control in Ultrasonography •Basic concepts. Test Object. Examples of functional verification protocols performance of Ultrasound CT scanners.
Prerequisites
The objectives of the course are aimed at deepening the design criteria of electronic array probes applied in ultrasound and introducing the basic concepts of ultrasound image quality control, i.e. Quality Assurance Test. At the end of the accademic path, the students must be able to acquire the knowledge and methodologies necessary for both the design and management of ultrasound scanner technology. The review of previous knowledge of the basic subjects is required of students at the beginning of the teaching activities and are considered essential in order to understand the contents and achieve the learning objectives of the teaching.
Books
•F. P. Branca – Fondamenti di Ingegneria Clinica. Volume 2 Ecotomografia – SPRINGER. •Lecture notes by the teacher.
Frequency
Frequency modality is optional.
Exam mode
The examination procedure is oral and provides for the verification of the topics covered in the classroom.
Lesson mode
The activities are organized in frontal exercises integrated with classroom exercises.
FABIANO BINI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Electronic scanning: general information on the Transducers Array •Parameters associated with the sensitivity of the transducer. Bandwidth two different frequency responses. Resolving power. •Adaptation of the electrical impedance to a piezoelectric transducer. Block diagram of a circuit for the use of a piezoelectric transducer. Block diagram of the different parts forming the electrical path of the echo signal in transmission and in reception. The transmission. Transmitter-cable-system piezoelement at resonance. The receipt. Piezoelement system to resonance-cable-receiver. Image B-mode of Ultrasound CT scanners Real-Time •Image B-mode. Diagnostic image formats B-mode generated by different types of probes. Function blocks for the processing of the image. Compression the ultrasonography scans signal downstream of the Time Gain Compensation (TGC). Effects of post-processing on contrast. Quality Control in Ultrasonography •Basic concepts. Test Object. Examples of functional verification protocols performance of Ultrasound CT scanners.
Prerequisites
The objectives of the course are aimed at deepening the design criteria of electronic array probes applied in ultrasound and introducing the basic concepts of ultrasound image quality control, i.e. Quality Assurance Test. At the end of the accademic path, the students must be able to acquire the knowledge and methodologies necessary for both the design and management of ultrasound scanner technology. The review of previous knowledge of the basic subjects is required of students at the beginning of the teaching activities and are considered essential in order to understand the contents and achieve the learning objectives of the teaching.
Books
•F. P. Branca – Fondamenti di Ingegneria Clinica. Volume 2 Ecotomografia – SPRINGER. •Lecture notes by the teacher.
Frequency
Frequency modality is optional.
Exam mode
The examination procedure is oral and provides for the verification of the topics covered in the classroom.
Lesson mode
The activities are organized in frontal exercises integrated with classroom exercises.
  • Lesson code1044515
  • Academic year2024/2025
  • CourseBiomedical Engineering
  • CurriculumRiabilitazione
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDING-IND/34
  • CFU12
  • Subject areaIngegneria biomedica