Biomedical Engineering

At first, the fundamental principles of electronic circuits at low and high frequencies and the noise issues are presented. Then, the fundamental aspects of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human body are recalled with focus on the aspects related to biomedical instrumentation. Moreover, basic knowledge of microwave circuits as well as fundamental principles of antennas for medical applications are given, together with antenna design techniques (40 h). Then some medical systems based on signal acquisition as well as image reconstruction are presented (60 h). Examples are: - digital radiography, - computed tomography (CT), - nuclear magnetic resonance – with reference to the radiofrequency elements (NMR) - single photon emission tomography (SPECT) - positron emission tomography (PET) - thermography, - microwave imaging - radar systems (Doppler radar, UWB) - RFID medical applications - clinical laboratory instrumentation Finally, some therapeutic techniques are presented (16 h) as - hyperthermia, - thermal ablation, - laser techniques The course is completed with the presentation of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), both for applications in hospital environments and in research and development stage (4 h). The course foresees also several seminars and visits to laboratories and hospitals to present the biomedical instrumentation into use and talk with the operators, and the presentation of several software for the analysis of the biomedical instrumentation as CST MW Studio, CT SIM, COMSOL, FEMLAB, etc. Note: The number of hours devoted to the different topics is only indicative, since lessons can vary from year to year according to live interactions with the students and technological developments

Basic skills in electromagnetic fields Basic skills in electronics

Notes from the teacher. The material is available on the e-learning site of Sapienza. Each year a group is organized (name and password are given in the firsts days of lessons) for easiness of communication

lectures, exercises, seminars (traditional)

The presence at the lessons is "Optional"

Oral exam with the teachers. Most often the exam consists in 2 questions, 1 for each teacher, on the different topics treated during the course. Starting from the question, different aspects can be deepened during the exam. The final mark is given by an average (not a mathematical computation) of the judgment of the two teachers. As settled for Italian university, the mark is given in thirtieths (0-30 grade); to positively complete the examination a minimum mark of 18/30 must be achieved; the maximum grade is 30/30, to which a “cum laude” can be added. To achieve the minimum mark, the students must demonstrate to have achieved a sufficient knowledge of the different topics. To gain the maximum mark, the student must demonstrate to have achieved an excellent knowledge of all topics, to be able to link them, and talk about them with the appropriate language. The dates of the examination can be found on the site of the reference professor, prof. D. Caputo

Medical Instrumentation:Application and Design, J.G. Webster, Ed. Wiley and Sons Imaging System for Medical Diagnostics, E. Krestel, Siemens Publications Laser-Tissue Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications, M.H. Niemz, Springer Ed. http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri L. Occhialini, Risonanza magnetica nucleare C Westbrook, C. Kautt, MRI in practice L.Landini, V. Positano, M. Santarelli, Advanced image processing in MRI J. G. Webster, Electrical Impedance Tomography, ed. by J. G. Webster, Adam Hilser, Bristol and New York, 1990. N. G. Genqer, M. Uzuoglu, Y, Z. Ider, Sensitivity Matrix Analysis of the Back-Projection Algorithmin Electrical Impedance Tomography, IEEE, 1992, pp. 1682-1683 F. Santosa, M. Vogelius, A backprojection algorithm for Electrical Impedance Tomography, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 216-243, Feb. 1990. D. C. Barber, A. D. Seagar, Quantification in impedance imaging, Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., Vol. 11, pp. 45-56, 1990. W. R. Breckon, M. K. Pidcock, Mathematical aspects of impedance imaging, Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., Vol. 8, Suppl. A, pp. 77-84, 1987. T. J. Yorkey, J. G. Webster, W. J. Tompkins, Comparing reconstruction algorithms for Electrical Impedance Tomography, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 34, no. 11, Nov. 1987.

lectures, exercises, seminars (traditional)

At first, the fundamental principles of electronic circuits at low and high frequencies and the noise issues are presented. Then, the fundamental aspects of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human body are recalled with focus on the aspects related to biomedical instrumentation. Moreover, basic knowledge of microwave circuits as well as fundamental principles of antennas for medical applications are given, together with antenna design techniques (40 h). Then some medical systems based on signal acquisition as well as image reconstruction are presented (60 h). Examples are: - digital radiography, - computed tomography (CT), - nuclear magnetic resonance – with reference to the radiofrequency elements (NMR) - single photon emission tomography (SPECT) - positron emission tomography (PET) - thermography, - microwave imaging - radar systems (Doppler radar, UWB) - RFID medical applications - clinical laboratory instrumentation Finally, some therapeutic techniques are presented (16 h) as - hyperthermia, - thermal ablation, - laser techniques The course is completed with the presentation of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), both for applications in hospital environments and in research and development stage (4 h). The course foresees also several seminars and visits to laboratories and hospitals to present the biomedical instrumentation into use and talk with the operators, and the presentation of several software for the analysis of the biomedical instrumentation as CST MW Studio, CT SIM, COMSOL, FEMLAB, etc. Note: The number of hours devoted to the different topics is only indicative, since lessons can vary from year to year according to live interactions with the students and technological developments

Basic skills in electromagnetic fields Basic skills in electronics

Notes from the teacher. The material is available on the e-learning site of Sapienza. Each year a group is organized (name and password are given in the firsts days of lessons) for easiness of communication

lectures, exercises, seminars (traditional)

The presence at the lessons is "Optional"

Oral exam with the teachers. Most often the exam consists in 2 questions, 1 for each teacher, on the different topics treated during the course. Starting from the question, different aspects can be deepened during the exam. The final mark is given by an average (not a mathematical computation) of the judgment of the two teachers. As settled for Italian university, the mark is given in thirtieths (0-30 grade); to positively complete the examination a minimum mark of 18/30 must be achieved; the maximum grade is 30/30, to which a “cum laude” can be added. To achieve the minimum mark, the students must demonstrate to have achieved a sufficient knowledge of the different topics. To gain the maximum mark, the student must demonstrate to have achieved an excellent knowledge of all topics, to be able to link them, and talk about them with the appropriate language. The dates of the examination can be found on the site of the reference professor, prof. D. Caputo

Medical Instrumentation:Application and Design, J.G. Webster, Ed. Wiley and Sons Imaging System for Medical Diagnostics, E. Krestel, Siemens Publications Laser-Tissue Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications, M.H. Niemz, Springer Ed. http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri L. Occhialini, Risonanza magnetica nucleare C Westbrook, C. Kautt, MRI in practice L.Landini, V. Positano, M. Santarelli, Advanced image processing in MRI J. G. Webster, Electrical Impedance Tomography, ed. by J. G. Webster, Adam Hilser, Bristol and New York, 1990. N. G. Genqer, M. Uzuoglu, Y, Z. Ider, Sensitivity Matrix Analysis of the Back-Projection Algorithmin Electrical Impedance Tomography, IEEE, 1992, pp. 1682-1683 F. Santosa, M. Vogelius, A backprojection algorithm for Electrical Impedance Tomography, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 216-243, Feb. 1990. D. C. Barber, A. D. Seagar, Quantification in impedance imaging, Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., Vol. 11, pp. 45-56, 1990. W. R. Breckon, M. K. Pidcock, Mathematical aspects of impedance imaging, Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., Vol. 8, Suppl. A, pp. 77-84, 1987. T. J. Yorkey, J. G. Webster, W. J. Tompkins, Comparing reconstruction algorithms for Electrical Impedance Tomography, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 34, no. 11, Nov. 1987.

lectures, exercises, seminars (traditional)