Telecommunication Engineering

25 hours: Electrostatics in vacuum - Electric and Potential field. Electric force; electric charge and Coulomb's law; the electric field; electrostatic field generated by some charge distribution. Gauss theorem; the first Maxwell equation; the electric potential. The electric dipole; mechanical actions on electric dipoles in an external electric field. Rotor of a vector field. The conservativeness of the electrostatic field. Systems of conductors and electrostatic field. Electrostatic field and charge distributions in conductors. Electric capacity. Capacitor systems; energy of the electrostatic field. Mechanical actions of an electrostatic nature in conductors. The general problem of electrostatics in some cases. Electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics. The dielectric constant; microscopic interpretation. Vector electric polarization (or polarization intensity). The electrostatic equations in the presence of dielectrics; The general problem of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics and boundary conditions; electrostatic energy in presence of dielectrics; Electrostatic machines. 15 hours: Direct electric current. Conductors; electric current; current density and continuity equation. Electric resistance and Ohm's law; dissipative phenomena in conductors; electromotive force and electric generators. Electrical resistance of ohmic conducting structures; DC circuits. Superconductors; methods of current measurement, voltage and resistances; charges on current carrying conductors; quasi-stationary circuits. 15 hours: Stationary magnetic phenomena in a vacuum. Lorentz force and magnetic induction vector; mechanical forces on circuits with stationary current in an external magnetic field. Magnetic field generated by stationary currents in a vacuum; properties of the magnetic induction vector in the stationary case. Vector potential. Interactions between circuits with stationary currents; Hall effect. Magnetism in matter. General introductory considerations. Magnetic polarization and its relations with microscopic currents. The fundamental equations of magnetostatics in the presence of matter and the boundary conditions for the magnetic fields; macroscopic properties of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials. Magnetic circuits, electromagnets and permanent magnets. 15 hours: Time-varying electric and magnetic fields. Third and fourth Maxwell equation. Electromagnetic induction. Faraday-Neuman law; physical interpretation of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; local form of the law of Faraday-Neumann and expression of the third Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case; self-induction and the coefficient of self-induction Mutual induction. Energy analysis of an RL circuit. Magnetic energy and mechanical forces. Electrogenerators and electric motors; the fourth Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case. 15 hours: Electromagnetic waves. Introductory considerations; some insights related to Maxwell's equations. Equation of electromagnetic waves. Plane electromagnetic waves. Spherical electromagnetic waves. Spectrum of electromagnetic waves; energy conservation and Poynting vector. Electrodynamic potentials. Lorentz Gauge. Radiation of an oscillating dipole. Classical phenomena of interaction between radiation and matter. Conditions for connecting the between two materials; reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Kinematic characteristics of the reflected wave and the refracted wave. Snell's law. Light scattering. Natural light and polarized radiation. Huygens-Fresnel principle and Kirchhoff theorem. Interference. Young's experiment. Diffraction: introductory considerations. Fraunhofer diffraction from a slit. 10 hours: Outline of Modern Physics. Superconductors. Special relativity and electromagnetism. 25 hours: Didactic laboratory experiences with written reports Measures in direct current. Measurements of an RC circuit with multi-meter. Measurements of an RC circuit with oscilloscope. Measurements of a Dc circuit by means of Thevenin. Geometric Optics.

Mathematical analysis 1 is requested as prerequisite. It is strongly suggested to take the examination of physics I before physics II. The student must know the basic concepts of mechanics of the material point and systems. The student must also know the concepts of function, derivative, integral and operations between vectors.

C. Mencuccini e V. Silvestrini, Fisica II – Elettromagnetismo – Ottica, Zanichelli

Lectures with exercises and numerical examples. For laboratory experiences, students are divided into groups of three and personally take measurements in the didactic laboratory, following the text provided by the teacher. For each experience, a written report is foreseen by the student, alone or together with his group, which he will have to take during the oral examination. In the event that, due to the pandemic emergency, it is not possible to carry out lessons in person, the course modality will be of the blended or remote type depending on the regulatory provisions.

Frequency is optional. If a student has not been able to carry out laboratory experiments for some reason, recovery days are to be arranged with the teacher.

Expected learning outcomes: Knowledge of the basic phenomena of electricity and magnetism and ability to deal with problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and simple circuits in continuous current. Knowledge of Maxwell's equations and ability to identify the underlying physical principles. Knowledge and ability to solve problems of quasi-stationary circuits with capacitors and inductors. Knowledge of the main phenomena of magnetic induction, and ability to solve simple problems related to the electric and magnetic fields varying over time. Knowledge of phenomena related to the propagation of electromagnetic fields and ability to solve problems related to reflection, refraction and interference of electromagnetic waves. Assessment tools: Written test and oral exam. The written test consists of 4 exercises and 2 theory questions. The duration of the written test is 2.5 hours. No material can be used during the written test. The oral exam consists of three questions. Among the questions of the oral exam, questions related to the laboratory experiences carried out during the course may also occur. At the oral exam the student will have to bring the reports related to the laboratory experiences he has done during the course. Assessment methods: verification of the student's ability to understand and be able to apply the fundamental laws that regulate electrical and magnetic phenomena. A typical exam consists in: verification of the degree of knowledge of Maxwell's equations and their derivation, verification of the ability to deal with and solve typical problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and exercises with simple circuits that have been carried out during the lessons, verification of the level of knowledge related to the phenomena of electromagnetic induction, both from the theoretical point of view and through simple exercises, verification of the typical phenomena of electromagnetic waves: transported power, reflection, refraction and interference. Evaluation criteria: Each exercise of the written test is worth 6 points and each theory question is worth 3 points. The written test is considered passed if the student reaches the mark of 18. Each theory question at the oral exam is worth 10 points. The final mark is an average between the written and oral test marks.

Lecture notes on measurement theory Exam exercises of previous sessions

Explanation of the theory lessons and carrying out of exercises that follow the course program on a classic blackboard, interactive white board, tablet with projection in the classroom, or through presentations.

25 hours: Electrostatics in vacuum - Electric and Potential field. Electric force; electric charge and Coulomb's law; the electric field; electrostatic field generated by some charge distribution. Gauss theorem; the first Maxwell equation; the electric potential. The electric dipole; mechanical actions on electric dipoles in an external electric field. Rotor of a vector field. The conservativeness of the electrostatic field. Systems of conductors and electrostatic field. Electrostatic field and charge distributions in conductors. Electric capacity. Capacitor systems; energy of the electrostatic field. Mechanical actions of an electrostatic nature in conductors. The general problem of electrostatics in some cases. Electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics. The dielectric constant; microscopic interpretation. Vector electric polarization (or polarization intensity). The electrostatic equations in the presence of dielectrics; The general problem of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics and boundary conditions; electrostatic energy in presence of dielectrics; Electrostatic machines. 15 hours: Direct electric current. Conductors; electric current; current density and continuity equation. Electric resistance and Ohm's law; dissipative phenomena in conductors; electromotive force and electric generators. Electrical resistance of ohmic conducting structures; DC circuits. Superconductors; methods of current measurement, voltage and resistances; charges on current carrying conductors; quasi-stationary circuits. 15 hours: Stationary magnetic phenomena in a vacuum. Lorentz force and magnetic induction vector; mechanical forces on circuits with stationary current in an external magnetic field. Magnetic field generated by stationary currents in a vacuum; properties of the magnetic induction vector in the stationary case. Vector potential. Interactions between circuits with stationary currents; Hall effect. Magnetism in matter. General introductory considerations. Magnetic polarization and its relations with microscopic currents. The fundamental equations of magnetostatics in the presence of matter and the boundary conditions for the magnetic fields; macroscopic properties of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials. Magnetic circuits, electromagnets and permanent magnets. 15 hours: Time-varying electric and magnetic fields. Third and fourth Maxwell equation. Electromagnetic induction. Faraday-Neuman law; physical interpretation of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; local form of the law of Faraday-Neumann and expression of the third Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case; self-induction and the coefficient of self-induction Mutual induction. Energy analysis of an RL circuit. Magnetic energy and mechanical forces. Electrogenerators and electric motors; the fourth Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case. 15 hours: Electromagnetic waves. Introductory considerations; some insights related to Maxwell's equations. Equation of electromagnetic waves. Plane electromagnetic waves. Spherical electromagnetic waves. Spectrum of electromagnetic waves; energy conservation and Poynting vector. Electrodynamic potentials. Lorentz Gauge. Radiation of an oscillating dipole. Classical phenomena of interaction between radiation and matter. Conditions for connecting the between two materials; reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Kinematic characteristics of the reflected wave and the refracted wave. Snell's law. Light scattering. Natural light and polarized radiation. Huygens-Fresnel principle and Kirchhoff theorem. Interference. Young's experiment. Diffraction: introductory considerations. Fraunhofer diffraction from a slit. 10 hours: Outline of Modern Physics. Superconductors. Special relativity and electromagnetism. 25 hours: Didactic laboratory experiences with written reports Measures in direct current. Measurements of an RC circuit with multi-meter. Measurements of an RC circuit with oscilloscope. Measurements of a Dc circuit by means of Thevenin. Geometric Optics.

Mathematical analysis 1 is requested as prerequisite. It is strongly suggested to take the examination of physics I before physics II. The student must know the basic concepts of mechanics of the material point and systems. The student must also know the concepts of function, derivative, integral and operations between vectors.

C. Mencuccini e V. Silvestrini, Fisica II – Elettromagnetismo – Ottica, Zanichelli

Lectures with exercises and numerical examples. For laboratory experiences, students are divided into groups of three and personally take measurements in the didactic laboratory, following the text provided by the teacher. For each experience, a written report is foreseen by the student, alone or together with his group, which he will have to take during the oral examination. In the event that, due to the pandemic emergency, it is not possible to carry out lessons in person, the course modality will be of the blended or remote type depending on the regulatory provisions.

Frequency is optional. If a student has not been able to carry out laboratory experiments for some reason, recovery days are to be arranged with the teacher.

Expected learning outcomes: Knowledge of the basic phenomena of electricity and magnetism and ability to deal with problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and simple circuits in continuous current. Knowledge of Maxwell's equations and ability to identify the underlying physical principles. Knowledge and ability to solve problems of quasi-stationary circuits with capacitors and inductors. Knowledge of the main phenomena of magnetic induction, and ability to solve simple problems related to the electric and magnetic fields varying over time. Knowledge of phenomena related to the propagation of electromagnetic fields and ability to solve problems related to reflection, refraction and interference of electromagnetic waves. Assessment tools: Written test and oral exam. The written test consists of 4 exercises and 2 theory questions. The duration of the written test is 2.5 hours. No material can be used during the written test. The oral exam consists of three questions. Among the questions of the oral exam, questions related to the laboratory experiences carried out during the course may also occur. At the oral exam the student will have to bring the reports related to the laboratory experiences he has done during the course. Assessment methods: verification of the student's ability to understand and be able to apply the fundamental laws that regulate electrical and magnetic phenomena. A typical exam consists in: verification of the degree of knowledge of Maxwell's equations and their derivation, verification of the ability to deal with and solve typical problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and exercises with simple circuits that have been carried out during the lessons, verification of the level of knowledge related to the phenomena of electromagnetic induction, both from the theoretical point of view and through simple exercises, verification of the typical phenomena of electromagnetic waves: transported power, reflection, refraction and interference. Evaluation criteria: Each exercise of the written test is worth 6 points and each theory question is worth 3 points. The written test is considered passed if the student reaches the mark of 18. Each theory question at the oral exam is worth 10 points. The final mark is an average between the written and oral test marks.

Lecture notes on measurement theory Exam exercises of previous sessions

Explanation of the theory lessons and carrying out of exercises that follow the course program on a classic blackboard, interactive white board, tablet with projection in the classroom, or through presentations.

25 hours: Electrostatics in vacuum - Electric and Potential field. Electric force; electric charge and Coulomb's law; the electric field; electrostatic field generated by some charge distribution. Gauss theorem; the first Maxwell equation; the electric potential. The electric dipole; mechanical actions on electric dipoles in an external electric field. Rotor of a vector field. The conservativeness of the electrostatic field. Systems of conductors and electrostatic field. Electrostatic field and charge distributions in conductors. Electric capacity. Capacitor systems; energy of the electrostatic field. Mechanical actions of an electrostatic nature in conductors. The general problem of electrostatics in some cases. Electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics. The dielectric constant; microscopic interpretation. Vector electric polarization (or polarization intensity). The electrostatic equations in the presence of dielectrics; The general problem of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics and boundary conditions; electrostatic energy in presence of dielectrics; Electrostatic machines. 15 hours: Direct electric current. Conductors; electric current; current density and continuity equation. Electric resistance and Ohm's law; dissipative phenomena in conductors; electromotive force and electric generators. Electrical resistance of ohmic conducting structures; DC circuits. Superconductors; methods of current measurement, voltage and resistances; charges on current carrying conductors; quasi-stationary circuits. 15 hours: Stationary magnetic phenomena in a vacuum. Lorentz force and magnetic induction vector; mechanical forces on circuits with stationary current in an external magnetic field. Magnetic field generated by stationary currents in a vacuum; properties of the magnetic induction vector in the stationary case. Vector potential. Interactions between circuits with stationary currents; Hall effect. Magnetism in matter. General introductory considerations. Magnetic polarization and its relations with microscopic currents. The fundamental equations of magnetostatics in the presence of matter and the boundary conditions for the magnetic fields; macroscopic properties of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials. Magnetic circuits, electromagnets and permanent magnets. 15 hours: Time-varying electric and magnetic fields. Third and fourth Maxwell equation. Electromagnetic induction. Faraday-Neuman law; physical interpretation of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; local form of the law of Faraday-Neumann and expression of the third Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case; self-induction and the coefficient of self-induction Mutual induction. Energy analysis of an RL circuit. Magnetic energy and mechanical forces. Electrogenerators and electric motors; the fourth Maxwell equation in the non-stationary case. 15 hours: Electromagnetic waves. Introductory considerations; some insights related to Maxwell's equations. Equation of electromagnetic waves. Plane electromagnetic waves. Spherical electromagnetic waves. Spectrum of electromagnetic waves; energy conservation and Poynting vector. Electrodynamic potentials. Lorentz Gauge. Radiation of an oscillating dipole. Classical phenomena of interaction between radiation and matter. Conditions for connecting the between two materials; reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Kinematic characteristics of the reflected wave and the refracted wave. Snell's law. Light scattering. Natural light and polarized radiation. Huygens-Fresnel principle and Kirchhoff theorem. Interference. Young's experiment. Diffraction: introductory considerations. Fraunhofer diffraction from a slit. 10 hours: Outline of Modern Physics. Superconductors. Special relativity and electromagnetism. 25 hours: Didactic laboratory experiences with written reports Measures in direct current. Measurements of an RC circuit with multi-meter. Measurements of an RC circuit with oscilloscope. Measurements of a Dc circuit by means of Thevenin. Geometric Optics.

Mathematical analysis 1 is requested as prerequisite. It is strongly suggested to take the examination of physics I before physics II. The student must know the basic concepts of mechanics of the material point and systems. The student must also know the concepts of function, derivative, integral and operations between vectors.

C. Mencuccini e V. Silvestrini, Fisica II – Elettromagnetismo – Ottica, Zanichelli

Lectures with exercises and numerical examples. For laboratory experiences, students are divided into groups of three and personally take measurements in the didactic laboratory, following the text provided by the teacher. For each experience, a written report is foreseen by the student, alone or together with his group, which he will have to take during the oral examination. In the event that, due to the pandemic emergency, it is not possible to carry out lessons in person, the course modality will be of the blended or remote type depending on the regulatory provisions.

Frequency is optional. If a student has not been able to carry out laboratory experiments for some reason, recovery days are to be arranged with the teacher.

Expected learning outcomes: Knowledge of the basic phenomena of electricity and magnetism and ability to deal with problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and simple circuits in continuous current. Knowledge of Maxwell's equations and ability to identify the underlying physical principles. Knowledge and ability to solve problems of quasi-stationary circuits with capacitors and inductors. Knowledge of the main phenomena of magnetic induction, and ability to solve simple problems related to the electric and magnetic fields varying over time. Knowledge of phenomena related to the propagation of electromagnetic fields and ability to solve problems related to reflection, refraction and interference of electromagnetic waves. Assessment tools: Written test and oral exam. The written test consists of 4 exercises and 2 theory questions. The duration of the written test is 2.5 hours. No material can be used during the written test. The oral exam consists of three questions. Among the questions of the oral exam, questions related to the laboratory experiences carried out during the course may also occur. At the oral exam the student will have to bring the reports related to the laboratory experiences he has done during the course. Assessment methods: verification of the student's ability to understand and be able to apply the fundamental laws that regulate electrical and magnetic phenomena. A typical exam consists in: verification of the degree of knowledge of Maxwell's equations and their derivation, verification of the ability to deal with and solve typical problems of electrostatics and magnetostatics and exercises with simple circuits that have been carried out during the lessons, verification of the level of knowledge related to the phenomena of electromagnetic induction, both from the theoretical point of view and through simple exercises, verification of the typical phenomena of electromagnetic waves: transported power, reflection, refraction and interference. Evaluation criteria: Each exercise of the written test is worth 6 points and each theory question is worth 3 points. The written test is considered passed if the student reaches the mark of 18. Each theory question at the oral exam is worth 10 points. The final mark is an average between the written and oral test marks.

Lecture notes on measurement theory Exam exercises of previous sessions

Explanation of the theory lessons and carrying out of exercises that follow the course program on a classic blackboard, interactive white board, tablet with projection in the classroom, or through presentations.