THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

Course objectives

The purpose of the course is to introduce the concepts of mathematical modeling and the main methods for the study of dynamic systems, with particular reference to the class of linear and stationary systems, both continuous-time and discrete-time. The students, at the end of the course, will have acquired sufficient knowledge about the modeling of physical systems from different fields (electrical, mechanical, electronic, economic, environmental, management, etc.), with particular reference to linear cases and to linear approximation of nonlinear systems, their dynamic analysis, with characterization of the free and forced evolutions, the input-output relationships and the types of behavior, the structural properties for the analysis of input-state-output relations, stability. They will be able to derive the mathematical model of physical systems from different disciplines (electrical, mechanical, electronic, economic, environmental, management, etc.) in the representation with the state space or an input-output relationship; they will be able to analyze the dynamic characteristics, determining their behavior as a function of the inputs and initial conditions; they will study its stability; will be able to obtain information on the behavior of the system, make predictions, identify parameters, improving the knowledge of the modeled system.

Channel 1
EMANUELE DE SANTIS Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Oriented dynamical systems and representations with state: from phenomenon, to model, to abstract system. Concept of causal dynamical system and their representations: linear, stationary, finite-dimensional systems; implicit and explicit representation; decomposition of response into free and forced; transition matrix and impulsive response matrix and their properties. Time domain analysis. Natural modes in the free state evolution for regular representations; laws of motion and trajectories of natural modes; natural modes in the forced response in the state and output and their properties (excitability and observability). Analysis in the domain of the complex variable The Laplace transform for the analysis of continuous-time systems; the Z transform for the analysis of discrete-time systems. The transfer function and its representations. The forced response as a model of the system: the indical response and gain. Input-output models and representations with the state. The problem of realization and calculation of representations in state space from input-output models. Realizations in attainable and observable canonical form. Minimal realizations: Gilbert's method; hints at realization by reduction methods. Elements of stability theory. Hints at stability of equilibrium points of dynamical systems. Definition of stability for linear systems; conditions and criteria. Internal stability: Routh's criterion for continuous-time systems. External stability in linear representations: conditions; links between external and internal stability. Analysis of frequency behavior. The permanent regime and the transient regime; the permanent response to canonical inputs. Graphical representations of the harmonic response. The harmonic response. The representation of the transfer function. Bode and polar diagrams. Significant parameters of the modulus of harmonic response and index response; link between time and frequency behavior. Elements of the study of structural properties. Reachability (controllability) and observability; composition with respect to them; Kalman decomposition and internal structure of the system; link with excitability and observability of modes.
Prerequisites
Geometry, Mathematical Analysis I, General Physics.
Books
S. Monaco, C. Califano, P. Di Giamberardino e M. Mattioni, Teoria dei Sistemi Lineari Stazionari a Dimensione Finita. Ed. Esculapio, 2021. C. Gori Giorgi, S. Monaco, S. Battilotti e S. Di Gennaro, Esercizi e complementi di teoria dei sistemi, Ed. La Goliardica.
Frequency
Attendance in the classroom is not mandatory, but strongly recommended. Students cannot attend remotely.
Exam mode
The examination comprises of a written and an oral test (to be done during the same session), as well as an intermediate evaluation test.
Bibliography
T. Kailath, Linear Systems, SIAM M. Basso, L. Chisci, P. Falugi, Fondamenti di Automatica, Città Studi Edizioni A. Giua, C. Seatzu, Analisi dei sistemi dinamici, Springer
Lesson mode
Lectures for theory and exercises for practice.
EMANUELE DE SANTIS Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Oriented dynamical systems and representations with state: from phenomenon, to model, to abstract system. Concept of causal dynamical system and their representations: linear, stationary, finite-dimensional systems; implicit and explicit representation; decomposition of response into free and forced; transition matrix and impulsive response matrix and their properties. Time domain analysis. Natural modes in the free state evolution for regular representations; laws of motion and trajectories of natural modes; natural modes in the forced response in the state and output and their properties (excitability and observability). Analysis in the domain of the complex variable The Laplace transform for the analysis of continuous-time systems; the Z transform for the analysis of discrete-time systems. The transfer function and its representations. The forced response as a model of the system: the indical response and gain. Input-output models and representations with the state. The problem of realization and calculation of representations in state space from input-output models. Realizations in attainable and observable canonical form. Minimal realizations: Gilbert's method; hints at realization by reduction methods. Elements of stability theory. Hints at stability of equilibrium points of dynamical systems. Definition of stability for linear systems; conditions and criteria. Internal stability: Routh's criterion for continuous-time systems. External stability in linear representations: conditions; links between external and internal stability. Analysis of frequency behavior. The permanent regime and the transient regime; the permanent response to canonical inputs. Graphical representations of the harmonic response. The harmonic response. The representation of the transfer function. Bode and polar diagrams. Significant parameters of the modulus of harmonic response and index response; link between time and frequency behavior. Elements of the study of structural properties. Reachability (controllability) and observability; composition with respect to them; Kalman decomposition and internal structure of the system; link with excitability and observability of modes.
Prerequisites
Geometry, Mathematical Analysis I, General Physics.
Books
S. Monaco, C. Califano, P. Di Giamberardino e M. Mattioni, Teoria dei Sistemi Lineari Stazionari a Dimensione Finita. Ed. Esculapio, 2021. C. Gori Giorgi, S. Monaco, S. Battilotti e S. Di Gennaro, Esercizi e complementi di teoria dei sistemi, Ed. La Goliardica.
Frequency
Attendance in the classroom is not mandatory, but strongly recommended. Students cannot attend remotely.
Exam mode
The examination comprises of a written and an oral test (to be done during the same session), as well as an intermediate evaluation test.
Bibliography
T. Kailath, Linear Systems, SIAM M. Basso, L. Chisci, P. Falugi, Fondamenti di Automatica, Città Studi Edizioni A. Giua, C. Seatzu, Analisi dei sistemi dinamici, Springer
Lesson mode
Lectures for theory and exercises for practice.
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CourseInformation Engineering
  • CurriculumInformatica
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDING-INF/04
  • CFU6