MEDICAL ROBOTICS

Course objectives

General objectives Introduction to the basic robotic technologies in the medical context, with particular emphasis on surgical robotics. Expected learning results: Knowledge of the main robotic surgical systems, of the challenges and methodologies of medical robot design and control. Specific objectives Knowledge and understanding The student will learn: to critically read articles that describe the main technologies involved in medical robotics; to discuss in detail the state of the art of robotic applications in medicine; how to approach the design of robot-assisted medical systems; robot modeling and control methodologies needed in the development of medical robotic systems. Apply knowledge and understanding The student will be able to design new robotic technologies for medical applications. In particular, he/she will be able to develop robotic simulation systems, to analyze, to model and to design control schemes for teleoperated medical robots and for the execution of tasks shared between humans and robots. Critical and judgment skills The student will be able to estimate the potential benefits deriving from the introduction of robotic support in a medical procedure and to evaluate the clinical, social and economic constraints in the implementation of robotic technology in a medical sector. Communication skills: The student will learn to communicate and collaborate with people of different backgrounds. Learning ability The student will be able to independently learn new concepts useful for the design and development of new technologies for medical applications.

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MARILENA VENDITTELLI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Course contents vary on a yearly basis. The list reported below includes the core topics treated during the course. Introduction to the course Historical perspective and surgical systems overview Classification of surgical systems supported by robots Kinematic design of medical robots Control Control modalities of medical robots vs their domain of use Physical interaction control: basic principles and case studies Shared control and virtual fixtures Virtual fixtures: examples of application Constrained manipulation and constrained targeting: task control with Remote Center of Motion (RCM) constraint Teleoperation 1: general principles Teleoperation 2: the 4-channel architecture, transparency and stability Visual servoing: concept and mathematical formulation for monocular cameras Visual servoing for medical procedures assisted by robots Principles of medical imaging (ultrasound, TC, MR) Applications of visual servoing autonomous retrieval and positioning of surgical tools 3D ultrasound-guided needle steering Optimization of Ultrasound Image Quality via Visual Servoing Automatic Tracking of an Organ Section with US Haptics Introduction to haptics Haptic rendering Case study: needle-tissue interaction force identification and haptic rendering in teleoperated needle insertion Robot registration Introduction and formulation of the problem Case study: robot registration in a robot-assisted superficial hyperthermia system Exoskeletons and biomechanics of walking Exoskeletons: introductory concepts and examples Human gait analysis Case study: comparative gait analysis on twins for childrens affected by celebral palsy Simulation tools the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) kinematic simulator the dVRK dynamic simulator visuo-haptic interaction with virtual patients Safety General concepts Synthetic description of the IEC 80601-2-77 (safety of robotically assisted surgical equipment and systems) European Regulation on Medical Devices The AI act and the healthcare technologies Integration of AI methods Temperature estimation of internal body targets from superficial measurements Simulation of deformable structures Hands-on sessions decided yearly
Prerequisites
Control of linear dynamic systems.
Books
Scientific papers and slides prepared by the instructor.
Teaching mode
Traditional lectures illustrate the methodological bases of the course topics. The application of the methodologies is illustrated through case studies and the nalysis of systems in use in clinical practice. Multiple choice tests are periodically proposed in the Sapienza e-learning environment for a quick check of the acquired knowledge.
Frequency
Not mandatory.
Exam mode
The exam consists in the preparation of a project in groups of three students or, in alternative, in a written exam and an oral discussion. The project usually requires programming work.
Lesson mode
Traditional lectures illustrate the methodological bases of the course topics. The application of the methodologies is illustrated through case studies and the nalysis of systems in use in clinical practice. Multiple choice tests are periodically proposed in the Sapienza e-learning environment for a quick check of the acquired knowledge.
MARILENA VENDITTELLI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Course contents vary on a yearly basis. The list reported below includes the core topics treated during the course. Introduction to the course Historical perspective and surgical systems overview Classification of surgical systems supported by robots Kinematic design of medical robots Control Control modalities of medical robots vs their domain of use Physical interaction control: basic principles and case studies Shared control and virtual fixtures Virtual fixtures: examples of application Constrained manipulation and constrained targeting: task control with Remote Center of Motion (RCM) constraint Teleoperation 1: general principles Teleoperation 2: the 4-channel architecture, transparency and stability Visual servoing: concept and mathematical formulation for monocular cameras Visual servoing for medical procedures assisted by robots Principles of medical imaging (ultrasound, TC, MR) Applications of visual servoing autonomous retrieval and positioning of surgical tools 3D ultrasound-guided needle steering Optimization of Ultrasound Image Quality via Visual Servoing Automatic Tracking of an Organ Section with US Haptics Introduction to haptics Haptic rendering Case study: needle-tissue interaction force identification and haptic rendering in teleoperated needle insertion Robot registration Introduction and formulation of the problem Case study: robot registration in a robot-assisted superficial hyperthermia system Exoskeletons and biomechanics of walking Exoskeletons: introductory concepts and examples Human gait analysis Case study: comparative gait analysis on twins for childrens affected by celebral palsy Simulation tools the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) kinematic simulator the dVRK dynamic simulator visuo-haptic interaction with virtual patients Safety General concepts Synthetic description of the IEC 80601-2-77 (safety of robotically assisted surgical equipment and systems) European Regulation on Medical Devices The AI act and the healthcare technologies Integration of AI methods Temperature estimation of internal body targets from superficial measurements Simulation of deformable structures Hands-on sessions decided yearly
Prerequisites
Control of linear dynamic systems.
Books
Scientific papers and slides prepared by the instructor.
Teaching mode
Traditional lectures illustrate the methodological bases of the course topics. The application of the methodologies is illustrated through case studies and the nalysis of systems in use in clinical practice. Multiple choice tests are periodically proposed in the Sapienza e-learning environment for a quick check of the acquired knowledge.
Frequency
Not mandatory.
Exam mode
The exam consists in the preparation of a project in groups of three students or, in alternative, in a written exam and an oral discussion. The project usually requires programming work.
Lesson mode
Traditional lectures illustrate the methodological bases of the course topics. The application of the methodologies is illustrated through case studies and the nalysis of systems in use in clinical practice. Multiple choice tests are periodically proposed in the Sapienza e-learning environment for a quick check of the acquired knowledge.
  • Lesson code1022863
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CourseControl Engineering
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year1st year
  • Semester2nd semester
  • SSDING-INF/04
  • CFU6