Electronics Engineering

The course program includes an initial presentation of georeferential GIS systems using the Terrapack GIS program and ongoing testing. Exercises and tests will then be conducted using Matlab. Embedded systems will then be explored, along with ongoing testing using Arduino and its programming language. The course will conclude with the topics of transceiver and low-power network protocols such as ZigBee, and the use of RF devices such as XBee.

Electronics, technics for solving electronic circuits RF and base band , important Electrical communications, communication protocols, important

Supplementary material (course slides / slides, articles) available on the website: https://elearning.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=15245 Recommended books: - GIS • Emanuela Caiaffa, “ECDL GIS - La rappresentazione cartografica e i fondamenti del GIS”, McGraw-Hill Education (Italy) - Web services – client-server – SOA- restful - IoT • Jeam-Philippe Vasseur, Adam Dunkels, “Interconnecting smart objects with IP”, ed. MK • Reti client –server : Pier Calderan, “Reti domestiche. La guida tascabile per creare reti su misura aggiornata a Windows 10”, ed. Apogeo • SOA: Fantuzzi Nestore Paolo, “ Introduzione alle SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)”, ed. Hoepli - Cartographic projections • NASA, G.Projector — Global Map Projector, http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/gprojector • John P. Snyder, “Maps Projections – A working manual”, ed. U.S. Geological survey professional paper 1395 - WSN • Matthijs Kooijman, “ Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino”, Packt – Open source community -2015 • Robert Faludi, “Building Wireless Sensor Networks: with ZigBee, XBee, Arduino, and Processing”, O'Reilly Media, Inc - Radio-link design • ITU (International Communication Union): Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference - Antenna design • John D. Kraus, “Antennas”, ed. McGraw-Hill - Harvesting • Shashank Priya, Daniel J. Inman, “Energy Harvesting Technologies”, ed. Springer Science & Business Media Bibliografia di riferimento Web services – client-server – SOA- restful - IoT • The Java EE 6 Tutorial – Part III Web services: https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/gijti.html • http://www.html.it/guide/restful-web-services-la-guida/ - Proiezioni cartografiche • NASA, G.Projector — Global Map Projector, http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/gprojector - Matlab • Sito web MatWorks (help on line) - Pompe di carica e convertitori DC-DC • J. Picard, “Under the Hood of Flyback SMPS Designs”, http://www.ti.com/lit/ml/slup254/slup254.pdf , https://www.ti.com/seclit/ml/s

Attendance is in presence. It is optional, but highly recommended. • Use of e-learning platform for distribution of educational material.

Exam with evaluation in thirtieths Examinations are planned with laboratory activities (software codes generation, firmware, tools, hardware prototypes of WSN,…) with an overall evaluation (max 5) that takes into account the progress of learning. Alternatively, the assessment is done by a written test (2h of duration) regarding the resolution of technical problems and of designs (weight of evaluation 50%), and by an oral test of learning verification and reasoning ability (weight of evaluation 50%).

ENG • Frontal lessons. • Laboratory activities that use electronic prototype development boards (Arduino / Genuino, ...) • Exercises with the aid of software development program (MathWorks,…) for generating codes and programming firmware, together with the design of interactive tools in GIS environment. • Use of e-learning platform for distribution of educational material. Lessons will take place in presence. The student reception is in presence.

(For more details on the lessons calendar, see the dedicated course website) The course deals with the topic of electronic systems architecture for the measurement, control and management of environmental parameters, such as networks of intelligent nodes, interconnected and operating in a correlated and cooperating way. As a premise of the course, the method of representing the territory and the related cartographic projection techniques are described, suitable for managing georeferenced data through the territorial information systems (GIS). The structure of a GIS is examined and applications (on an algorithmic basis) for the representation of measured data and the evolution of events, also predicted, are carried out, to be included as system tools. Environmental monitoring is then addressed with distributed sensor networks, interfaced with the territorial management system, using current communication standards and functional to the size of the area. WSN networks and smart objects based on IP and non-IP. The course completes the discussion of WSN networks by examining communication issues and energy efficiency / autonomy. In particular, for low consumption systems, the opportunity to recover energy from the environment surrounding the sensor is presented for its conversion into electricity and precisely the energy autonomy of the sensor node: harvesting techniques with the associate DC-DC converters such as boost converter, flyback, … The course topics are fully developed in the course slides, distributed during the lessons as teaching materials. Week 1 Introduction at the course. Teaching activities in the semester: lessons, laboratory, exam procedures. Summary of the main topics covered in the course. Web references and ways of interacting. Definition of systems of systems. Operations room and process organization: consequences on the system of the system design. Introduction to acquisition systems: from satellite / airplane / drones and from sensors distributed over the territory. Description of operating room. Distribution of the software to be used in the tutorials and installation. Week 2 Example of monitoring and management of a forest fire front. Interoperability concept. DII (Defense Information Infrastructures). Distributed sensors and power supply problems, harvesting and scavenging techniques (cantilever, MFC, ...). Notes on harvesting technologies and on the reduced voltages and currents generated: example of a solar cell with voltage limitation at the threshold limit. Solar panels with series and parallel connections of the cells. Relocation. Value added concept. Basic structure of a sensor node and overview of wireless communication standards (IEEE standard protocols). Description of the functionalities and technical setting of the software to be used in the tutorials. Introduction to the use of the SIT. Use of GIS: configurations, scenarios, workspaces, basic tools, work area selection, operating sectors. Exercise using GIS: optics, profiles, gravimetric profiles, configurations, scenarios, workspaces, basic tools. Week 3 Insights on representation of the territory. Laboratory activities: exercise on territorial path, optical visibility and optimization of observation points. Week 4 Geodesic and geocentric reference ellipsoids, datum. Main directions and sections of surfaces. Applicable surfaces and osculating spheres. Compliant projections, Gauss, Gauss-Boaga, Mercator, Lambert. Continuation of compliant projections, Gauss, Gauss-Boaga, Mercatore, Lambert. Structures and data formats. Use in GIS. Data structures oriented to use in SITs. Introduction to the basic i-o functions of MatLab and first programming specifications. Proposed exercise: acquisition of measurement data from file, decoding and representation using i-o masks. Week 5 GUI in MatLab - Deepening of the functions and data formats used in i-o masks. Judgment decoding functions. Realization of matlab programs, which allow with an input-output mask of a) Being able to select the data file; b) View the coordinates of the stations in the file in UTM format; c) Choose and draw the hourly trend of the valid Temperature and parameter B data of one of the stations in the two plot and stem formats. MatLab programming of i-o functions: decoding data from ascii files, use of GUI to create dialog boxes. Types of data functional to applications, tools in GIS. Scattered point data, data associated with sequential addressing, sequential with associated database, with almost direct and direct addressing. Data sharing and interoperability. Standard formats: matrix, raster, shape files. Formatting preferences based on applications. MatLab programming completion of i-o functions: decoding data from ascii files, use of GUI to create dialog boxes. Week 6 Creation of spread charts (time-value size). Scattered points and triangulation of Delaunay. Data structures: hierarchical, reticular, relational, object oriented, semantic. Resolutions, representation of data and thematic maps, static and dynamic data. Management languages, queries. NMEA code 0813. Accuracy and precision of GPS measurements. Accuracy / accuracy data: CEP, DRMS, 2DRMS, R95. Laboratory activities: acquisition of territorial data (scattered data), in particular data acquisition from serial port. Use of Arduino boards to acquire GPS data encoded with NMEA 0183 protocol and territorial parameters. Creation of a regular grid data base. Exercise with MatLab I / O functions. Decoding of sensor node data, georeferencing and node triangulation. 3D representation of the data, georeferenced (UTM). Software development for overlapping a path and tracing superimposed on a 3D surface. Week 7 Smart interconnected nodes. The WSN subset and communication standards. Internet as a system of the system. Network architectures. Layered architecture OSI and the Internet. Comparison between centralized, decentralized system and distributed network. Physical network and logical network. Client / Server Levels, Web Technology. Time as a fourth dimension. Its role, also from the point of view of packet transfer. The Sit in the layered architecture (Client / Server layer and web-Technologies layer): high computational performance (Client / Server), interface efficiency (Web Technology). Laboratory activities: creation of a simulator, tools that calculate the radiation dose equivalent amount absorbed along a route traveled at constant speed from the scattered data and establish the danger of the event. Week 8 Service oriented architectures. (SOA). Interoperability at the level of data, applications and systems. Use of API (Application Programming Interface). Accessibility, resilience, capacity of SOA and architectures based on Data grid and Cluster caching. Cloud Computing, an SOA-based architecture. Cloud Computing models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. Topological and georeferenced networks: Concept of node (sensor, input, output, communication, transit, sorting). Pictorial representation and invariant functionality of a SIT. Reuse of services: SOA. Processing of data for the realization of georeferenced maps aimed at creating proprietary backgrounds. Tools with Shape file and generation of derived maps such as representation of selected / coded parameters. Exercise with the production of Matlab codes for the management of georeferenced images and territorial data extractions, e.g. of land use. Week 9 Tutorial: creation of backgrounds (creation of .geo files and bank of backgrounds). Creation of shp data with dbf associated in GIS and their updating with the realization of Matlab codes. Monitoring techniques: Remote sensing from satellite, from aircraft, using sensors distributed over the territory (WSN). Spectral and geometric characteristics of the sensors. Examples of aerial and satellite platforms. Network of sensors. Smart objects, IoT WSN: Wireless communication nodes: compromise number of nodes, monitoring coverage, communication efficiency. Smart objects and web services: protocols for the transfer of the state representation (REST). From Pachube platforms to Google Cloud. IP and non-IP based communication standards: IPSO Alliance and Zwave and Zigbee communication protocols. In-depth analysis on the architecture of the Zigbee communication protocol: bands and number of channels used, modulations, energy detection, LQI (Link Quallity Indication), access control to the CSMA-CA transmission channel (Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance), Guaranteed Time Slots, figures of merit of communication. Architecture: PAN coordinator, router and end devices. Network topologies: star and mesh. Brodcast and unicast communications. CSMA-CA with beacon and no-beacon. Reset: soft, half reset and full reset. Compare with newer and better WiFi tranceivers. Week 10 Description of hardware and software with Arduino / Genuino boards. Basic sketch programming. Arduino libraries. Xbee tranceiver and management software. Example of design of sensor node with communication node. WSN - Introduction to designing with Arduino / Genuino. Xbee-Digi: Design of a sensor Node that detects environmental parameters and receiver node in communication via Xbee transceiver. Design of emergency management systems: problems of wireless connections - forecasting models of electromagnetic propagation, statistical and deterministic (ITU Recommendations, territorial modeling for knife blade diffraction - Fresnel). Design of the radiant system in transmission using the GIS tools: ITU qualification of the workstation site, antenna design using commercial panels that take into account the orography and the objectives to be achieved. Design of emergency management systems: problems of wireless connections - design of antennas using GIS. Week 11 Energy harvesting and scavenging: energy autonomy of detection systems: low consumption and energy recovery systems. Harvesting technologies (scavenging) and considerations on reduced voltages and currents generated. Opportunity to use step-up, step-down, flyback DC-DC converters, etc. Increased degree of freedom on sensor positioning. Sustainability. Charge pump design techniques. Design techniques: Boost converter, step-up converter, flyback converts. Week 12 Continuation of design techniques: Boost converter, step-up converter, flyback converter. Tutorial: DC-DC converter design 3.3 Vdc -12 VdCc with LT3461A of Linear Technology. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES • Design of interactive tools in a GIS environment and by means of MatLab development environment. • Techniques for designing WSN / Smart Objects for the management and visualization integrated in a control room by using of development boards (Arduino/Genuino,…) • Experience of designing sensor network and transceivers (Arduino+Xbee, …). • Experiments on a harvesting technique (MFC microbial fuel cell, vibrational …).

Electronics, technics for solving electronic circuits RF and base band , important Electrical communications, communication protocols, important

Supplementary material (course slides / slides, articles) available on the website: https://elearning.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=15245 Recommended books: - GIS • Emanuela Caiaffa, “ECDL GIS - La rappresentazione cartografica e i fondamenti del GIS”, McGraw-Hill Education (Italy) - Web services – client-server – SOA- restful - IoT • Jeam-Philippe Vasseur, Adam Dunkels, “Interconnecting smart objects with IP”, ed. MK • Reti client –server : Pier Calderan, “Reti domestiche. La guida tascabile per creare reti su misura aggiornata a Windows 10”, ed. Apogeo • SOA: Fantuzzi Nestore Paolo, “ Introduzione alle SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)”, ed. Hoepli - Cartographic projections • NASA, G.Projector — Global Map Projector, http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/gprojector • John P. Snyder, “Maps Projections – A working manual”, ed. U.S. Geological survey professional paper 1395 - WSN • Matthijs Kooijman, “ Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino”, Packt – Open source community -2015 • Robert Faludi, “Building Wireless Sensor Networks: with ZigBee, XBee, Arduino, and Processing”, O'Reilly Media, Inc - Radio-link design • ITU (International Communication Union): Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference - Antenna design • John D. Kraus, “Antennas”, ed. McGraw-Hill - Harvesting • Shashank Priya, Daniel J. Inman, “Energy Harvesting Technologies”, ed. Springer Science & Business Media

Attendance is in presence- It is optional, but highly recommended.

Exam with evaluation in thirtieths Examinations are planned with laboratory activities (software codes generation, firmware, tools, hardware prototypes of WSN,…) with an overall evaluation (max 5) that takes into account the progress of learning. Alternatively, the assessment is done by a written test (2h of duration) regarding the resolution of technical problems and of designs (weight of evaluation 50%), and by an oral test of learning verification and reasoning ability (weight of evaluation 50%).

• Frontal lessons. • Laboratory activities that use electronic prototype development boards (Arduino / Genuino, ...) • Exercises with the aid of software development program (MathWorks,…) for generating codes and programming firmware, together with the design of interactive tools in GIS environment. • Use of e-learning platform for distribution of educational material. Lessons will take place in presence. The student reception is in presence.