Medicine and Surgery

Overview about methods in histology; general principles of tissue preparation and staining; light and electron microcopy. -Cell aggregation. the concept of tissue, organ and system. Tissue renewal; stem cells and the kinetics of cell populations. -Epithelial tissues. cell polarity, cytoskeleton, membrane specializations; histogenesis, histological organization and classification of epithelial tissues. Lining epithelia: generalities and histological structure of epidermis, digestive, respiratory, and urogenital epithelia. Glands: histogenesis and structure of major exocrine and endocrine glands (pancreas, liver, prostate, salivary, mammary, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal). -Connective tissues. General structure and functions of connective tissue; extracellular matrix, fibers, ground substance and cells. -Cartilage. Types of cartilage; chondrogenesis and cartilage growth. -Bone. Bone architecture and functions. Osteogenesis; bone remodeling and homeostasis . -Blood: plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. Hemopoiesis. -Immune system and organs, including the histological structure of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. -Muscle tissues: morphology and functional characteristics of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. -Nervous tissue. Histogenesis, general organization, morphofunctional relationships. Cells of the nervous system. Neuron types and their morphology. Nerve fibers. Synapses. Neuroglia. Peripheral nerve terminals. -Cellular and molecular mechanisms of homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Stem cells and tissue niche. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT -The Methods of experimental embryology. -Morphogenesis and molecular processes. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of tissues, organs and apparatuses. -Gametogenesis: Gonads, meiosis, gametogenesis and fertilization. In vitro fertilization. -Early stages of the embryo development. Segmentation. Morula. Blastocyst and implantation. The embryonic disk. -Timing and 3D formation of primitive layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. -The notochord and its role in embryo development. Embryonic folding and definition of body cavities -Placenta. Embryo annexes. Morphogenetic mechanisms. -Interactions between primitive layers and initial organogenesis -Clinical correlations THE BASICS OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Stem cells. Origin and classification of stem cells: Embryonic and adult stem cells. Generation and properties of pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Plasticity and therapeutic potential of stem cells.

Knowledge of cell biology

V. Monesi, Istologia, VII Edizione, Piccin Editore , 2018 De Felici M. et al. Embriologia Umana, morfogenesi, processi molecolari e aspetti clinici. Piccin editore, edition 2020 Atlante di Istologia con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche. Dongmei Cui – Piccin Editore Istologia. Testo e Atlante. Con elementi di biologia cellulare e molecolare. Michael H. Ross – Seconda edizione – Casa Editrice Ambrosiana ISTOLOGIA – Junquiera (PICCIN) Atlante a Colori e Testo di ISTOLOGIA di L.P. Gartner e J.L. Hiatt (PICCIN) Istologia ed Anatomia Microscopica – Wheater (Edra) Istologia medica maraldi Tacchetti edi-ermes

The course is delivered according to the following teaching methods: classroom lectures / distance learning activities. The student can find all the information and details of the course either on the platform or on the website of the integrated histology and embryology course: e-learning: https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/enrol/index.php?id=987

The exam consists of a multiple choice test on the course topics. A minimum score equivalent to 18/30 allows the student to show up for the oral exam. For the oral examination the student must demonstrate that has acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics of histology and embryology To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate that has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course and is able to correlate the topics dealt with the other subjects required as a prerequisit.

The course is delivered according to the following teaching methods: classroom lectures / distance learning activities. The student can find all the information and details of the course either on the platform or on the website of the integrated histology and embryology course: e-learning: https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/enrol/index.php?id=987

TISSUES -Overview about methods in histology; general principles of tissue preparation and staining; light and electron microcopy. -Cell aggregation. the concept of tissue, organ and system. Tissue renewal; stem cells and the kinetics of cell populations. -Epithelial tissues. cell polarity, cytoskeleton, membrane specializations; histogenesis, histological organization and classification of epithelial tissues. Lining epithelia: generalities and histological structure of epidermis, digestive, respiratory, and urogenital epithelia. Glands: histogenesis and structure of major exocrine and endocrine glands (pancreas, liver, prostate, salivary, mammary, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal). -Connective tissues. General structure and functions of connective tissue; extracellular matrix, fibers, ground substance and cells. -Cartilage. Types of cartilage; chondrogenesis and cartilage growth. -Bone. Bone architecture and functions. Osteogenesis; bone remodeling and homeostasis. -Blood, plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. Hemopoiesis. -Immune system and organs, including the histological structure of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. -Muscle tissues: morphology and functional characteristics of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ. -Nervous tissue. Histogenesis, general organization, morphofunctional relationships. Cells of the nervous system. Neuron types and their morphology. Nerve fibers. Synapses. Neuroglia. Peripheral nerve terminals. -Cellular and molecular mechanisms of homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Stem cells and tissue niche. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT -The Methods of experimental embryology. -Morphogenesis and molecular processes. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of tissues, organs and apparatuses. Histogenesis, differentiation and tissue homeostasis. -Gametogenesis: Gonads, meiosis, gametogenesis and fertilization. In vitro fertilization. -Early stages of the embryo development. Segmentation. Morula. Blastocyst and implantation. The embryonic disk. -Timing and 3D formation of primitive layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. -The notochord and its role in embryo development. Embryonic folding and definition of body cavities. -Morphogenetic mechanisms. Interactions between primitive layers and initial organogenesis with some examples: central nervous system, circulatory, digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems. Neural crest derivates. -Placenta. Embryo annexes. -Clinical correlations THE BASIS OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Stem cells. Origin and classification of stem cells: Embryonic and adult stem cells. Generation and properties of pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Therapeutic potential of stem cells.

It is important that the student has acquired, at the beginning of the teaching activities provided by the integrated course of histology and embryology, the bases of cell biology.

Histology: Istologia di V. Monesi; VII Edizione, 2018. Piccin Editore Embryology: Embriologia Umana II Edizione, prima ristampa, 2016; De Felici et al. Piccin Editore Histology Atlas con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche di Cui. Piccin Editore

Mandatory attendance

The evaluation consists of a written test with 50 multiple choice questions and an oral exam. The student is admitted to the oral examination only if he/she passes the writing test. The written test lasts 90 minutes. The oral exam lasts an average of 30 minutes/student, in which the teacher assesses the student's knowledge on all parts of the program. The objective of the test is to certify the student's knowledge about the fundamentals of the discipline. The elements taken into consideration for the evaluation are: knowledge of the subject, the use of an appropriate language, the ability of reasoning demonstrated during the exam. Furthermore, the student must demonstrate that he / she has mastered the topics of the discipline, avoiding the simple notions and demonstrating a more articulated integration of the discipline. To pass the exam the student needs to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate to have acquired a good knowledge of the topics of histology and embryology and to be able to connect different topics of the discipline. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he/she has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and coherent way in the context of an integrated knowledge.

The course is delivered according to the following teaching methods: frontal teaching activity. The student can find all the information and details of the course both on the e-learning platform: https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/enrol/index.php?id=987 and/or on the course web site: https://istologia-embriologia-cdlb.jimdofree.com/