Dental School

General aetiology: Chemical, physical and biological agents as a cause of illness. Biological effects of exciting and ionizing radiation. Electricity, hot and cold as a cause of illness. Genetic pathology: Mode of transmission of hereditary diseases. Models of human genetic diseases. Gene therapy. Non-hereditary congenital pathology. Molecular pathology: Pathology of gene expression. Molecular pathology of proteins. Molecular pathology of receptors and signal transduction. Cellular pathology: Damage and cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Pathology of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes). Alterations of the nucleus. Extracellular matrix pathology. Intracellular accumulations Immunology and immunopathology: Antigens and haptens. Antibodies: structure and function of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin genetics. Antibody antigen reaction. The major histocompatibility complex: typing and functions. Immune system cells, immune response and immune regulation mechanisms. Anti-infective immunity. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. Tolerance and autoimmunity, main autoimmune diseases. Congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies. Iperimmunoglobulinemie. Transplantation immunology. Antitumor immunity. Inflammation: Acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular phenomena, cells involved in inflammation, chemical mediators, phagocytosis, exudate formation and types of exudate, granulomas, reparative processes. Escape strategies to evade the immune response. Fever: Physiopathology of thermoregulation. Endogenous and exogenous pyrogens. Types of fever. Endocrine pathophysiology: Hormones and neurormones, hormone receptors, signal transduction and cellular response. Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary system: Hypothalamic hormones, adenohypophyseal and neurohypophyseal hormones. Insipid diabetes and pituitary neoplasms. Pathophysiology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands: Formation and function of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Pathophysiology of renal function: Renal function and structure of all its components. Glomerular and tubular diseases. Pathophysiology of the adrenal gland: Synthesis and action of cortical and medullary hormones. Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Pathophysiology of the respiratory system: Structure and function of the respiratory system in all its components. Bronchitis, Asthma and Emphysema. Pathophysiology of the digestive system: Alterations of digestion and absorption Pathophysiology of the liver: Steatosis Pathophysiology of hemostasis: Platelets and coagulation. Hemorrhagic diseases dependent on platelet changes and hemorrhagic diseases dependent on coagulation. Pathophysiology of blood: pathological erythropoiesis, anemias and leukemias. Pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas and diabetes. Pathophysiology of the testicle and ovary. Pathophysiology of circulation. Hypertension, shock, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, heart attack, arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism.

Students must have acquired the knowledge relating to the previous course years and must take the exam based on the preparatory qualifications of the previous exams of the course

General Pathology and General Physiopathology (Pontieri-Russo-Frati)

lectures will be held with the help of slides

compulsory attendance, attendance will be recorded using signature sheets and once the attendance threshold is reached (75% of the hours of scheduled lessons) the obligation to attend is considered fulfilled.

The exam will consist of an accurate assessment of the student's preparation by means of an oral interview

lessons with slides

General aetiology: Chemical, physical and biological agents as a cause of illness. Biological effects of exciting and ionizing radiation. Electricity, hot and cold as a cause of illness. Genetic pathology: Mode of transmission of hereditary diseases. Models of human genetic diseases. Gene therapy. Non-hereditary congenital pathology. Molecular pathology: Pathology of gene expression. Molecular pathology of proteins. Molecular pathology of receptors and signal transduction. Cellular pathology: Damage and cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Pathology of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes). Alterations of the nucleus. Extracellular matrix pathology. Intracellular accumulations Immunology and immunopathology: Antigens and haptens. Antibodies: structure and function of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin genetics. Antibody antigen reaction. The major histocompatibility complex: typing and functions. Immune system cells, immune response and immune regulation mechanisms. Anti-infective immunity. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. Tolerance and autoimmunity, main autoimmune diseases. Congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies. Iperimmunoglobulinemie. Transplantation immunology. Antitumor immunity. Inflammation: Acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular phenomena, cells involved in inflammation, chemical mediators, phagocytosis, exudate formation and types of exudate, granulomas, reparative processes. Escape strategies to evade the immune response. Fever: Physiopathology of thermoregulation. Endogenous and exogenous pyrogens. Types of fever. Endocrine pathophysiology: Hormones and neurormones, hormone receptors, signal transduction and cellular response. Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary system: Hypothalamic hormones, adenohypophyseal and neurohypophyseal hormones. Insipid diabetes and pituitary neoplasms. Pathophysiology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands: Formation and function of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Pathophysiology of renal function: Renal function and structure of all its components. Glomerular and tubular diseases. Pathophysiology of the adrenal gland: Synthesis and action of cortical and medullary hormones. Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Pathophysiology of the respiratory system: Structure and function of the respiratory system in all its components. Bronchitis, Asthma and Emphysema. Pathophysiology of the digestive system: Alterations of digestion and absorption Pathophysiology of the liver: Steatosis Pathophysiology of hemostasis: Platelets and coagulation. Hemorrhagic diseases dependent on platelet changes and hemorrhagic diseases dependent on coagulation. Pathophysiology of blood: pathological erythropoiesis, anemias and leukemias. Pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas and diabetes. Pathophysiology of the testicle and ovary. Pathophysiology of circulation. Hypertension, shock, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, heart attack, arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism.

In order to understand the teaching contents and achieve the learning objectives, at the beginning of the teaching activities foreseen in the teaching module, the student must have knowledge of Biology and Genetics, Histology and Embryology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Anatomy and Physiology, and have taken the exams required for propaedeutic.

Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale. Vol I e II. G.M.Pontieri (IV Edizione, Piccin)

Following paragraph 4.5 of the Regulations of the Dental School, the student is required to attend educational activities, formal, non-formal, vocational. The frequency is checked by the teachers through signature / updated lists provided by the Academic Office, as established by CCLMOPD. The certificate of mandatory attendance to the teaching course is required to the student to be admitted at the final test.

The student must attend an oral interview, demonstrate that he has acquired the main and fundamental concepts of General Pathology and be able to communicate both to the teachers of its future exams but above all communicate to his future patients what he has learned.

The teacher delivers the lectures with traditional methods, with audiovisual aids and with scheduling of the lessons as reported on the GOMP System and published on the CdS website. There are two lessons per week lasting two hours each. The e-learning platform will be used as a teaching aid. Slides presented in class will also be provided Pursuant to paragraph 4.5 of the Master's Degree Course in Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics, the student is required to attend CLMOPD's educational, formal, non-formal and professional activities. The attendance is verified by the lecturers through signature / appeal sheets on updated lists provided by the Didactic Secretariat according to what established by the CCLMOPD, on CTP indication. The certificate of attendance at the compulsory teaching activities of a teaching course is necessary for the student to take the relative exam.