Medicine and Surgery

Main Objectives The course aims at providing students with theoretical and practical knowledge needed to identify main metabolic and endocrine system diseases and provide evidence-based pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Expected outcomes: competent and critical knowledge of signs, symptoms, diagnostics and therapy of metabolic and endocrine system diseases. Traditional lessons will allow students to properly identify and diagnose main metabolic and endocrine system diseases. Practical lessons will provide students with clinical skills needed to understand signs, symptoms and diagnostics of metabolic and endocrine system diseases. Specific objectives Knowledge and understanding: passing the exam implies the sistematic knowledge of nosographic, etiopathogenetic, physiological and clinical aspects of all diseases mentioned in the core curriculum, within a global view of the human pathology, including gender differences. The student must to know: * the different drug and toxic classes and their molecular and cellular action, the fundamental principles of pharmaco-dynamic and pharmaco-kynetic mechanisms for the apparatuses included in the core curriculum; * the therapeutic use of the different drugs, the response variability according to genetic and physiopathologic factors, the pharmacological interactions and the therapeutic schemes for the apparatuses considered in the core curriculum; * the principles and methods of clinical pharmacology, including pharmacological watching, pharmaco-epidemiology, side effects and toxicity of the drugs and their abuse for the apparatuses considered in the core curriculum. Applying knowledge and understanding: The student should be able: * to evaluate critically and correlate clinical symptoms, physical signs, and functional alterations with the corresponding pathological, genetic, molecular, cellular, histological and organic substrate; to understand the mechanisms and the clinical meaning of all diseases mentioned in the core curriculum; * to suggest correctly the different molecular, biochemical, histological and cytological diagnostic procedures evaluating the risks, costs and benefits of all diseases mentioned in the core curriculum and to interpret the corresponding reports; * to plan correctly different imaging procedures, considering the risks, costs and benefits of all diseases mentioned in the core curriculum and to interpret the corresponding reports; * to suggest correctly the different procedures using radioisotopes either for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes for all diseases mentioned in the core curriculum and to interpret the corresponding reports. Making judgment: passing the exam implies the ability of appropriately judging and putting in context medical history, signs and symptoms for appropriate diagnostic work-up and therapy. Communication skills: passing the exam implies mastering the ability to expose clinical reasoning and decision-making from signs and symptoms collection to appropriate diagnosis and therapy. Learning skills: passing the exam implies mastering the ability to learn the rational basis of differential diagnosis.