Chemistry

Educational objectives

The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated.
As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems.
It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills.
The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language.
Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.

Educational objectives

The aim of the teaching is to make the student able to face any discussion concerning the reactivity of organic molecules without difficulties. In order to reach this goal, the student will firstly acquire the fundamental notions of Physical Organic Chemistry. Then, such information will be used to treat the mechanisms of the most common reactions of organic chemistry. This phase of the teaching will allow the students to develop judgment skills which are necessary to face any kind of mechanistic issue concerning chemical reactivity. At the end of the teaching the student will be capable of programming an experimental study for solving a novel mechanistic problem. Eventually the student will be able to tell and communicate both the experimental project he/she proposes with the aim at solving the mechanistic question and the possible results.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

Objectives of the Course
1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics.
2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups.
3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry.
5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences.

Learning goals
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields.
2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry.
3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography.
4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems.
6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.

Educational objectives

Synthesis and characterization methods of inorganic materials and laboratory course provides concepts and tools essential to approach synthesis methods and properties of inorganic materials. Oral lectures and laboratory practice will allow the description of the behavior of the inorganic materials through the knowledge of bulk and surface properties.
One of the aim of this course is to highlight the correlation between chemical structure and properties, looking at the most recent applications of inorganic materials. The lectures are developed starting from the description of the general characteristics of inorganic materials, their synthesis and characterization. The knowledge acquired in this course constitutes a framework of reference for subsequent competences.

Educational objectives

The main target of the course from a theoretical standpoint is to give students a deeper knowledge of the basical principles of NMR spectroscopy, integrated by updates about modern hardware and tecniques. Students will have to reach a good skill of detecting the spin systems inside a molecule, through the analysis of chemical and magnetic equivalence. The satisfactory level of knowledge will have to be extended also to all the spectroscopic tools and procedures aimed to clarify the molecular connectivity, the stereochemical and conformational analysis. At this purpose students will receive a good knowledge of bidimensional NMR spectroscopy and its applications in the field of molecular structural investigation.

As regards the practical aspects of the knowledge acquired by students, they will learn how to analyze complex spin systems and to interpretate bidimensional NMR spectra. The theory given in the course will make students able to interpretate and even predict the appearance of one- and bidimensional spectra.

The practical abilities in structure delucidation will be developed through exercises in class sessions, during which students will interpretate one- and bidimensional spectra of increasing complexity. In the same exercise sessions students will get familiar to predict and formulate the appearance of a spectrum of a given known molecule.

The abilities of presenting notions and knowledge transfer regarding the content of the course will be developed and strenghtened by requiring the students during the class sessions to answer to theoretical questions related to course contents, focusing their attention on the importance of correct definitions and statements.

Knowledge acquired in this course will make the students able to deal independently with NMR-related structural investigation during the rest of their educational pathway, and also in a likely post-graduation educational experience, like Ph.D.

Educational objectives

1) The course aims to describe the electronic structure of surfaces of solid materials, chemical species in the gas phase and their mutual interaction through the application of photoemission spectroscopy and related techniques. It therefore provides an introduction to this technique and its principles, followed by the description of the characteristics of an ionization spectrum and the main processes that accompany the formation of an electronic hole. Knowledge is acquired for the description of simple structure chemical species, such as diatomic molecules, and gradually more complex such as polyatomic and organometallic molecules. The description is then extended to solid systems, with regard to the energetics of the photoionization process and secondary processes (satellites and Auger signals), useful for identifying the chemical state of the analyzed species. Elements are then provided for the evaluation of the molecule-surface interaction through photoemission spectroscopy.
2) Ability to describe the photo-induced ionization process in a chemical species. Ability to interpret a photoemission spectrum. Ability to describe the electronic structure of a chemical compound through the photoemission spectrum. Ability to apply mathematical tools in the processing of spectral data to extract chemical information (chemical shift, etc ...) Ability to apply the knowledge acquired in the context of chemical bond theories in order to predict, evaluate and describe the chemical and physical-chemical properties of chemical species based on the photoemission spectrum. Ability to discern which operating condition in the context of photo-emission is most suitable for the investigation of certain chemical characteristics of the material or chemical species under investigation.
3) The critical ability and autonomy of judgment on scientific topics of the course are stimulated during the course itself through the proposition of examples and conceptual exercises with direct reference to concrete situations and requiring a direct contribution from the students, who are stimulated to formulate hypotheses in answer to the teacher's questions. At the same time, the ability to connect different concepts, also related to previous courses in inorganic and non-inorganic chemistry, is stimulated in the students trying to emphasize the common characteristics between the various topics of the course, in order to consolidate a logical path between the various concepts, necessary to develop a global critical vision of photoemission in the panorama of chemistry. The course includes laboratory exercises which consist of: i) practical demonstration in the laboratory of the preparation of a surface and its functionalization with a molecular species; ii) practical demonstration in the laboratory of the acquisition of photoemission spectra on the sample prepared in point (i); (iii) processing by the students of the spectral data acquired in point (ii) using software for curve-fitting.
4) Students are encouraged to formulate questions and doubts to the teacher in the most detailed and precise way possible, in order to perfect the communication of what the student believes needs clarification. Particular emphasis is given by the teacher in the translation into simple but at the same time rigorous words of concepts associated with topics of the course.
5) During the course, some conceptual tools are provided that students can use and develop independently in general in the field of surface science, for example in relation to vacuum production, surface-molecule interaction and spectroscopic investigation. In order to improve the ability to continue studying independently, in-depth texts are also recommended during the course and complementary teaching material is provided.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will have acquired English language skills at least at the B2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). They will be able to understand spoken and written texts of intermediate complexity, including scientific and technical documents related to chemistry.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to use English effectively in academic and professional contexts, understand and produce technical texts, participate in discussions and presentations, and interact appropriately in situations commonly encountered in study, research, and professional practice in chemistry.

3. Making judgements
Students will be able to critically evaluate scientific information available in English, assess its reliability and relevance for academic or professional purposes, and use international sources to support lifelong scientific updating.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate clearly and effectively in English, both orally and in writing, using vocabulary appropriate to the B2 CEFR level and to academic and professional contexts in chemistry. They will be able to interact successfully with an international scientific community.

5. Learning skills
Students will possess the language skills required to pursue independent learning through international scientific literature, participate in educational activities delivered in English, and engage in continuous professional development within an international environment.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will acquire knowledge of cross-disciplinary aspects of the chemistry profession, including competencies relevant to employability, ethical and professional responsibilities, organizational and management principles, and other topics supporting professional development.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to professional contexts, acting with awareness of ethical, organizational and managerial responsibilities and adapting to different working environments in both the public and private sectors.

3. Making judgements
Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate professional, organizational and ethical issues, recognizing the importance of personal responsibility, sustainability, scientific integrity and teamwork in professional practice.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate effectively in multidisciplinary professional environments, interacting with different stakeholders and adopting communication strategies appropriate to organizational and workplace contexts.

5. Learning skills
Students will develop awareness of the importance of lifelong learning and continuous professional development, recognizing the value of continuously updating both technical and transferable skills throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Through the completion of an original research project, students demonstrate advanced knowledge in chemistry and a critical understanding of the scientific literature, experimental methodologies, and theoretical approaches relevant to the thesis topic.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to design and carry out, with an appropriate degree of autonomy, a research or applied development project by selecting suitable experimental, analytical and data-processing methodologies, critically interpreting the obtained results and comparing them with the current state of the art.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate the ability to critically analyse experimental results, assess the reliability of the generated data, identify the limitations of the study, and draw scientifically sound conclusions while adhering to the principles of research integrity, ethics and professional responsibility.

4. Communication skills
Students are able to prepare an original written dissertation according to the standards of scientific communication and to present and discuss their work clearly and effectively before an academic examination committee, using appropriate scientific terminology and providing well-reasoned responses during the discussion.

5. Learning skills
Students demonstrate the ability to address new scientific challenges independently, continuously update their knowledge through the international scientific literature, and pursue further education or professional activities requiring a high level of scientific expertise.

Educational objectives

The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated.
As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems.
It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills.
The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language.
Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.

Educational objectives

The aim of the teaching is to make the student able to face any discussion concerning the reactivity of organic molecules without difficulties. In order to reach this goal, the student will firstly acquire the fundamental notions of Physical Organic Chemistry. Then, such information will be used to treat the mechanisms of the most common reactions of organic chemistry. This phase of the teaching will allow the students to develop judgment skills which are necessary to face any kind of mechanistic issue concerning chemical reactivity. At the end of the teaching the student will be capable of programming an experimental study for solving a novel mechanistic problem. Eventually the student will be able to tell and communicate both the experimental project he/she proposes with the aim at solving the mechanistic question and the possible results.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

Objectives of the Course
1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics.
2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups.
3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry.
5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences.

Learning goals
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields.
2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry.
3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography.
4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems.
6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course the student will have acquired the retrosynthetic language and will have learned the main synthetic organic chemistry reactions. He will have deepened his knowledge of the reaction mechanism and of their stereochemical behavior.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding: Through laboratory experiences he will put into practice the experimental techniques learned.
3) Making judgements: Through exercises in the classroom and reports to be done at home, the student will acquire the ability to formulate a synthetic route for complex chiral molecules, knowing how to choose the most economical and feasible solutions among the possible ones.
4) Communication skills: The students will be encouraged to make working groups to find the most efficient way to synthesize a molecule that will be assigned to them.
5) Learning skills: The student will also have learned how to do complete bibliographic research independently and where to find information about the molecule he wants to synthesize.

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge of the main inorganic elements present in biological systems and of the different role played by metals in the regulation of important properties (structure, action mechanism, specificity, and catalytic activity) in biological molecules as proteins and nucleic acids, also including the therapeutic use of unnatural metals. Basic knowledge of investigation techniques used in Bioinorganic Chemistry, such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Mössbauer spectroscopy or magnetic behaviour of metal ions.
2) Ability to correlate the properties of inorganic elements with the role that they play within biomolecules, albeit modulated by the biological component. Ability to apply the various techniques of investigation in the biological field, with particular reference to the information that can be obtained from them.
3) Development of critical skills and judgment in the learning of the subject, through the study of the teaching material provided to the students and the frequency of the lessons, during which the students are invited to ask questions and request clarifications. Since the course consists only of lectures, no other activities are planned.
4) Ability to communicate what has been learned during the course through the exam, consisting of a discussion lasting about 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the critical learning of the arguments and the ability to deepen personal knowledge.
5) Ability to deepen the topics studied, each according to personal propensities for each topic in an autonomous way, through the consultation of literature or specialized texts recommended in class and available in the Library of the Department.

Educational objectives

The main target of the course from a theoretical standpoint is to give students a deeper knowledge of the basical principles of NMR spectroscopy, integrated by updates about modern hardware and tecniques. Students will have to reach a good skill of detecting the spin systems inside a molecule, through the analysis of chemical and magnetic equivalence. The satisfactory level of knowledge will have to be extended also to all the spectroscopic tools and procedures aimed to clarify the molecular connectivity, the stereochemical and conformational analysis. At this purpose students will receive a good knowledge of bidimensional NMR spectroscopy and its applications in the field of molecular structural investigation.

As regards the practical aspects of the knowledge acquired by students, they will learn how to analyze complex spin systems and to interpretate bidimensional NMR spectra. The theory given in the course will make students able to interpretate and even predict the appearance of one- and bidimensional spectra.

The practical abilities in structure delucidation will be developed through exercises in class sessions, during which students will interpretate one- and bidimensional spectra of increasing complexity. In the same exercise sessions students will get familiar to predict and formulate the appearance of a spectrum of a given known molecule.

The abilities of presenting notions and knowledge transfer regarding the content of the course will be developed and strenghtened by requiring the students during the class sessions to answer to theoretical questions related to course contents, focusing their attention on the importance of correct definitions and statements.

Knowledge acquired in this course will make the students able to deal independently with NMR-related structural investigation during the rest of their educational pathway, and also in a likely post-graduation educational experience, like Ph.D.

Educational objectives

The course aim to complete the knowledge in the field of physical organic chemistry provided in the previous course of Organic Chemistry IVg, with emphasis on the topics of acidity functions, reactions involving free radicals, Marcus theory for electron transfer processes, and photochemical and photocatalytic processes. The course will also review some reactive intermediates (carbenes, carbenoids, and nitrenes). Finally, it aims to extend the synthetic knowledge already provided in the Organic Synthesis courses, especially in organometallic chemistry, with special focus on modern synthetic strategies based on palladium chemistry

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will have acquired English language skills at least at the B2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). They will be able to understand spoken and written texts of intermediate complexity, including scientific and technical documents related to chemistry.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to use English effectively in academic and professional contexts, understand and produce technical texts, participate in discussions and presentations, and interact appropriately in situations commonly encountered in study, research, and professional practice in chemistry.

3. Making judgements
Students will be able to critically evaluate scientific information available in English, assess its reliability and relevance for academic or professional purposes, and use international sources to support lifelong scientific updating.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate clearly and effectively in English, both orally and in writing, using vocabulary appropriate to the B2 CEFR level and to academic and professional contexts in chemistry. They will be able to interact successfully with an international scientific community.

5. Learning skills
Students will possess the language skills required to pursue independent learning through international scientific literature, participate in educational activities delivered in English, and engage in continuous professional development within an international environment.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will acquire knowledge of cross-disciplinary aspects of the chemistry profession, including competencies relevant to employability, ethical and professional responsibilities, organizational and management principles, and other topics supporting professional development.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to professional contexts, acting with awareness of ethical, organizational and managerial responsibilities and adapting to different working environments in both the public and private sectors.

3. Making judgements
Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate professional, organizational and ethical issues, recognizing the importance of personal responsibility, sustainability, scientific integrity and teamwork in professional practice.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate effectively in multidisciplinary professional environments, interacting with different stakeholders and adopting communication strategies appropriate to organizational and workplace contexts.

5. Learning skills
Students will develop awareness of the importance of lifelong learning and continuous professional development, recognizing the value of continuously updating both technical and transferable skills throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Through the completion of an original research project, students demonstrate advanced knowledge in chemistry and a critical understanding of the scientific literature, experimental methodologies, and theoretical approaches relevant to the thesis topic.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to design and carry out, with an appropriate degree of autonomy, a research or applied development project by selecting suitable experimental, analytical and data-processing methodologies, critically interpreting the obtained results and comparing them with the current state of the art.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate the ability to critically analyse experimental results, assess the reliability of the generated data, identify the limitations of the study, and draw scientifically sound conclusions while adhering to the principles of research integrity, ethics and professional responsibility.

4. Communication skills
Students are able to prepare an original written dissertation according to the standards of scientific communication and to present and discuss their work clearly and effectively before an academic examination committee, using appropriate scientific terminology and providing well-reasoned responses during the discussion.

5. Learning skills
Students demonstrate the ability to address new scientific challenges independently, continuously update their knowledge through the international scientific literature, and pursue further education or professional activities requiring a high level of scientific expertise.

Educational objectives

The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated.
As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems.
It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills.
The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language.
Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.

Educational objectives

The aim of the teaching is to make the student able to face any discussion concerning the reactivity of organic molecules without difficulties. In order to reach this goal, the student will firstly acquire the fundamental notions of Physical Organic Chemistry. Then, such information will be used to treat the mechanisms of the most common reactions of organic chemistry. This phase of the teaching will allow the students to develop judgment skills which are necessary to face any kind of mechanistic issue concerning chemical reactivity. At the end of the teaching the student will be capable of programming an experimental study for solving a novel mechanistic problem. Eventually the student will be able to tell and communicate both the experimental project he/she proposes with the aim at solving the mechanistic question and the possible results.

Educational objectives

The Molecular Biology course aims to deepen the fundamental principles of molecular biology, including the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation. Experimental techniques used in molecular biology will be analysed, such as PCR, cloning and analysis of DNA and RNA. Key molecular interactions within cells will be described, including signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in order to understand the importance of molecular biology in the research and development of medical therapies and biotechnology.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of biological systems and the spectroscopic and structural techniques, theoretical and experimental, that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding such complex systems will be treated.
As regards essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of biological systems and the experimental and theoretical methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic and kinetics processes concerning biological systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the approximations and the hypothesis at the base of the models used. It is expected that the student will show the capacity of choosing formulations and equations suitable to solve quantitative problems and methods proper to investigate the proposed systems (first and second Dublin descriptors).
The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language (third and fourth Dublin descriptors).
Finally, considering that the course belongs to the graduate degree (second cycle), competence on applications of techniques to solve biological relevant problems from a chemical-physical point of view will be appreciated.

Educational objectives

General objectives: to acquire the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions and reactions in biological systems through a physical chemical-organic approach

Specific objectives: students will have acquired a theoretical / mechanistic basis with which they will be able to understand the mechanisms of action of biologically active molecules, such as natural organic substances and drugs.

Educational objectives

The course, organized in 6 CFUs, is aimed at understanding the biochemical aspects of nucleic acids biochemistry and the use of new technologies based on genome manipulations.
In particular, the course will focus on the study of DNA structure and on the processes of replication, transcription and translation, with a description of DNA mutations and damage, and mechanisms of DNA repair. The course includes the discussion of the main analytical techniques to produce, purify, characterize, and analyze proteins and other biotechnological products, and description of nucleic acids analysis and manipulations to produce recombinant proteins and new drugs in microorganisms.
Specific seminars will be organized to provide and updated description of forefront technologies, such as nanotechnology, bioinformatics, proteomics, cryoelectron microscopy.
Updated bibliographic references will be provided to the students to stimulate their interest and their critical thinking.

Specific skills – Nutritional Biochemistry
a) knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of the structure and function of DNA and RNA; DNA replication transcription and translation; post-translational modification of proteins, protein folding and misfolding; nucleic acids analysis; manipulation fo microorganisms to produce specific proteins or secondary metabolites products.
b) applying knowledge and understanding
Ability to identify and describe DNA manipulation processes and capacity to apply them to the production of substances of interest in chemistry and pharmaceutical technology. The student will need to demonstrate that he/she has the capacity to deal with biological phenomena (in the field of biochemistry microbiology molecular biology and cellular biology) thus implementing his/her competences in the chemistry of living organisms.
c) making judgments
Ability to describe and to analyze the metabolic processes involved in the biochemistry of nucleic acids. Ability to critically read scientific literature in the field.
d) communication skills
Ability to describe the biochemical pathways relevant in DNA biochemistry and the main biochemical techniques for the investigation of nucleic acids.
e) learning skills
Critical reading of scientific articles in DNA biochemistry, critical thinking and discussion.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Elective courses enable students to deepen their knowledge of advanced topics in chemistry or related disciplines, contributing to the development of a personalized educational pathway consistent with their scientific interests and professional objectives.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to integrate knowledge acquired from different disciplinary fields and apply it to the solution of complex problems, scientific research, innovation, and highly qualified professional activities.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate autonomy in designing their educational pathway by selecting courses that are consistent with their specialization, research interests, and professional development goals.

4. Communication skills
Students strengthen their ability to communicate advanced scientific knowledge effectively and to interact in multidisciplinary environments using language appropriate to different audiences.

5. Learning skills
Students develop an advanced and personalized educational pathway, enhancing their ability to independently update their knowledge and acquire new competencies throughout their professional careers.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with a solid theoretical and methodological background in mass spectrometry, with particular emphasis on the fundamental principles of the technique, the main ionization sources, mass analyzers, and tandem mass spectrometry. The course also covers the coupling of mass spectrometry with the main separation techniques and introduces modern applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry, including data acquisition strategies, compound identification, and an introduction to the recent application of mass spectrometry in metabolomics and proteomics.
The course is designed to enable students to understand the capabilities and limitations of different mass spectrometric platforms and select the most appropriate analytical approach according to the characteristics of the sample and the objectives of the analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of mass spectrometry both for quantitative analysis and for the identification of known and unknown compounds in complex matrices.

Educational objectives

This teaching aims to give, by frontal lessons, basic knowledge of cell structure, organization and functioning, basic knowledge of microbial cultivation and of the principal large-scale fermentative processes for the synthesis of chemicals, enzymes and biomass.
Results will be the capability to evaluate the use of microrganisms for the production of compounds with industrial applications, the possibility to develop and improve production processes, the planning of production of new compounds or the development of new processes.
The oral final test aims to develop communication skills.

Educational objectives

The course Spectroscopy of Biological Systems focuses on the manifold applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence, linear and circular dichroism, vibrational and Raman spectroscopies to biological systems to investigate their structural, thermodynamic and functional properties.
It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills.
The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language.
More texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will have acquired English language skills at least at the B2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). They will be able to understand spoken and written texts of intermediate complexity, including scientific and technical documents related to chemistry.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to use English effectively in academic and professional contexts, understand and produce technical texts, participate in discussions and presentations, and interact appropriately in situations commonly encountered in study, research, and professional practice in chemistry.

3. Making judgements
Students will be able to critically evaluate scientific information available in English, assess its reliability and relevance for academic or professional purposes, and use international sources to support lifelong scientific updating.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate clearly and effectively in English, both orally and in writing, using vocabulary appropriate to the B2 CEFR level and to academic and professional contexts in chemistry. They will be able to interact successfully with an international scientific community.

5. Learning skills
Students will possess the language skills required to pursue independent learning through international scientific literature, participate in educational activities delivered in English, and engage in continuous professional development within an international environment.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Through the completion of an original research project, students demonstrate advanced knowledge in chemistry and a critical understanding of the scientific literature, experimental methodologies, and theoretical approaches relevant to the thesis topic.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are able to design and carry out, with an appropriate degree of autonomy, a research or applied development project by selecting suitable experimental, analytical and data-processing methodologies, critically interpreting the obtained results and comparing them with the current state of the art.

3. Making judgements
Students demonstrate the ability to critically analyse experimental results, assess the reliability of the generated data, identify the limitations of the study, and draw scientifically sound conclusions while adhering to the principles of research integrity, ethics and professional responsibility.

4. Communication skills
Students are able to prepare an original written dissertation according to the standards of scientific communication and to present and discuss their work clearly and effectively before an academic examination committee, using appropriate scientific terminology and providing well-reasoned responses during the discussion.

5. Learning skills
Students demonstrate the ability to address new scientific challenges independently, continuously update their knowledge through the international scientific literature, and pursue further education or professional activities requiring a high level of scientific expertise.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will acquire knowledge of cross-disciplinary aspects of the chemistry profession, including competencies relevant to employability, ethical and professional responsibilities, organizational and management principles, and other topics supporting professional development.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to professional contexts, acting with awareness of ethical, organizational and managerial responsibilities and adapting to different working environments in both the public and private sectors.

3. Making judgements
Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate professional, organizational and ethical issues, recognizing the importance of personal responsibility, sustainability, scientific integrity and teamwork in professional practice.

4. Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate effectively in multidisciplinary professional environments, interacting with different stakeholders and adopting communication strategies appropriate to organizational and workplace contexts.

5. Learning skills
Students will develop awareness of the importance of lifelong learning and continuous professional development, recognizing the value of continuously updating both technical and transferable skills throughout their professional careers.