Nursing REPLICA M - ROMA AZIENDA S.CAMILLO-FORLANINI (S.CAMILLO)

General etiology: Concept of homeostasis, health, and disease state. Adaptation. Definition of Etiology and pathogenesis. Physical and chemical agents causing diseases. Pathology of bacterial and viral infections. Genetic pathology: Mutations and mutagenesis. Karyotype anomalies: structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes. Cytogenic disorders. Mode of transmission of pathological characters: dominant, recessive, and X-linked inheritance. Mendelian and single-gene disorders with nonclassic inheritance. Diseases due to Trinucleotide-repeat mutations and altered genomic imprinting. Mitochondrial genetic diseases. Multifactorial inheritance. Congenital non-hereditary diseases. Cellular pathology: Cellular response to stress and noxious stimuli. Reversible and irreversible cell damage. Intracellular accumulations. Hydropic degeneration. Accumulations of lipids (Steatosis), cholesterol and cholesterol esters, proteins, glycogen, and pigments. Lysosomal storage diseases. Cellular adaptations to the stress (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia). Cell Death. Necrosis and apoptosis. Inflammation: Cells and Receptors of inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute inflammation. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chemokines and chemotaxis. Acute inflammation phases and evolution: vascular modifications. Inflammatory exudate and edema. Phagocytosis. Chronic inflammation: phases and evolution. Granulomas from a foreign body and immunological granulomas. Repair process. Systemic manifestations of inflammation: acute-phase proteins, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and leukocytosis. Mechanisms of thermoregulation. Hyperthermia and fever. Pathogenesis and stages of fever. Fever classification. Immunity and Immunopathology: Innate and adaptive immunity. Cells and tissues of the immune system. Humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Mechanisms of central and peripheral immune tolerance. Molecular mechanisms of loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity pathogenesis. Immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions. Classification and mechanisms of cell and tissue damage of the hypersensitivity of types I, II, III, and IV. Clinical manifestations. Primary immunodeficiencies of innate and specific immunity and acquired immunodeficiencies. Oncology: Definition and etiopathogenesis of tumors. Classification and nomenclature. Benign and malignant tumors. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the neoplastic cell. Dysplasia, precancerous lesions and carcinoma in situ. Phases of the neoplastic process: initiation, promotion and progression. Clinical criteria for the classification of tumors: gradation and staging. Tumor markers. Cell cycle control. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Genomic instability. Angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastasis. Tumor dissemination. Jaundice: Bilirubin metabolism and etiological classification and pathophysiology of Jaundices. Diabetes Mellitus: Classification criteria. Metabolism alteration in diabetes. Biochemical alterations resulting from hyperglycemia. Acute and chronic complications of diabetes.

In order to understand the contents of the course, basic knowledge of biology, genetics, and general physiology is essential.

It is recommend the use of one of the following books: G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia generale. Piccin ISBN: 9788829929122 F. Celotti - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia. EdiSES. ISBN: 9788879597357 Teaching and didactic materials are available on the course's designated Classroom webpage

The didactic model consists of frontal lessons with multimedia support.

In order to be able to take the exam related to the specific integrated course it is necessary to have documented the presence in the classroom of at least 66% of the hours corresponding to the credits assigned to the integrated course. The attendance will be measured by roll call at the beginning of the lesson.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in each module. The student must demonstrate that they have acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics covered during the course. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course.

Lectures with the aid of "PowerPoint" presentations that will be made available to students.