Orthoptic and ophtalmologic assistance

The General Pathology module aims to provide the foundational theoretical concepts necessary for understanding the body's responses to pathogenic noxae. The course will commence with an analysis of Homeostasis and the mechanisms of cellular adaptation, injury, and cell death (necrosis and apoptosis). A central focus will be dedicated to Inflammation—the protective, vascular, and cellular response to tissue damage—examining its pathogenesis and its clinical presentation via the cardinal signs (redness, heat, swelling, pain, and functio laesa). Subsequently, the role of Fever as a systemic defense mechanism and an alteration of hypothalamic thermoregulation will be explored. The module will conclude by covering the basic principles of Immunity, including the concept of Autoimmunity, and the fundamentals of Carcinogenesis and tumor classification, thereby enabling the student to recognize systemic manifestations that may correlate with or impact pathologies of the visual system.

G.M. Pontieri “Elementi di Patologia generale”.