Nursing and Midwifery Sciences REPLICA S. CAMILLO

The module presents public law as the framework governing the organisation of public powers and the relationships between public administrations and citizens, with a specific focus on healthcare. It first clarifies the key features of the Constitution (rigidity and supremacy) and the hierarchy of legal sources, including those of the European Union, and outlines the distribution of legislative powers between the State and the Regions. It then examines the fundamental principles and the constitutional freedoms most relevant to healthcare practice, highlighting informed consent as an expression of personal liberty and self-determination, and discussing their lawful limitations and balancing with public interests. From a historical–institutional perspective, the course retraces the transition from the former mutualistic system to the Italian National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, SSN) established by Law No. 833/1978, and the subsequent corporatization introduced by Legislative Decree No. 502/1992 (as amended). Within this framework, it analyses the governance of health organisations, the role and responsibilities of the General Manager, the legal nature of health trusts/companies, and the corporate by-laws (atto aziendale), linking these to the constitutional principles of good administration and impartiality, as well as to efficiency, effectiveness, economy and appropriateness. The final part addresses the contractualised civil service under Legislative Decree No. 165/2001, focusing on the status of public employees (“in the exclusive service of the Nation”), their duties, and the main profiles of liability (civil, criminal, disciplinary and accounting) that may arise in clinical-administrative contexts.

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