Architecture

Description the Course is a survey of the History of European Architecture from the beginning of the Greek Civilisation (VIII cent b.C.) through the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Christian periods, the Middle Ages, up to the moment of the dawn of Renaissance in Florence at the beginning of the XIV century AD. The Course will focus subsequently and gradually on the various ages and on the most significant buildings that characterize each of these. It will be divided chronologically, and preceded by a General Introduction to History of Architecture and by the definition of the concepts of Space, Architectural Culture, Institutions and Social relationships, Patrons and Artists. Content The origins of Mediterranean cultures, Egypt and Crete. - Micaenean civilisation.- From the greek Middle Ages to Archaism – The origin of the Greek Temple and of the Architectural Orders. - The Great Archaic Temples The Classical Age: Olympia, Paestum, Athens. - The Acropolis and the Parthenon - Pericles, Mnesicles, Callicrates and Ictinus. Hellenism: Alexandria and antique Urban Planning. Ippodamus and Dinocrates – Pergamon – The Reconstruction of the Archaic Temples: Ephesus, Sardis, Miletus. - The great Sanctuaries: Pergamon, Coos, Rhodes. Roman Architecture: Rome under the Tarquinii – the Hellenistic influence. – The use of arches, and the discovery of concrete and of the vault. - The great Republican Sanctuaries in Latium.- The application of Architectural Orders to arched walls (Tabularium Motif) – The Architecture of the great Dictators: Pompey, Cesar, Augustus. The Fora of Cesar and Augustus as prototypes of the Imperial Fora.- The Corynthian Order. -. Baiae and the first great cupolae.- Claudius and the rough ashlar -. Nero and The Domus Aurea. – The Flavii: the Colosseum, Rabirius. - Trajan and Apollodorus of Damascus.- The Age of Hadrian.- From the Severii to Diocletian. Spalatus - Maxentius and Costantine - Arches and Mausoleums – Roman Building Types: Residences, Thermae, Places of Entertainement. Late Antiquity and Early Christianism. - Pagan and Christian Art. – Rome and the first Basilicas. –Eastern and Western influences: triconcae and tetraconcae.- Syrian Churches.- .Ravenna – Theodoric and Justinian – Costantinople - Saint Sophia. Between VII and X century: Visigoth Spain and Lombard Italy. The Arabs and Omayyad Architecture – Carolingian Architecture: Aachen, Saint Gallen and benedictine influence – the Westwerk- The crisis of the Sacred Roman Empire. The Ottonian Renaissance: Spira, Worms, Mainz, France, Tours, Cluny II. Romanesque architecture: The Concept of Romanesque in Europe. France: Burgundy, Provence, Loire, Poitou, Perigord, Auvergne, Normandy and Norman England – The churches on «Camino de Santiago» – the crisis of the Benedectine Order – Bernard of Clairvaux and cisterceans architecture – Northern Italy: Lombardy and Emilia, Venice – Tuscany- Rome the XII century Renaissance – Montecassino –the Normans in Southern Italy and in Sicily: Puglia Cefalù and Monreale. The gothic architecture: Origins and limits of the concept of Gothic Art.-Definitions, spatial conceptions and structural systems – Suger, the reconstruction of the of St-Denis abbey and the gothic architecture in Ile-de-France: Saint Denis, Paris, Chartres, Reims – Germany: The Koln cathedral – England: Canterbury Lincoln, London Italy in the XIII and XIV century. – The influence of the new religious orders: Franciscans and Dominicans – Frederic II – the Central Italy cathedrals: Orvieto, Siena, Florence and Perugia – Venice – Emilia and Lombardy – Arnolfo di Cambio – Rome – Naples and the southern Kingdom. Europe in the XIV and XV century and the end of Gothic Art- The european Late Gothic. Florentine culture towards the Renaissance: tradition, cult for Antique Classicism and Humanism.

Basic knowledge is required on the historical events of the period the Treaty and on the evolution of artistic culture in its most prominent expressions.

C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, G. Ortolani, A. Viscogliosi, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006. R. Bonelli, C. Bozzoni, V. Franchetti Pardo, Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Roma-Bari 1997. G. Rocco, Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Università degli Studi di Roma, Facoltà di Architettura, Dipartimento di Storia dell'Architettura e Conservazione dei Beni Architettonici, s.d.

There is no attendance requirement

The exam will consist of an oral test, aimed at verifying the degree of knowledge of the works and the topics covered during the course. Also require information about the historical events of the period the treaty and on the evolution of artistic culture in the most important aspect. during the exam the student will demonstrate knowledge of the topics indicated in the programme, also with explanatory drawings. In particular, the student will illustrate graphically the architectural orders and buildings and themes in bold in the table of contents of exam topics.

Età antica: H. BERVE, G. GRUBEN, H. HIRMER, I templi greci, Firenze 1962 R. KRAUTHEIMER, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Harmondsworth 1965; ed. italiana aggiornata, Architettura paleocristiana e bizantina, Torino 1986 R. MARTIN, Architettura greca, Milano 1972 J.B. WARD PERKINS, Architettura romana, Milano 1974 C. MANGO, Architettura Bizantina, Milano 1977 E. GRECO, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo greco, Roma-Bari 1983 H. LAUTER, Die Architektur des Hellenismus, Darmstadt 1986, ed. italiana L’architettura ellenistica, Milano 1999 P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari 1988 G. ROCCO, Introduzione allo studio degli ordini architettonici antichi, Roma 1995 P. GROS, L' architecture romaine, 1. Les monuments publics, Paris 1996, ed. italiana L' architettura romana. Dagli inizi del III secolo a. C. alla fine dell'alto impero. I monumenti pubblici, Milano 2001 C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, G. ORTOLANI, A. Viscogliosi, L’architettura del mondo antico, Roma-Bari 2006. Medioevo: L. GRODEKI, L'architecture ottonienne, Paris 1958 J.K. CONANT, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, Harmondswoth 1959 (1974) E. GUIDONI, Arte e urbanistica in Toscana 1000-1315, Roma 1970 H.E. KUBACH, L'architettura romanica, Milano 1972 L. GRODECKI, Architettura gotica, Milano 1976 E. GUIDONI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Duecento, Roma-Bari 1989 E. GUIDONI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Medioevo, Roma-Bari 1991 R. TOMAN, a cura di, Il Romanico, Colonia 1996 R. BONELLI, C. BOZZONI, V. FRANCHETTI PARDO, Storia dell’architettura medioevale, Bari 1997.

The course will be structured mainly in single-subject lectures that will systematically cover the topics in the syllabus. Extempore classroom exercises will be devoted to architectural orders.