Architecture

The lessons will concern, in addition to the basic terminology, the research methodology used on architectural structures (aiming for the structure’s preservation, with its historic and aesthetic values). This research includes archival-documentary, iconographic, and bibliographic research (notions will be provided on the technique for cataloguing and filing of texts and the sources consulted), direct analysis conducted through observation, and surveying meant as an instrument for knowledge and basis for specifically targeted thematic interpretations. Particular importance will be given, throughout the entire course, to the study of the construction and expression aspects of architectural works; with regard to this, the lessons will cover all the moments that have involved the process of the construction and transformation of historic buildings (building materials, scaffolding, building techniques for above-ground walls, horizontal structures, roofs, finishing details, and so on). It is a study process which, especially when there is little or no written documentation, will start from the interior of the building and its material structures, later focusing on the formative process for the entire building. The program includes: a block of about 32,5 hours for theoretical lectures, divided between methodological principles for historical research (archival, iconographic and bibliographic research), the relief and its graphic restitution, methods and tools for the knowledge of traditional buildings, in particular masonry analysis, geometric-proportional and metrological study, typological and comparative analysis within the geographical and historical context - these issues will not be dealt with in closed modules but carried out at the same time; 5 hours set aside for exercises on what was discussed in class.

The course doesn’t have prerequisites with other courses. However, it is considered significant condition to have basic knowledge on architecture history.

The texts indicated as learning support are divided into mandatory and recommended. They should be consulted and studied throughout the course, because they are an essential basis for carrying out the exercise on the monument. Mandatory texts: CARBONARA Giovanni, Restauro dei monumenti. Guida agli elaborati grafici, Napoli, Liguori, 1990 or FIORANI Donatella, Restauro architettonico e strumento informatico. Guida agli elaborati grafici, Napoli, Liguori, 2004; CARBONARA Giovanni (a cura di), Trattato di restauro architettonico, Torino, UTET, 1996; vol. II, pp. 3-192; pp. 261-288; pp. 297-418; pp. 419-586; CARBONARA Giovanni (diretto da), Atlante del Restauro, Torino, UTET, 2004; GIULIANI Fulvio Cairoli, L'edilizia nell'antichità. Nuova edizione con CD-ROM, Roma, Carocci, 2006. Recommended texts: ASCIUTTI Michele, L’Area Flaminia a Roma. Introduzione alla lettura diacronica, Roma, Artemide, 2015; BARELLI Lia, La diffusione e il significato dell'opus quadratum a Roma nei secoli VIII e IX, in Saggi in onore di Gaetano Miarelli Mariani (a cura di M.P. Sette, M. Caperna, M. Docci, M.G. Turco), in «Quaderni dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Architettura», n.s., fascc. 44-50 (2004-2007), Roma, Bonsignori, 2007, pp. 67-74; BIANCHI Giovanna, Trasmissione dei saperi tecnici e analisi dei procedimenti tecnici, in “Archeologia dell’Architettura”, I, 1996, n. 1, pp. 53-64; BRUSCHI Arnaldo, Indicazioni metodologiche per lo studio storico dell'architettura, in *Lineamenti di storia dell'architettura, Roma, Carucci, 1978, pp.13-29; CASTAGNOLI Ferdinando, Appunti di tecnica edilizia del Corso di Topografia di Roma e dell'Italia antica, a.a. 1980-81; CARBONARA Giovanni, Avvicinamento al restauro, Napoli, Liguori, 1997, pp. 49-324; DE ANGELIS D'OSSAT Guglielmo, Studio dei monumenti dal punto di vista storico, artistico e tecnico, in IDEM, Sul restauro dei monumenti architettonici. Concetti, operatività, didattica, Scuola di Specializzazione in Restauro dei monumenti, Strumenti 13, Roma, Bonsignori, 1995, pp. 59-62; IDEM, Proporzioni e proporzionalità. Due lezioni di architettura, in «Palladio», n.s., XV, 2002, 29-30, pp. 55-186; DOGLIONI Francesco, La descrizione stratigrafica della costruzione, in IDEM, Stratigrafia e restauro, Trieste, Lint, 1997, pp. 53-64; DOGLIONI Francesco, Intonaci e autenticità per relazione, in IDEM, Stratigrafia e restauro, Trieste, Lint, 1997, pp. 241-254; ESCH Arnold, Reimpiego, in Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale, vol. IX, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Treccani, 1998, pp. 876- 883; ESPOSITO Daniela, Murature ‘a tufelli’ nel tardo medioevo: metrologia e procedimenti costruttivi, in Metrologia e tecniche costruttive. Atti della Giornata di Studio. Facoltà di Architettura di Pescara, 3 marzo 1998, in «Contributi», 1998, n. 5, pp. 45-52; FIORANI Donatella, Ordine e casualità negli apparecchi murari bassolaziali del XII-XV secolo. Annotazioni su alcuni dati di rilevamento, in Metrologia cit., pp. 69-78; MANNONI Tiziano – Marco MILANESE, Mensiocronologia, in *Archeologia e restauro dei monumenti (a cura di R. Francovich e R. Parenti), Firenze, All'Insegna del Giglio, 1988, pp.383-402; PAGLIARA Pier Nicola, Antico e Medioevo in alcune tecniche costruttive del XV e XVI secolo, in particolare a Roma, in «Annali di architettura. Rivista del Centro internazionale di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio di Vicenza», 1998-99, nn. 10-11, pp. 223-260; PARENTI Roberto, Sulle possibilità di datazione e di classificazione delle murature, in *Archeologia e restauro dei monumenti (a cura di R. Francovich e R. Parenti), Firenze, All'Insegna del Giglio, 1988, pp.280-304; QUARONI Ludovico, Progettare un edificio. Otto lezioni di architettura, Milano, Mazzotta, 1977, pp. 173-194; SALVATORI Marcello, Introduzione: interesse degli studi metrologici ai fini della storia dell'architettura, in Metrologia e Tecniche Costruttive. Atti della giornata di studio, Facoltà di Architettura di Pescara, 3 marzo 1998 (a cura di S. D'Avino e M. Salvatori), in "Contributi", 1998, n. 5, pp. 5-8; SALVATORI Marcello, Manuale di metrologia, Napoli, Liguori, 2006.

Attendance is not mandatory, but it is strongly recommended to follow the lessons in class, which are essential for carrying out the exercises.

The final exam will consist of an individual, oral test on the lesson’s topics and basic bibliography and a valuation, with comments and clarifications, on the subject and manner of the exercises carried out on monument. The two components of the test are aimed at verifying the acquisition of the necessary skills and the ability to apply them to a specific, practical, topic.

The course will make use, for the theoretical parts on general and method-related matters, of traditional type lessons, but also flipped classroom, for an immediate comparison on the level of learning, beside on-site surveys and visits to monuments and construction sites, to develop the ability to read architectural characters and have a comparison on methods and materials, and, for the application aspects, of review seminars held by the teachers, with a group discussion, as work progresses, of the drawings produced during the exercises carried out on monuments or the significant parts of them with preservation problems. The drawings will cover the following topics: 1 - territorial framing of the monument, with references to roads, orography, settlement characteristics, regulations; 2 - survey drawings (as a critical analysis of the 'architectural text'), strictly aimed at full comprehension, in particular historical-aesthetic, tectonic and diagnostic, of the building: metric survey carried out with direct method (plans, elevations, sections scale 1:100/1:50/1:20) possibly integrated with surveys with indirect method (total station, laser scanner, photogrammetry); architectural survey (plans, elevations, sections scale 1:100/1:50/1:20) with the material characteristics of the study building; analysis of masonry and surface finishes (scale 1:10); 3 - historical-critical research on bibliographic, cartographic and archival sources on the subject under study and on the context as much as useful to the understanding of this, with and the drafting of a chronology; 4- analysis of the architectural construction characteristics of the object of study; 5- metrological-proportional analysis: research on possible units of measurement and proportioning systems used for the realization of the factory and its possible transformations; 6 - comparison analysis on typological, stylistic, metrological, proportional and material aspects of the monument and its wall system; 7- critical summary of data collected from direct and indirect sources, and identification of the most important historical phases.

The course creates expertise in the direct analysis of monuments and their study from the historical-cultural standpoint, with particular attention to the construction elements, in view of a future drafting of the restoration plan. In particular, the lessons will concern, in addition to the basic terminology, the research methodology used on architectural structures (aiming for the structure’s preservation, with its historic and aesthetic values). This research includes archival-documentary, iconographic, and bibliographic research (notions will be provided on the technique for cataloguing and filing of texts and the sources consulted), direct analysis conducted through observation, and surveying meant as an instrument for knowledge and basis for specifically targeted thematic interpretations. Particular importance will be given, throughout the entire course, to the study of the construction and expression aspects of architectural works; with regard to this, the lessons will cover (also with reference to historic documentation) all the moments that have involved the process of the construction and transformation of historic buildings (building materials, scaffolding, building techniques for above-ground walls, horizontal structures, roofs, finishing details, and so on). It is a study process which, especially when there is little or no written documentation, will start from the interior of the building and its material structures, later focusing on the formative process for the entire building. The program includes: 15 hours dedicated to the concept of architectural restoration, a brief excursus on the history and development of the theory over time and to illustrate the links between the knowledge of the monument and the restoration project; a block of about 50 hours for theoretical lectures, divided between study of construction techniques aimed at acquiring architectural reading parameters and notions of historical building site - these issues will not be dealt with in closed modules but carried out at the same time; 10 hours set aside for exercises on what was discussed in class.

The course has no preparatory courses. However, it is considered important to possess basic knowledge of the history of architecture and of survey and representation tools and techniques.

The texts indicated as learning support are divided into mandatory and recommended. They should be consulted and studied throughout the course, because they are an essential basis for carrying out the exercise on the monument. Mandatory texts: CARBONARA Giovanni, Restauro dei monumenti. Guida agli elaborati grafici, Napoli, Liguori, 1990; CARBONARA Giovanni, Avvicinamento al restauro, Napoli, Liguori, 1997, pp. 49-324; FIORANI Donatella, Restauro architettonico e strumento informatico. Guida agli elaborati grafici, Napoli, Liguori, 2004; GIULIANI Fulvio Cairoli, L'edilizia nell'antichità. Nuova edizione con CD-ROM, Roma, Carocci, 2006.

The frequency is optional. However, students are encouraged to attend both the 'ex cathedra' lessons and the exercises schedule.

The final exam will consist of an individual, oral test on the lesson’s topics and basic bibliography and a valuation, with comments and clarifications, on the subject and manner of the exercises carried out on monument. The two components of the test are aimed at verifying the acquisition of the necessary skills and the ability to apply them to a specific, practical, topic. It is possible to take the exam through a unique final interview or to split it into separate parts developed during the course and at the end of it.

The texts indicated as learning support are divided into mandatory and recommended. They should be consulted and studied throughout the course, because they are an essential basis for carrying out the exercise on the monument. Recommended texts: ASCIUTTI Michele, L’Area Flaminia a Roma. Introduzione alla lettura diacronica, Roma, Artemide, 2015; BARELLI Lia, La diffusione e il significato dell'opus quadratum a Roma nei secoli VIII e IX, in Saggi in onore di Gaetano Miarelli Mariani (edited by M.P. Sette, M. Caperna, M. Docci, M.G. Turco), in «Quaderni dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Architettura», n.s., fascc. 44-50 (2004-2007), Roma, Bonsignori, 2007, pp. 67-74; BIANCHI Giovanna, Trasmissione dei saperi tecnici e analisi dei procedimenti tecnici, in “Archeologia dell’Architettura”, I, 1996, n. 1, pp. 53-64; BRUSCHI Arnaldo, Indicazioni metodologiche per lo studio storico dell'architettura, in *Lineamenti di storia dell'architettura, Roma, Carucci, 1978, pp.13-29; CARBONARA Giovanni (edited by), Trattato di restauro architettonico, Torino, UTET, 1996; vol. II, pp. 3-192; pp. 261-288; pp. 297-418; pp. 419-586; CARBONARA Giovanni (edited by), Atlante del Restauro, Torino, UTET, 2004; CASTAGNOLI Ferdinando, Appunti di tecnica edilizia del Corso di Topografia di Roma e dell'Italia antica, a.a. 1980-81; DE ANGELIS D'OSSAT Guglielmo, Studio dei monumenti dal punto di vista storico, artistico e tecnico, in IDEM, Sul restauro dei monumenti architettonici. Concetti, operatività, didattica, Scuola di Specializzazione in Restauro dei monumenti, Strumenti 13, Roma, Bonsignori, 1995, pp. 59-62; IDEM, Proporzioni e proporzionalità. Due lezioni di architettura, in «Palladio», n.s., XV, 2002, 29-30, pp. 55-186; DOGLIONI Francesco, La descrizione stratigrafica della costruzione, in IDEM, Stratigrafia e restauro, Trieste, Lint, 1997, pp. 53-64; DOGLIONI Francesco, Intonaci e autenticità per relazione, in IDEM, Stratigrafia e restauro, Trieste, Lint, 1997, pp. 241-254; ESCH Arnold, Reimpiego, in Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale, vol. IX, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Treccani, 1998, pp. 876- 883; ESPOSITO Daniela, Murature ‘a tufelli’ nel tardo medioevo: metrologia e procedimenti costruttivi, in Metrologia e tecniche costruttive. Atti della Giornata di Studio. Facoltà di Architettura di Pescara, 3 marzo 1998, in «Contributi», 1998, n. 5, pp. 45-52; FIORANI Donatella, Ordine e casualità negli apparecchi murari bassolaziali del XII-XV secolo. Annotazioni su alcuni dati di rilevamento, in Metrologia cit., pp. 69-78; MANNONI Tiziano – Marco MILANESE, Mensiocronologia, in *Archeologia e restauro dei monumenti (edited by R. Francovich e R. Parenti), Firenze, All'Insegna del Giglio, 1988, pp.383-402; PAGLIARA Pier Nicola, Antico e Medioevo in alcune tecniche costruttive del XV e XVI secolo, in particolare a Roma, in «Annali di architettura. Rivista del Centro internazionale di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio di Vicenza», 1998-99, nn. 10-11, pp. 223-260; PARENTI Roberto, Sulle possibilità di datazione e di classificazione delle murature, in *Archeologia e restauro dei monumenti (edited by di R. Francovich e R. Parenti), Firenze, All'Insegna del Giglio, 1988, pp.280-304; QUARONI Ludovico, Progettare un edificio. Otto lezioni di architettura, Milano, Mazzotta, 1977, pp. 173-194; SALVATORI Marcello, Introduzione: interesse degli studi metrologici ai fini della storia dell'architettura, in Metrologia e Tecniche Costruttive. Atti della giornata di studio, Facoltà di Architettura di Pescara, 3 marzo 1998 (edited by S. D'Avino e M. Salvatori), in "Contributi", 1998, n. 5, pp. 5-8; SALVATORI Marcello, Manuale di metrologia, Napoli, Liguori, 2006.

The course will make use, for the theoretical parts on general and method-related matters, of traditional type lessons, but also flipped classroom, for an immediate comparison on the level of learning, beside on-site surveys and visits to monuments and construction sites, to develop the ability to read architectural characters and have a comparison on methods and materials, and, for the application aspects, of review seminars held by the teachers, with a group discussion, as work progresses, of the drawings produced during the exercises carried out on monuments or the significant parts of them with preservation problems. The drawings will cover the following topics: 1 - territorial framing of the monument, with references to roads, orography, settlement characteristics, regulations; 2 - survey drawings (as a critical analysis of the 'architectural text'), strictly aimed at full comprehension, in particular historical-aesthetic, tectonic and diagnostic, of the building: metric survey carried out with direct method (plans, elevations, sections scale 1:100/1:50/1:20) possibly integrated with surveys with indirect method (total station, laser scanner, photogrammetry); architectural survey (plans, elevations, sections scale 1:100/1:50/1:20) with the material characteristics of the study building; analysis of masonry and surface finishes (scale 1:10); 3 - historical-critical research on bibliographic, cartographic and archival sources on the subject under study and on the context as much as useful to the understanding of this, with and the drafting of a chronology; 4- analysis of the masonry; 5- analysis of the architectural construction characteristics of the object of study; 6- metrological-proportional analysis: research on possible units of measurement and proportioning systems used for the realization of the factory and its possible transformations; 7 - comparison analysis on typological, stylistic, metrological, proportional and material aspects of the monument and its wall system; 8- critical summary of data collected from direct and indirect sources, and identification of the most important historical phases.

Together with an introduction to the discipline of conservation, the course will propose the study of methods and instruments for the knowledge of historical buildings. Aiming at an historical and hermeneutical comprehension of architecture, several different investigations, focusing on typological, expressive and constructive features of the monument, will be developed. The operational activities will be completed with a focus on their theoretical component. The case study will involve the reading of a monument, or a significant part of it (necessarily accessible for the direct survey), that shows problems of conservation. The study will aim at the knowledge of the building and its transformation phases. The frontal lessons will tackle: - a brief introduction to conservation (10 hours): • architectural layering as a key for conservation • short nods on history and development through time of conservation theory • nods on history of architectural historiography: from a design tool to historical discipline. - Information to develop the case study (50 hours): • Territorial and landscape context: identification of natural and anthropic features, transformation through time and conditioning on the examined architecture. • Quick reminders of architectural drawing and survey: the direct study of the building, the various scale of representation. • Bibliographical, archival and iconographical research: identification of sources (their nature critical or philological, trust) and study of the critical literature written on the examined building. • Philological reconstruction: methods and operational consequences • Proportions and harmony of the parts within architecture. Spatial, geometrical and metrological study: modules, tracks and measure units. • Types and typologies in architecture. Typological analysis within geographical and historical context. • Architectural language, style and formativity. Theoretical implications and individual and comparative study of language specificities. • The historical building: a quick glance to historical treaties • The historical building: constructive elements and techniques • Complexity of architectural organism: the reading of permanences and transformations Operational issues of the historical and critical study of architecture (15 hours) - Interest declaration and the Italian cultural heritage protection system. Quick references to the Cultural Heritage Code. - Outstanding Universal Value declaration for the inscription in the Unesco World Heritage List.

The course doesn’t have prerequisites with other courses. However, it is considered significant condition to have basic knowledge on architectural history, survey and representation.

Attendance at the course implies, in addition to participation in lectures, also attendance at off-site lectures and the elaboration of the proposed experiences.

The exam consists of two tests. One aims to verify the learning of the method of critical end historical study of architecture, through an oral discussion on the research carried out. The other intends to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of the theoretical issues necessary to apply this method with awareness and critical ability, through an interview on the topics covered during the course. To pass the exam it is necessary to obtain a mark of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that she/he has acquired a sufficient knowledge of the theoretical topics underlying the refinement of the tools for architectural research, both in reference to the philological and interpretative component. Moreover she/he has to demonstrate to be able to elaborate a historical-critical synthesis so as to return the phases of transformation of the building moving from the survey and focussed analyses such as: the elaboration of the chronology, defined on the basis of the bibliographic study (possibly also archival), the studies of type, geometric layout and architectural language and the reading of constructive elements and techniques employed. To achieve a mark of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent way. To encourage a progressive study that runs in parallel with the course, a series of ongoing evaluations are proposed which, if positive, can exempt from the final discussion of the topics involved in the tests.

Together with an introduction to the discipline of conservation, the course will propose the study of methods and instruments for the knowledge of historical buildings. Aiming at an historical and hermeneutical comprehension of architecture, several different investigations, focusing on typological, expressive and constructive features of the monument, will be developed. The operational activities will be completed with a focus on their theoretical component. The case study will involve the reading of a monument, or a significant part of it (necessarily accessible for the direct survey), that shows problems of conservation. The study will aim at the knowledge of the building and its transformation phases. The frontal lessons will tackle: - a brief introduction to conservation (10 hours): • architectural layering as a key for conservation • short nods on history and development through time of conservation theory • nods on history of architectural historiography: from a design tool to historical discipline. - Information to develop the case study (50 hours): • Territorial and landscape context: identification of natural and anthropic features, transformation through time and conditioning on the examined architecture. • Quick reminders of architectural drawing and survey: the direct study of the building, the various scale of representation. • Bibliographical, archival and iconographical research: identification of sources (their nature critical or philological, trust) and study of the critical literature written on the examined building. • Philological reconstruction: methods and operational consequences • Proportions and harmony of the parts within architecture. Spatial, geometrical and metrological study: modules, tracks and measure units. • Types and typologies in architecture. Typological analysis within geographical and historical context. • Architectural language, style and formativity. Theoretical implications and individual and comparative study of language specificities. • The historical building: a quick glance to historical treaties • The historical building: constructive elements and techniques • Complexity of architectural organism: the reading of permanences and transformations Operational issues of the historical and critical study of architecture (15 hours) - Interest declaration and the Italian cultural heritage protection system. Quick references to the Cultural Heritage Code. - Outstanding Universal Value declaration for the inscription in the Unesco World Heritage List.

The course doesn’t have prerequisites with other courses. However, it is considered significant condition to have basic knowledge on architectural history, survey and representation.

Attendance at the course implies, in addition to participation in lectures, also attendance at off-site lectures and the elaboration of the proposed experiences.

The exam consists of two tests. One aims to verify the learning of the method of critical end historical study of architecture, through an oral discussion on the research carried out. The other intends to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of the theoretical issues necessary to apply this method with awareness and critical ability, through an interview on the topics covered during the course. To pass the exam it is necessary to obtain a mark of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that she/he has acquired a sufficient knowledge of the theoretical topics underlying the refinement of the tools for architectural research, both in reference to the philological and interpretative component. Moreover she/he has to demonstrate to be able to elaborate a historical-critical synthesis so as to return the phases of transformation of the building moving from the survey and focussed analyses such as: the elaboration of the chronology, defined on the basis of the bibliographic study (possibly also archival), the studies of type, geometric layout and architectural language and the reading of constructive elements and techniques employed. To achieve a mark of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent way. To encourage a progressive study that runs in parallel with the course, a series of ongoing evaluations are proposed which, if positive, can exempt from the final discussion of the topics involved in the tests.

Together with an introduction to the discipline of conservation, to the course will propose the study of constructive and expressive aspects of the monument. The case study will involve the reading of a monument, or a significant part of it (necessarily accessible for the direct survey), that shows problems of conservation. The study will aim at the knowledge of the building and its transformation phases. The frontal lessons will tackle with: - a brief introduction to conservation (10 hours): • the basic terminology; • short nods on history and development through time of conservation theory • the links between knowledge of the historical building and the conservation design • an introduction to the survey methodology for the knowledge of the historical building - methods and tools for knowledge within conservation (32 hours): • the historical research for conservation; • the use of the survey as a tool of knowledge; • proportions and harmony of the parts within architecture: geometrical and metrological study; • typological analysis within geographical and historical context; • architectural language, style and formativity: individual and comparative study of language specificities; • historical and critical synthesis of the transformation phases of a building. - constructive and expressive characters of a historical building (33 hours): • technologies and construction techniques of ancient masonry: vocabulary, generality on natural materials; • technologies and construction techniques of ancient walls: lexicon, general information on artificial materials (bricks); • masonry structures; • the architectural body: foundations; • the architectural organism: elevated and constructive details; • plasters and coatings in historic buildings; • wooden structures in historic buildings: floors and roofs; • arched and vaulted structures in historic buildings

It is necessary to know the tools and techniques of survey and representation of architecture. It is necessary to know the history of ancient and medieval architecture.

Main reference texts - A. BRUSCHI, Introduzione alla storia dell’architettura. Considerazioni sul metodo e sulla storia degli studi, Milano 2009; - G. CARBONARA (a cura di), Trattato di restauro architettonico, Torino, 1996; vol. II, pp. 3-192; pp. 261-288; pp. 297-418; pp. 419-586; - G. CARBONARA (diretto da), Atlante del Restauro, Torino, 2004; - D. FIORANI, Restauro architettonico e strumento informatico. Guida agli elaborati grafici, Napoli 2004; - L. GAZZOLA, Architettura e tipologia, Roma 1987; - J. SUMMERSON, Il linguaggio classico dell’architettura, Torino 1975 Texts for further studies (some examples) - J. P. ADAM, L'arte di costruire presso i romani, Longanesi, Milano 1988 (1a ed. 1984); - S. BENEDETTI, Per una metodologia del processo storico critico, in F. COLONNA e S. COSTANTINI (a cura di) Principi e metodi della storia dell’architettura e l’eredità della scuola romana, Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Roma 26-28 marzo 1992, Roma 1994, pp.73-78. - A. BOATO, L' archeologia in architettura: misurazioni, stratigrafie, datazioni, restauro, Venezia 2008; - R. BONELLI, Storiografia e restauro, in “Restauro”, 51, 1980, pp. 83-91; - C. BRANDI, Struttura e architettura, Roma 1967; - A. BRUSCHI, Metodi di ricerca storico critica sull’architettura, in G. SPAGNESI, Storia e restauro dell’architettura, Proposte di metodo, Roma 1984, pp. 15-34; - G. CANIGGIA, G. L. Maffei, Lettura dell’edilizi di base, Venezia1979; - D. FIORANI, Tecniche costruttive murarie medievali. Il Lazio meridionale, Roma 1996; - C. MARTI ARIS, Le variazioni dell'identità: il tipo in architettura (ed. italiana a cura di M. De Benedetti), Milano 1990; - E. MONTELLI, Tecniche costruttive murarie medievali, Roma 2011; - P. N. PAGLIARA, Note su murature e intonaci a Roma tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento, in «Ricerche di Storia dell'Arte», 1980, 11, pp. 35-48; - M. SALVATORI, Manuale di metrologia. Per architetti studiosi di storia dell'architettura e archeologi in Italia, Napoli 2006.

The course will consist of traditional lessons for theoretical contributions and general issues of method, a series of outdoor lessons (monumental areas or places of culture as libraries or archives) and seminars through which the case studies will be discussed.

The frequency is optional. However, students are encouraged to attend both the 'ex cathedra' lessons and the exercises schedule.

The final exam is a discussion of the graphic works produced and an oral test about the topics dealt with in the lessons and contained in the basic bibliography. It is possible to take the exam through a unique final interview or to split it into separate parts developed during the course and at the end of it.

To know more (some examples) - J. P. ADAM, L'arte di costruire presso i romani, Longanesi, Milano 1988 (1a ed. 1984); - S. BENEDETTI, Per una metodologia del processo storico critico, in F. COLONNA e S. COSTANTINI (a cura di) Principi e metodi della storia dell’architettura e l’eredità della scuola romana, Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Roma 26-28 marzo 1992, Roma 1994, pp.73-78. - A. BOATO, L' archeologia in architettura: misurazioni, stratigrafie, datazioni, restauro, Venezia 2008; - R. BONELLI, Storiografia e restauro, in “Restauro”, 51, 1980, pp. 83-91; - C. BRANDI, Struttura e architettura, Roma 1967; - A. BRUSCHI, Metodi di ricerca storico critica sull’architettura, in G. SPAGNESI, Storia e restauro dell’architettura, Proposte di metodo, Roma 1984, pp. 15-34; - G. CANIGGIA, G. L. Maffei, Lettura dell’edilizi di base, Venezia1979; - D. FIORANI, Tecniche costruttive murarie medievali. Il Lazio meridionale, Roma 1996; - C. MARTI ARIS, Le variazioni dell'identità: il tipo in architettura (ed. italiana a cura di M. De Benedetti), Milano 1990; - E. MONTELLI, Tecniche costruttive murarie medievali, Roma 2011; - P. N. PAGLIARA, Note su murature e intonaci a Roma tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento, in «Ricerche di Storia dell'Arte», 1980, 11, pp. 35-48; - M. SALVATORI, Manuale di metrologia. Per architetti studiosi di storia dell'architettura e archeologi in Italia, Napoli 2006.

The course will consist of traditional lessons for theoretical contributions and general issues of method, a series of outdoor lessons (monumental areas or places of culture as libraries or archives) and seminars through which the case studies will be discussed.