Industrial pharmacy

1. The experimental method. Measurements and observables in physics. The International System of units. Dimensions of a physical quantity. Changing units of measurement. Measurement errors. 2. Probability and statistical analysis. Random variables, probability distributions, and main distributions (uniform, binomial, Poissonian, Gaussian). Expected value, variance, experimental distributions of data and their representation. 3. Kinematics in one dimension. Reference frames. Average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Geometric interpretation of the concept of derivative. One-dimensional uniform motion. One-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion. 4. Kinematics in two and three dimensions. Scalar and vectors. Vector decomposition: addition, subtraction, and products among vectors. Motion in three-dimensional space. Tangential and normal acceleration. Freely falling bodies. Uniform circular motion. Angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and equations of motion. 5. Point dynamics: Newton’s laws and forces. Definition of force. Inertial reference frames. Newton’s laws. Definition of mass. How to measure forces. Origin of forces. Weight. The universal law of gravitation. Normal forces. Tension force. Dry and fluid friction. Inclined plane: with and without friction. Elastic force. Oscillatory and periodic motions. Simple pendulum. Centripetal force and apparent forces. 6. Work and energy Work done by a force. Work done by weight, elastic force, and friction. Kinetic energy. Work-energy theorem. Power. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Potential energy for weight, gravitational and elastic forces. Conservation of mechanical energy. Energy balance in the harmonic oscillator. Non-conservative forces. 7. Dynamics of a system of particles. Dynamic equations of motion for a system of point-like bodies. Impulse and momentum. Conservation of momentum (first cardinal equation). Elastic and inelastic collisions. 8. Fluid mechanics. Fluid and liquid properties. Density and pressure. Stevino's law. Pascal's law. Communicating vessels. Archimedes’ principle. Applications to the circulatory system. Fluids in motion. Flow rate. Bernoulli's equation. Real fluids. Viscosity and superficial tension. Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism 9. A thermodynamic system and state variables. Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Thermometers and scales. The law of thermic expansion. Thermodynamic transformations: isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic. Gay-Lussac's laws. Boyle-Marriot law. Absolute temperature and the ideal gas law. Avogadro's number and Dalton's law. Exercises on thermodynamics. Kinetic theory of gases. 10. Calorimetry and heat transmission. Heat: measurement and units. Heat capacity and specific heat. Phase transitions. Latent heat. Evaporation and boiling. Heat propagation (conduction, convection, irradiation). 11. First principle of thermodynamics. Work in thermodynamics. Thermodynamic cycles. Heat and work: Internal energy. Free expansion. Perfect gas specific heats: constant V and P. Adiabatic transformations. Exercises on first principle and thermodynamic cycles. Thermic machines and performances. Carnot's cycle. 12. Second principle of thermodynamics. The state function entropy. Entropy variation for perfect gases. Work and heat in reversible and irreversible isothermal transformations. Entropy variation in irreversible adiabatic transformations. Exercises on thermic machines. Exercises on entropy. 13. Electrostatics. Electric charges. Electrostatic forces. Coulomb's law. Electric field. Dipolar electric field. Exercises on Coulomb force and electric field. 14. Gauss's theorem and its applications. Vector's flow through an oriented surface. Gauss's theorem demonstration. Main examples: electric field of a point-like charge and charge distributions over an infinite wire, a sphere, a layer and a double layer. Gauss's theorem exercises. 15. Electrostatic potential and equipotential surfaces. Exercises. Electric conductors and capacitors. Electric conductors and insulating. Properties. Electrostatic induction. Electric capacity. 16. Electric current and circuits. Definition of electric current. Conduction in metals. Resistivity and resistance. Ohm's laws. Energy and power in electric circuits: Joule's effect. Capacitors. Accumulated energy. 17. Magnetic field. Cross product among vectors. Magnetic field of a magnet. Electric current and magnetic field. Magnetic field generated by an infinite wire traversed by current: Biot-Savart's law. First Laplace's law. Magnetic field in the center of a spire. Gauss's theorem. Ampere's theorem. Magnetic field in a solenoid and in a toroid. Exercises. 18.Magnetic forces. Second Laplace's law. Definition of Ampere. Lorentz's force. Charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. Mass spectrometer and velocity selector.

Knowledge of basic mathematics (second and higher-order equations, inequalities, systems of equations), calculus (limits, derivatives, study of functions), geometry, and trigonometry. Elements of vector calculus are included in the syllabus.

Serway, Jewett – "Fondamenti di Fisica", Ed. EdiSES (VI Edizione). Filatrella, Giovanni e Romano, Paola – “Elaborazione statistica dei dati sperimentali con elementi di laboratorio” Ed. Edises (II Edizione) Possible additional source to the adopted text: Ferrari, Luci, Mariani, Pelissetto – "Fisica 1" and "Fisica 2", Ed. Idelson-Gnocchi.

Lectures are in presence according to the University rules.

The exam consists of a written test with exercises similar to the ones done during the lessons that will last 2-3 hours and an oral test. A mark >= 15 lets you access the oral exam. The oral exam is compulsory for all those who have obtained a mark <= 18 in the written exam. The oral exam must be held or in the same session either within the next two sessions (April and November sessions do not count) of the written exam. The oral exam includes open questions aimed at ascertaining the knowledge of the theory and the understanding of the concepts inherent to the various topics covered in the course. Participation in a written test cancels the previous one unless you withdraw by the first hour of the test. No books, notes or collections of exercises may be used during the writing. Only the use of the formula sheet provided by the course teachers is allowed.

The lessons will include lectures and exercises. The frontal teaching will allow to acquire the knowledge of scientific methodology and the concepts and formalism of elements of statistics, Newtonian mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. The exercises aim to apply the learned concepts to solving simple practical problems, to enhance mastery of the subject matter and its use in an independent manner.

Mechanics and statistical elements (3/6) 1. The experimental method. Measurements and observables in physics. The International System of units. Dimensions of a physical quantity. Changing units of measurement. Measurement errors. 2. Probability and statistical analysis. Random variables, probability distributions, and main distributions (uniform, binomial, Poissonian, Gaussian). Expected value, variance, experimental distributions of data and their representation. 3. Kinematics in one dimension. Reference frames. Average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Geometric interpretation of the concept of derivative. One-dimensional uniform motion. One-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion. 4. Kinematics in two and three dimensions. Scalar and vectors. Vector decomposition: addition, subtraction, and products among vectors. Motion in three-dimensional space. Tangential and normal acceleration. Freely falling bodies. Uniform circular motion. Angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and equations of motion. 5. Point dynamics: Newton’s laws and forces. Definition of force. Inertial reference frames. Newton’s laws. Definition of mass. How to measure forces. Origin of forces. Weight. The universal law of gravitation. Normal forces. Tension force. Dry and fluid friction. Inclined plane: with and without friction. Elastic force. Oscillatory and periodic motions. Simple pendulum. Centripetal force and apparent forces. 6. Work and energy Work done by a force. Work done by weight, elastic force, and friction. Kinetic energy. Work-energy theorem. Power. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Potential energy for weight, gravitational and elastic forces. Conservation of mechanical energy. Energy balance in the harmonic oscillator. Non-conservative forces. 7. Dynamics of a system of particles. Dynamic equations of motion for a system of point-like bodies. Impulse and momentum. Conservation of momentum (first cardinal equation). Elastic and inelastic collisions. 8. Fluid mechanics. Fluid and liquid properties. Density and pressure. Stevino's law. Pascal's law. Communicating vessels. Archimedes’ principle. Applications to the circulatory system. Fluids in motion. Flow rate. Bernoulli's equation. Elements of real fluids, viscosity and superficial tension. Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism (3/6 CFU) 9. A thermodynamic system and state variables. Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Thermometers and scales. The law of thermic expansion. Thermodynamic transformations: isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic. Gay-Lussac's laws. Boyle-Marriot law. Absolute temperature and the ideal gas law. Elements of the kinetic theory of gases. 10. Calorimetry and heat transmission. Heat: measurement and units. Heat capacity and specific heat. Phase transitions. Latent heat. Evaporation and boiling. Elements of heat propagation (conduction, convection, irradiation). 11. First principle of thermodynamics. Work in thermodynamics. Thermodynamic cycles. Heat and work: Internal energy. Free expansion. Perfect gas specific heats: constant V and P. Adiabatic transformations. Thermic machines and performances. Carnot's cycle. 12. Second principle of thermodynamics. The state function entropy. Entropy variation for perfect gases. Work and heat in reversible and irreversible isothermal transformations. Entropy variation in irreversible adiabatic transformations. 13. Electrostatics. Electric charges. Electrostatic forces. Coulomb's law. Electric field. Dipolar electric field. 14. Gauss's theorem and its applications. Vector's flow through an oriented surface. Gauss's theorem demonstration. Main examples: electric field of a point-like charge and charge distributions over an infinite wire, a sphere, a layer and a double layer. 15. Electrostatic potential and equipotential surfaces. Exercises. Electric conductors and capacitors. Electric conductors and insulating. Properties. Electrostatic induction. Electric capacity. 16. Electric current and circuits. Definition of electric current. Conduction in metals. Resistivity and resistance. Ohm's laws. Energy and power in electric circuits: Joule's effect. Capacitors. Accumulated energy. 17. Magnetic field. Cross product among vectors. Magnetic field of a magnet. Electric current and magnetic field. Magnetic field generated by an infinite wire traversed by current: Biot-Savart's law. First Laplace's law. Magnetic field in the center of a spire. Gauss's theorem. Ampere's theorem. Magnetic field in a solenoid and in a toroid. 18.Magnetic forces. Second Laplace's law. Definition of Ampere. Lorentz's force. Charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. Mass spectrometer and velocity selector.

Knowledge of basic mathematics (second and higher-order equations, inequalities, systems of equations), calculus (limits, derivatives, study of functions), geometry, and trigonometry. Elements of vector calculus are included in the syllabus.

Filatrella, Giovanni e Romano, Paola – “Elaborazione statistica dei dati sperimentali con elementi di laboratorio” Ed. Edises (II Edizione) Serway, Jewett – "Fondamenti di Fisica", Ed. EdiSES (VI Edizione). Possible additional source to the adopted text: Ferrari, Luci, Mariani, Pelissetto – "Fisica 1" e "Fisica 2", Ed. Idelson-Gnocchi.

Lectures are in presence according to the University rules.

The exam consists of a written test and an oral test. The writing consists of some exercises to be solved. A mark >= 15 lets you access the oral exam. The oral exam is compulsory for all those who have obtained a mark <= 18 in the written exam. The oral exam must be held in the sessions of the same academic year as the written exam. The oral exam includes open questions aimed at ascertaining the knowledge of the theory and the understanding of the concepts inherent to the various topics covered in the course. Participation in a written test cancels the previous one unless you withdraw by the end of the test. No books, notes or collections of exercises may be used during the writing. Only the use of the formula sheet provided by the course teachers and of the calculator are allowed.

Filatrella, Giovanni e Romano, Paola – “Elaborazione statistica dei dati sperimentali con elementi di laboratorio” Ed. Edises (II Edizione)

The lessons will include lectures and exercises. The frontal teaching will allow to acquire the knowledge of scientific methodology and the concepts and formalism of elements of statistics, Newtonian mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. The exercises aim to apply the learned concepts to solving simple practical problems, to enhance mastery of the subject matter and its use in an independent manner.

* Introduction, mathematical and statistical elements (5 hours) 1. Classical and quantum physics. Scientific method. Physical laws. Physical quantities, fundamental and derived quantities. Dimensional analysis. International system, units of mass, length, time. Scientific notation, orders of magnitude. Equivalences. 2. Probability and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics: basic definitions, experimental distributions of data and their representation. Probability: definitions. Random variables and main distributions (uniform, binomial, Poissonian, Gaussian). Expected value, variance. 3. Measurement errors. Absolute and relative error. Systematic errors. Single measure result. Result of many measurements, mean and mean squared error. Significant digits. 4. Reference systems. Cartesian and polar coordinates. Trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent. 5. Scalars and vectors. Operations with vectors, addition and subtraction, scalar and vector product. 6. Review of differential and integral calculus. * Mechanics (28 hours) 7. Kinematics. Material point, position, displacement, time law, average speed. Instantaneous speed as a limit of the average speed and as a derivative of the time law. Geometric interpretation. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion. Uniformly accelerated motion. Motion of a body in free fall. Finding position from velocity and velocity from acceleration. 8. Projectile motion: trajectory, range, maximum height. Normal and tangential acceleration, Uniform circular motion. 9. Forces. First, second and third law of dynamics. Inertial and non-inertial systems. Law of universal gravitation, force of gravity on earth. Notes of forces in nature. Binding reactions. Normal reaction, static and dynamic friction force, resistance forces of the medium, tension of a rope. Inclined plane with and without friction. The elastic force. Harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Centripetal force. The apparent forces (centrifugal force and hints). 10. Work of a force. Work of the weight force, of the elastic force, of the dynamic friction force. Kinetic energy and kinetic energy theorem. Power. Conservative and non-conservative forces. Potential energy, relationship between force and potential energy. Potential energy of the gravitational field, of the harmonic oscillator. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Escape velocity from earth. Mechanical energy in the presence of conservative forces. 11. Momentum. Impulse of a force. First cardinal equation of a material point system. Law of conservation of momentum. Collisions. Central elastic collisions. Inelastic collisions. Totally inelastic collisions. 12. Properties of fluids. Density and pressure. Stevino's law. Pascal's law. Communicating vessels. Torricelli barometer. Archimedes' principle. Applications to the circulatory system. Fluids in motion. Flow rate. Bernoulli equation. Venturi effect, law of outflow. Real fluids. Viscosity and Poiseuille's law (notes). Surface tension and Laplace's law (notes). * Thermodynamics (8 hours) 13. Thermodynamic system. State variables. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Temperature. Thermal expansion. Mercury thermometer. Gas thermometer. Celsius and Fahrenheit scale. Absolute temperature. Thermodynamic transformations. Gay-Lussac and Boyle-Mariotte laws. Perfect gases. Equations of state of perfect gases. Kinetic theory of gases. Microscopic interpretation of pressure and temperature. Principle of equipartition of energy. 14. Heat. Thermal capacity and specific heat of solids and liquids. Molar specific heat. Equilibrium temperature. Changes of state and latent heat. Evaporation and boiling. Heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. 15. Work in thermodynamic transformations. Work in the PV plan. Work in isochoric transformations, reversible isobars, reversible isotherms of an ideal gas. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy. Free expansion of an ideal gas. Internal energy of an ideal gas. Molar specific heats of an ideal gas. Reversible adiabatic transformations of an ideal gas. 16. Thermal machines, refrigeration machines, heat pumps. Performance and COP. Carnot machine. Second law of thermodynamics, Clausius and Kelvin statements. Entropy. Entropy and disorder. * Electromagnetism (19 hours) 17. Electrical phenomena, electric charge, charge density. Conductors and insulators. Induction and polarization. Coulomb's law. Electric force and field, superposition principle, field of a point charge. Electric dipole. Electric field lines. Motion of an electron in a uniform electric field. Electric field flux, Gauss theorem. Uniformly charged sphere, infinite flat plate, double layer. 18. Electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential energy. Potential of a point electric charge. Potential difference in a uniform electric field. 19. Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. Coulomb theorem, point effect. Charged conducting sphere. Electrostatic screen. Electric capacity. Condensers, plane condenser. Energy stored in a capacitor. Energy density of the electric field. Dielectric filled capacitor. 20. Direct electric current, drift velocity, current density. Electric resistance, Ohm's laws. Joule effect. 21. Magnetic phenomena, magnetic field. Force on a wire carrying a current in an external magnetic field. Lorentz force. Motion of a charge in a uniform magnetic field with velocity perpendicular to the field. Speed selector and mass spectrometer. Magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire. Biot-Savart law. Magnetic field generated by a circular coil (in the center) carrying current. Gauss's theorem for the magnetic field. Faraday's law. Lenz's law. * Introduction, mathematical and statistical elements 1. Classical and quantum physics. Scientific method. Physical laws. Physical quantities, fundamental and derived quantities. Dimensional analysis. International system, units of mass, length, time. Scientific notation, orders of magnitude. Equivalences. 2. Probability and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics: basic definitions, experimental distributions of data and their representation. Probability: definitions. Random variables and main distributions (uniform, binomial, Poissonian, Gaussian). Expected value, variance. 3. Measurement errors. Absolute and relative error. Systematic errors. Single measure result. Result of many measurements, mean and mean squared error. Significant digits. 4. Reference systems. Cartesian and polar coordinates. Trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent. 5. Scalars and vectors. Operations with vectors, addition and subtraction, scalar and vector product. 6. Review of differential and integral calculus. * Mechanics 7. Kinematics. Material point, position, displacement, time law, average speed. Instantaneous speed as a limit of the average speed and as a derivative of the time law. Geometric interpretation. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion. Uniformly accelerated motion. Motion of a body in free fall. Finding position from velocity and velocity from acceleration. 8. Projectile motion: trajectory, range, maximum height. Normal and tangential acceleration, Uniform circular motion. 9. Forces. First, second and third law of dynamics. Inertial and non-inertial systems. Law of universal gravitation, force of gravity on earth. Notes of forces in nature. Binding reactions. Normal reaction, static and dynamic friction force, resistance forces of the medium, tension of a rope. Inclined plane with and without friction. The elastic force. Harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Centripetal force. The apparent forces (centrifugal force and hints). 10. Work of a force. Work of the weight force, of the elastic force, of the dynamic friction force. Kinetic energy and kinetic energy theorem. Power. Conservative and non-conservative forces. Potential energy, relationship between force and potential energy. Potential energy of the gravitational field, of the harmonic oscillator. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Escape velocity from earth. Mechanical energy in the presence of conservative forces. 11. Momentum. Impulse of a force. First cardinal equation of a material point system. Law of conservation of momentum. Collisions. Central elastic collisions. Inelastic collisions. Totally inelastic collisions. 12. Properties of fluids. Density and pressure. Stevino's law. Pascal's law. Communicating vessels. Torricelli barometer. Archimedes' principle. Applications to the circulatory system. Fluids in motion. Flow rate. Bernoulli equation. Venturi effect, law of outflow. Real fluids. Viscosity and Poiseuille's law (notes). Surface tension and Laplace's law (notes). * Thermodynamics 13. Thermodynamic system. State variables. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Temperature. Thermal expansion. Mercury thermometer. Gas thermometer. Celsius and Fahrenheit scale. Absolute temperature. Thermodynamic transformations. Gay-Lussac and Boyle-Mariotte laws. Perfect gases. Equations of state of perfect gases. Kinetic theory of gases. Microscopic interpretation of pressure and temperature. Principle of equipartition of energy. 14. Heat. Thermal capacity and specific heat of solids and liquids. Molar specific heat. Equilibrium temperature. Changes of state and latent heat. Evaporation and boiling. Heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. 15. Work in thermodynamic transformations. Work in the PV plan. Work in isochoric transformations, reversible isobars, reversible isotherms of an ideal gas. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy. Free expansion of an ideal gas. Internal energy of an ideal gas. Molar specific heats of an ideal gas. Reversible adiabatic transformations of an ideal gas. 16. Thermal machines, refrigeration machines, heat pumps. Performance and COP. Carnot machine. Second law of thermodynamics, Clausius and Kelvin statements. Entropy. Entropy and disorder. * Electromagnetism 17. Electrical phenomena, electric charge, charge density. Conductors and insulators. Induction and polarization. Coulomb's law. Electric force and field, superposition principle, field of a point charge. Electric dipole. Electric field lines. Motion of an electron in a uniform electric field. Electric field flux, Gauss theorem. Uniformly charged sphere, infinite flat plate, double layer. 18. Electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential energy. Potential of a point electric charge. Potential difference in a uniform electric field. 19. Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. Coulomb theorem, point effect. Charged conducting sphere. Electrostatic screen. Electric capacity. Condensers, plane condenser. Energy stored in a capacitor. Energy density of the electric field. Dielectric filled capacitor. 20. Direct electric current, drift velocity, current density. Electric resistance, Ohm's laws. Joule effect. 21. Magnetic phenomena, magnetic field. Force on a wire carrying a current in an external magnetic field. Lorentz force. Motion of a charge in a uniform magnetic field with velocity perpendicular to the field. Speed selector and mass spectrometer. Magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire. Biot-Savart law. Magnetic field generated by a circular coil (in the center) carrying current. Gauss's theorem for the magnetic field. Faraday's law. Lenz's law. * Introduction, mathematical and statistical elements 1. Classical and quantum physics. Scientific method. Physical laws. Physical quantities, fundamental and derived quantities. Dimensional analysis. International system, units of mass, length, time. Scientific notation, orders of magnitude. Equivalences. 2. Probability and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics: basic definitions, experimental distributions of data and their representation. Probability: definitions. Random variables and main distributions (uniform, binomial, Poissonian, Gaussian). Expected value, variance. 3. Measurement errors. Absolute and relative error. Systematic errors. Single measure result. Result of many measurements, mean and mean squared error. Significant digits. 4. Reference systems. Cartesian and polar coordinates. Trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent. 5. Scalars and vectors. Operations with vectors, addition and subtraction, scalar and vector product. 6. Review of differential and integral calculus. * Mechanics 7. Kinematics. Material point, position, displacement, time law, average speed. Instantaneous speed as a limit of the average speed and as a derivative of the time law. Geometric interpretation. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion. Uniformly accelerated motion. Motion of a body in free fall. Finding position from velocity and velocity from acceleration. 8. Projectile motion: trajectory, range, maximum height. Normal and tangential acceleration, Uniform circular motion. 9. Forces. First, second and third law of dynamics. Inertial and non-inertial systems. Law of universal gravitation, force of gravity on earth. Notes of forces in nature. Binding reactions. Normal reaction, static and dynamic friction force, resistance forces of the medium, tension of a rope. Inclined plane with and without friction. The elastic force. Harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Centripetal force. The apparent forces (centrifugal force and hints). 10. Work of a force. Work of the weight force, of the elastic force, of the dynamic friction force. Kinetic energy and kinetic energy theorem. Power. Conservative and non-conservative forces. Potential energy, relationship between force and potential energy. Potential energy of the gravitational field, of the harmonic oscillator. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Escape velocity from earth. Mechanical energy in the presence of conservative forces. 11. Momentum. Impulse of a force. First cardinal equation of a material point system. Law of conservation of momentum. Collisions. Central elastic collisions. Inelastic collisions. Totally inelastic collisions. 12. Properties of fluids. Density and pressure. Stevino's law. Pascal's law. Communicating vessels. Torricelli barometer. Archimedes' principle. Applications to the circulatory system. Fluids in motion. Flow rate. Bernoulli equation. Venturi effect, law of outflow. Real fluids. Viscosity and Poiseuille's law (notes). Surface tension and Laplace's law (notes). * Thermodynamics 13. Thermodynamic system. State variables. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Temperature. Thermal expansion. Mercury thermometer. Gas thermometer. Celsius and Fahrenheit scale. Absolute temperature. Thermodynamic transformations. Gay-Lussac and Boyle-Mariotte laws. Perfect gases. Equations of state of perfect gases. Kinetic theory of gases. Microscopic interpretation of pressure and temperature. Principle of equipartition of energy. 14. Heat. Thermal capacity and specific heat of solids and liquids. Molar specific heat. Equilibrium temperature. Changes of state and latent heat. Evaporation and boiling. Heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. 15. Work in thermodynamic transformations. Work in the PV plan. Work in isochoric transformations, reversible isobars, reversible isotherms of an ideal gas. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy. Free expansion of an ideal gas. Internal energy of an ideal gas. Molar specific heats of an ideal gas. Reversible adiabatic transformations of an ideal gas. 16. Thermal machines, refrigeration machines, heat pumps. Performance and COP. Carnot machine. Second law of thermodynamics, Clausius and Kelvin statements. Entropy. Entropy and disorder. * Electromagnetism 17. Electrical phenomena, electric charge, charge density. Conductors and insulators. Induction and polarization. Coulomb's law. Electric force and field, superposition principle, field of a point charge. Electric dipole. Electric field lines. Motion of an electron in a uniform electric field. Electric field flux, Gauss theorem. Uniformly charged sphere, infinite flat plate, double layer. 18. Electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential energy. Potential of a point electric charge. Potential difference in a uniform electric field. 19. Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. Coulomb theorem, point effect. Charged conducting sphere. Electrostatic screen. Electric capacity. Condensers, plane condenser. Energy stored in a capacitor. Energy density of the electric field. Dielectric filled capacitor. 20. Direct electric current, drift velocity, current density. Electric resistance, Ohm's laws. Joule effect. 21. Magnetic phenomena, magnetic field. Force on a wire carrying a current in an external magnetic field. Lorentz force. Motion of a charge in a uniform magnetic field with velocity perpendicular to the field. Speed selector and mass spectrometer. Magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire. Biot-Savart law. Magnetic field generated by a circular coil (in the center) carrying current. Gauss's theorem for the magnetic field. Faraday's law. Lenz's law.

Basic mathematics common to all five-year upper secondary school courses. The following topics will be re-covered in class: equivalences, proportions, powers, logarithms, exponential function, sine and cosine, elements of trigonometry, various grades equations, inequalities, systems of linear equations. Elements of vector, differential, integral calculus are included in the course.

Raymond A. Serway e John W. Jewett, Jr. Fondamenti di Fisica Raymond A. Serway e John W. Jewett, Jr. Principi di Fisica, V Edizione (Ed. EdiSES S.r.l) Ferrari, Luci, Mariani, Pelissetto Fisica 1 e Fisica 2, Idelson-Gnocchi, 2013 Focardi,Mass,Uguzzoni Fisica Generale: Meccanica e termodinamica, Ambrosiana, 2005 Filatrella, Romano Elaborazione Statistica dei dati sperimentali con elementi di laboratorio (Ed. EdiSES) Fowler, Jarvis, Chevannes Statistica per le professioni sanitarie (Ed. EdiSES) Wayne W. Daniel Biostatistica, concetti di base per l’analisi statistica delle scienze dell’area Medico-Sanitaria (Ed. EdiSES)

The course takes place in presence. Attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended.

The exam consists of a written and an oral part. The written part consists of a few problems/exercises that are similar to those discussed during the lessons (typically shorter/simpler), to be solved in 2-3 hours. The written part score needs to be >=15 to be able to do the oral part. The oral part consists of a discussion about one or several topics covered by the program. The oral part can be taken in the same session as of the written part or in the next two sessions (excluding extraordinary sessions in April/November). Taking part in a written exam cancels the previous one, except if the person leaves within the first hour. No textbooks or notes are allowed during the written part. The use of a formula sheet is allowed. Mobile phones are not allowed, not even as calculator. Sufficient knowledge of the topics covered by the program is required to pass the exam with minimum marks. To achieve a maximum score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of the treated topics, and the ability to expose them in a logical way and with the appropriate scientific language.

The course is delivered through lectures supplemented by exercises. The exercises, provided throughout the course, cover all the topics covered during the theoretical lessons and prepare students for the written test. Various summary sessions are foreseen in which various representative exercises of those administered in the exams are illustrated. The following are made available on the e-learning platform: a diary of the lessons, handouts, exercises and suggested quiz to integrate what was done in class with the relative solutions.