PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPY

Course objectives

General expected learning outcomes The aim of the course is to provide a comprehensive preparation to the graduate in CTF regarding the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile, adverse effects, pharmacological interactions, and toxicological aspects of the main classes of drugs, as well as their use as a therapeutic tool. Specific skills and technical vocabulary necessary to understand the drug characterization process and to describe their use in therapy will also be provided, as well as skills related to future therapeutic prospects and the rationale for designing new approaches and new drugs that selectively intervene in relevant biological mechanisms in different pathological conditions. 1. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge acquired expected: Origin and development of drugs; pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drugs in use; adverse effects and interactions between drugs. Students also have the basic knowledge necessary for the use of drugs in the medical field and the development of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The student will know qualitative and quantitative aspects of the receptor drug interaction, principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the main classes of existing drugs (drugs of the nervous system, analgesic drugs, cardiovascular drugs, sexual and cortical steroids, respiratory drugs, digestive drugs, drugs of inflammation, antimicrobial chemotherapeutics, antituberculous chemotherapeutic agents, antifungals, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anthelmintics, antineoplastic drugs, immune system drugs). The student should also acquire ability to exercise critical skills and judgment on the real effectiveness and safety of use of commercial products containing herbal drugs. The applicative autonomy (in the real life) of the concepts learned and the related objectives achieved, will also be made possible by the tools that will be provided to the student during the course, including: scientific literature to refer to, institutional websites, etc., in addition to reference teaching texts. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding Expected acquired skills: Addressing issues related to the development and use of drugs. By the end of the course, the student will be familiar with the most important and widespread therapeutic issues and the therapeutic solutions available to doctors to effectively manage and treat various pathologies. 3. Making judgements The lessons will be all interactive, in which the teacher will ask the students continuous questions to stimulate them and develop their critical sense. These questions will also serve to evaluate students to make connections, integrating the pharmacology and drug therapy considering the already acquired knowledge, biological type (basic pharmacology, anatomy human, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology). Through these interactive sessions, the student will be able to develop judgment autonomy in the field of pharmacotherapy. The course aims to train future operators who are capable, with total independence, of dispensing and properly advising the public on medicines, self-medication products, and health products. 4. Communication skills Communication skills will be stimulated and developed throughout the entire course. Students will be exposed to dynamic lessons that include in-class question-and-answer sessions and flipped classroom lessons, in which they will play a part themselves in teaching under the guidance of the teacher. Student progress will be evaluated solely through an oral exam, which will cover all program topics, testing the student's ability to communicate what they have learned. 5. Learning skills The student will find the deepening of what he heard in class on the recommended texts, institutional websiets and databases (e.g. Pubmed). The texts will remain the reference point of the student who will know where to go to find in detail the notions that are partly forgotten. Moreover, the student will also have the ability to independently undertake more advanced studies such as those aimed at professional specializations by attending post-graduate courses, specialized schools, and research doctorates, also by participating in mobility programs with foreign countries.

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PATRIZIA CAMPOLONGO Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system: - Agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors - Anticholinesterase agents - Agents acting on the neuromuscular junction and ganglia - Catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and antagonists of adrenergic receptors Drugs acting on the central nervous system: - Antipsychotic drugs - Hypnotics and sedatives - Drug therapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders - Pharmacotherapy of Psychosis and Mania - Pharmacotherapy of the Epilepsies - Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s disease - Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease - Pharmacotherapy of pain (opioid analgesics) - Drug therapy of headaches - Local and general anesthetics Drugs affecting renal and cardiovascular function: - Therapy of hypertension - Treatment of myocardial Ischemia - Pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure - Antiarrhythmic drugs - Diuretics - Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents Pharmacotherapy of inflammation: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs - Immunomodulators Drugs acting on the respiratory system: - Drugs used in the treatment of asthma - Drugs used in the treatment of cough Drugs affecting gastrointestinal function: - Pharmacotherapy of the gastric acidity, peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease - Prokinetic drugs - Antidiarrheal and antispasmodic drugs - Antiemetics Drugs affecting metabolism: - Drugs acting on glucidic homeostasis - Pharmacotherapy of lipoprotein metabolism Biological drugs Antibacterial and antiviral drugs Anti-cancer drugs
Prerequisites
To understand the contents of the didactic activities, the student is recommended to possess knowledge of basic pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry and pathology. It is also important to possess knowledge of human anatomy.
Books
- Katzung, Master, Trevor. “Farmacologia generale e Clinica” Piccin. - Goodman & Gilman “Le Basi Farmacologiche della Terapia”, Mc Graw-Hill, - Rossi, Cuomo, Riccardi “Farmacologia. Principi di base e applicazioni Terapeutiche” Ed. Minerva Medica, Torino 2017
Frequency
Class attendance is recommended to allow the student not only to acquire specific knowledge concerning the subject of the course, but also to develop communication skills and technical language through interaction with the teacher. Furthermore, the student will be stimulated to formulate judgments and critical sense regarding the topics studied in the class.
Exam mode
The achievement of the learning outcomes by the student is evaluated through an oral exam. Then following aspects will be evaluated and will contribute to the final score of the exam: the specific preparation of the student on the different course topics, the reasoning and judgment skills, and the ability to communicate with an appropriate technical language. The duration of the oral exam may vary depending on the student's skills. An average duration of about 20 minutes is conceivable. The exam will take place according to pre-established dates that are published on the Infostud and e-learning platforms. It can be postponed, should the students ask for that, of 7 or 15 days with respect to the published date. To pass the exam, the student must demonstrate acquired knowledge in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Grades will be divided as follows: 18 = sufficient knowledge; 19-23 = fair knowledge; 24-27 = good knowledge; 28-30 = excellent knowledge; 30 with laude = outstanding knowledge.
Lesson mode
Lectures, PowerPoint presentation and guided exercises in the classroom. The teaching method mainly includes lectures that involve the use of power point, databases (e.g. PubMed) and projections of short movies related to pharmacological issues that can stimulate the critical sense. All these tools will be used to promote interactive discussions in the classroom. The lectures will deal with the topics included in the program, focusing in particular on the topics that are more difficult for the student to understand and suggesting links between the various topics of the program that can help the student to tackle the study even independently.
  • Lesson code10612251
  • Academic year2024/2025
  • CourseIndustrial pharmacy
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year4th year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDBIO/14
  • CFU8
  • Subject areaDiscipline Biologiche e Farmacologiche