THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

Course objectives

General expected learning outcomes This course completes the basic knowledge of the general chemistry acquired during the first year highlighting the interconnections and introduces students to some fundamental analytical disciplines/procedures that will be developed in detail in the following years according to the specific addresses of the degree course. Specific expected learning outcomes 1. Knowledge and understanding The student becomes aware of the interconnections between the different chemical and physical properties of the molecules and of the conditions in which these properties occur, or are inhibited, from the point of view of the regulation / control mechanisms of these properties. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental topics of chemistry (salts, acids and bases, solubility, redox processes, complexes), which having been the subject of the teaching of General Chemistry in the first year of the CdL in CTF, they are now shown in the optics of their application in laboratory activities. The course includes the theoretical and applicative treatment of coordination compounds and the basics of nuclear chemistry, with particular reference to the production of artificial radioisotopes used in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine (radiopharmaceuticals). Other knowledge acquired concern the statistical foundations of Analytical Chemistry for the treatment of measures and errors, and the criteria for the graphic representation of chemical-physical processes and phenomena, useful in the laboratory activities. Finally, students receive basic training for the principles of chromatography and mass spectrometric methodologies. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the course the student will develop towards the fundamental aspects of chemical reactions and analytical chemistry, enough sensitivity to allow him to consciously deal with the subsequent courses of preparatory laboratory, quantitative analysis and separation of substances. 3. Making judgements During the lessons, the critical and judgmental skills of the students are stimulated by their active participation, both through questions by the teacher, and through the collective solution of exercises representing real cases of problems that may occur in laboratory practice. 4. Communication skills This ability emerges during the lessons, when the collective participation of the students is needed and finds the upper level during the examination, in which the student explains the logical motivations of the answers, also through the use of visual tools such as functional charts and histograms. 5. Learning skills The student is induced to study autonomously not only by reading the recommended texts, but also by researching information through computer tools, especially for those topics treated only at an introductory level during the course, but that being historically consolidated they are described more in depth on specialized websites accessible through search engines.

Channel 1
CATERINA FRASCHETTI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
-Overview of analytical measurements: random errors, mean and median, precision, accuracy, absolute and relative error, statistical treatment of random error, the normal or Gaussian distribution, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, dispersion, Q test, confidence limits, error propagation in calculated results, origin and evaluation of systematic errors. Linear relationships between property and measurement, least squares method, figures of merit for a measurement method, standard addition method. - Electrolyte solutions: ionic strength, activity coefficients, Debye-Hückel equation, salt effect on various types of equilibria, specific ion interaction theory. The water solvent, enthalpy of hydration, Latimer equation, cation hydrolysis, classification of cations based on acidity, oxoanions in water: estimation of basic strength, most common forms of elements in water (distribution and predominance diagrams), solubility predictions of ionic solids (enthalpic and entropic effects), lattice energy (Born-Haber cycle), Brønsted acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents, effective pH in water, use of non-aqueous solvents, analytical treatment and graphical representation of the behavior in water of monoprotic acids, mixtures of monoprotic acids, and polyprotic acids, distribution and formation diagrams for Brønsted acids, buffer capacity of mono- and polyprotic species. -Redox reactions: potential of a half-cell from thermodynamic calculations, redox titrations (calculation of the equilibrium constant of the reaction and the potential at the equivalence point), stability of aqueous solutions with respect to the reduction or oxidation of the solute, disproportionation, factors affecting the potential, potential-pH diagrams (Pourbaix), redox potential and solubility, formal potential. -Principles of chromatography: distribution coefficient, Craig apparatus, theoretical plates of a chromatographic column, separation factor, capacity ratio, resolution, Van Deemter equation, HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate), types of chromatographic apparatus. -Mass spectrometry: main types of sources (EI, CI, FAB, PD, FI, CAD, APCI, ESI), electrostatic, magnetic, quadrupole, time-of-flight mass analyzers, detectors (electron multiplier), ion cyclotron resonance (ICR), ion trap. The mass spectrum (main types of ions related to the type of source, molecular weight determination, resolution, isotopic abundance), brief introduction to mass spectrum interpretation, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, and MS-MS systems.
Prerequisites
The student must have acquired the knowledge provided in the first-year foundamental courses: General and Inorganic Chemistry, Physics with Elements of Statistics, and Mathematics with Elements of Computer Science.
Books
Skoog, West, Holler: “Chimica Analitica. Una introduzione” - EdiSES S.r.l. – Napoli - A.Liberti, A. Napoli: “Lezioni di Chimica Analitica” - EUROMA - Ed. Univ. Di Roma – La Goliardica - G. Wulfsberg: “La Moderna Chimica Inorganica: Previsioni di reattività” - EDIZIONI LA SORBONA - Milano. - M. Speranza et al: “Le Basi della Chimica” – Edizioni A.L.E.- Roma (comprende materiale didattico online). -D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, S. R. Crouch "Chimica analitica strumentale". EdiSES S.r.l. – Napoli
Frequency
Attendance to the course is not mandatory but strongly recommended.
Exam mode
A set of five questions will be provided to the students, who will have 20 minutes to organize their thoughts and prepare for the actual oral examination. The exam is considered passed if the student is able to orally discuss at least three out of the five answers with accuracy and mastery of technical language.
Lesson mode
The course is delivered through traditional lectures. With the aid of slides and an interactive whiteboard, the instructor will present to the audience the fundamental concepts that students are expected to reflect upon, study, and later discuss during the exam. For each topic, numerical exercises will be proposed to deepen understanding through the simulation of real-world problems. In several cases, students will be invited to solve the problem independently and then present their solution to the class.
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ANTONELLO FILIPPI Lecturers' profile
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CourseIndustrial pharmacy
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDCHIM/01
  • CFU4