Civil Engineering

Physical properties of fluids. Tensor analysis, constitutive equations. Eulerian and Lagrangian description of motion of a fluid, classification of motions. Balance equations: the Reynolds transport theorem, mass balance equation, balance equation of momentum, Navier-Stokes equations, incompressible parallel flows, Reynolds number. Potential flows and Bernoulli's theorem: conditions of existence of the potential, origin of rotational motions, Laplace equation for potential, Bernoulli's theorem. Prandtl boundary layer. Turbulence: statistical description of turbulence, the mass balance equation, Reynolds equations, Boussinesque’s Hypothesis. Fluid statics: Stevin’s law, immiscible liquids, pressure measurements, forces on flat surfaces, forces on curved surfaces, forces on immersed bodies. Balance equations applied to current: continuity equation, balance equation of momentum for ideal fluids, forces on curved surfaces, linear currents, balance equation of momentum for real fluids, drag force. Applications of the Bernoulli’s theorem: geometric interpretation and energy, efflux processes, Venturi and Pitot tube, extension to real fluids, power of a current in a section, extension of Bernoulli's theorem to a current. Pipe flows: tangential force, drag coefficient in laminar flow, shear in turbulent flow, flows in smooth tubes, flows in rough pipes, practical formulas, local head losses. Unsteady flows in pipes: practical examples of unsteady flows, unsteady motion of an elastic liquid in a deformable pipe, differential equations of motion, instantaneous maneuvers of the shutter, celerity of the perturbation. Open channel flows: uniform flows and uniform height, critical height, sub- and super-critical flows, profiles of the free surface, hydraulic jump.

Mathematical Analysis 1, 2; Physics 1

Dispense dalle lezioni. D. Citrini, V. Noseda: “Idraulica”. Ed. Ambrosiana, Milano.

The teaching approach is founded on lectures, exercises, laboratory experiences and group work.

Mandatory attendance is not required.

The student assessment will be carried out both by means of a partial test conducted during the course and by a final exam. That consists of a written and an oral test, regarding hydraulic applications. The final evaluation will take account of communicative abilities (30%) and autonomous learning abilities (70%).

Kundu P.K., Cohen I.M., Dowling D.R.: "Fluid Mechanics". Academic Press - Elsevier.

The teaching approach is founded on lectures, exercises, laboratory experiences and group work.