Aeronautical engineering

Peculiarities of hypesonic flows with respect to other kind of flows. An example of hypersonic flow: the re-entry flow. Effects of high Mach number past blunt-bodies. Independence of the Mach number. Hypersonic similarity and its parameters. Hypersonic equivalence. Aerodynamic heating. Hypersonic laminar boundary layer. Solutions on the flat plate and around the stagnation point. Transition in the hypersonic regime. Interaction between boundary layer and external inviscid flow: strong and weak viscous interaction. Effects of high temperatures: vibational exitation, molecular dissociation and recombination and ionization. Thermochemical flows in equilibrium and non-equilibrium and their modeling. Viscous reacting flows. Examples of thermochemical models. Analysis of a flow downstream a normal shock. Reacting Flow in boundary layer. Wall Catalicity. Hypersonic applications: hypersonic wind tunnels, re-entry and cruise vehicles. Detailed program of lessons and exercises lesson 01 : Introduction. When a flow can be said to be hypersonic. lesson 02 : Hypersonic flow on wedge in small perturbations. Simplified potential equation for hypersonic flows. lesson 03 : Hypersonic similitude. lesson 04 : Hypersonic Equivalence Principle. lesson 05 : Blast Wave Analogy. lesson 06 : Equations for Viscous Hypersonic Flows. lesson 07 : Boundary Layer Equations for Flat Plate Flows and Stagnation point Flows. lesson 08 : Aerodynamic and Thermal Requirements for Hypersonic Cruise and Reentry Aircraft. lesson 09 : Transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in hypersonic regime. lesson 10 : The viscous interaction phenomenon. lesson 11 : Introduction to thermochemical phenomena. Properties of gas mixtures and basics of chemical kinetics. lesson 12 : Vibrational energy and interaction between vibrational non-equilibrium and chemical non-equilibrium. lesson 13 : The equations of an inviscid reacting flow. Flows in chemical equilibrium, non-equilibrium flows and frozen flows. lesson 14 : The equations of a viscous reacting flow. Reaging flows near walls. Catalytic Walls. lesson 15 : Hypersonic flows in wind tunnels and requirements for the similarity of high enthalpy flows. Arc heated wind tunnels and ballistic wind tunnels. lesson 16 : Shock tube wind tunnels. Ex. 01 : Calculation of the ballistic trajectory of a re-entry capsule on Earth. Ex. 02 : Calculation of temperatures, pressures, heat flows, load factors and etc. during the ballistic reentry of a space capsule. Ex. 03 : Calculation of the ballistic trajectory of a re-entry capsule on Mars. Ex. 04 : Calculation of the boundary layer on a flat plate in a hypersonic stream (adiabatic case) using the equations of the boundary layer and Matlab. Ex. 05 : Numerical calculation of the boundary layer on an adiabatic flat plate in a hypersonic stream using the CFD++ calculation code Ex. 06 : Calculation of the boundary layer on an isothermal flat plate and in radiative equilibrium in a hypersonic stream using the CFD++ solver. Ex. 07 : Numerical calculation of an inviscid reacting flow around a cylinder in a hypersonic stream using the CFD++ solver. Ex. 08 : Numerical calculation of a viscous reacting flow around a cylinder in a hypersonic stream using CFD++: fully catalytic, non-catalytic and partially catalytic walls. Ex. 09 : Calculation of an shock tube wind tunnel. Ex. 10 : Numerical calculation of reacting flows in chemical non-equilibrium in a divergent nozzle of a hypersonic tunnel using CFD++ Ex. 11 : Shape optimization of an hypersonic wedge to minimize drag at zero lift. Ogive calculations. Ex. 12 : Generation of a waverider from a wedge. CFD++ simulations of 3D flows on wedge and waverider. Analysis of fluid dynamic fields and performance analysis. Ex. 13 : Generation of a waverider from a cone flow. CFD++ simulation of 3D flow on the waverider. Analysis of fluid dynamic fields and performance analysis

Basic knowledge of flow dynamics, aerodynamics and gas dynamics. The equations of an Eulerian flow and of a viscous flow in integral and differential form. The dimensionless equations, the main dimensionless numbers (Ma, Re, Pr), the similarities. The laminar boundary layer, the simplified equations of the compressible boundary layer. Irrotational flows: The velocity potential and the potential equation for compressible flows and the simplified forms under the hypothesis of small perturbations. Normal and oblique shock-waves, Rankine-hugoniot jump relation. Omentropic supersonic 2D flows, Prandtl-Mayer expansions. Isentropic compressible 1D and quasi-1D flows in stationary and nonstationary constant and variable section ducts. Thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures and basic knowledge of chemistry and chemical kinetics. Basic knowledge of dimensional analysis

J. D. Anderson, Jr. Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Third Edition, 2019, AIAA

The course will be held in presence if the conditions allow it, but in any case students can also follow the course remotely both in synchronous and asynchronous mode (through the video recording of the lessons)

During the oral exam, in addition to the theoretical topics of the course, the students will have to show the practical exercises carried out during the course. The exam is carried out in presence except in specific and documented situations of the student for which it is possibile to carry out the exam remotely.

The course will be held in presence if the conditions allow it, but in any case students can also follow the course remotely both in synchronous and asynchronous mode (through the video recording of the lessons)