Energy Engineering

Course Program for Turbomachinery: • Introduction to fluid machinery design • Theory of similarity • Losses in turbomachinery following Denton • Axial fan design according to Eckert. Ideal design according to Euler. Distribution of free vortex, forced vortex, mixed work. Losses and performance estimation in real conditions. Axial fans for air-cooled condensers. Unstable operating conditions: rotating stall, pumping, choking. • Axial fan design with circular arc and NACA 4-digit blade profiles FinalProject (FP): Open-source Python software platform: Anaconda, Pycharm, GitHub • Axial compressors: introduction, types, and applications. Multistage axial compressor design. Ideal design according to Euler. Distribution of free vortex and forced vortex work. Normal stages (with reaction degree R=0.5). Thermodynamics of the stage. Losses and performance estimation in real conditions. Unstable operating conditions: rotating stall, pumping, choking. Strategies for controlling instabilities during transient phases. FP: Year-end work review: state of the art • Blade profiles for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic axial compressor blades. NACA65, C4, PVD profiles. • Year-end work presentation: GANTT and design procedure • Performance calculation of isolated profiles with X-Foil / XLFR5. • Centrifugal compressors: introduction, types, and applications. Single-stage centrifugal compressor design. Multistage centrifugal compressor design. Ideal design according to Euler. Thermodynamics of the stage. Losses. Real-world design. Unstable operating conditions. FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Active and passive flow control in turbomachinery. Biomimetic approach for the development of active and passive control systems. • Multistage radial pumps. Cavitation and axial thrust control systems for high-performance pumps. • Multi-objective optimization, genetic algorithms FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Multi-objective optimization, NSGAII, NSGAIII, pymoo • Ljungstrom type centrifugal steam turbines • Axial steam and gas turbines. Ideal Eulerian design. Losses (Ailey & Madison, Cox & Craig). Thermodynamics of the stage. Real-world design. FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Energy transition and turbomachinery: wind turbines, hydraulic turbines, and Wells for exploiting wave motion. • Wind turbines: design according to Betz, Euler, Prandtl. X-Foil for off-design performance calculation. Challenges for the development of floating offshore wind turbines for Mediterranean and oceanic installations. • Wind and offshore wind energy workshop (if available) • Turbines for hydroelectric plants: ideal Eulerian design. Losses. Real-world design. Cavitation and water hammer. • Fluid-structure interaction seminar FP: Visit to the Giardino di Ninfa hydroelectric power plant and final year-end work presentation.

To have acquired the contents of the following courses: ● Thermodynamics ● Fluid Dynamics ● Energy Systems ●Fluid Machinery in Energy Conversion Systems

Dixon and Hall, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery 7th edition The 1993 IGTI Scholar Lecture: Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines, John Denton More references in the slides

In class In case of covid emergency through Meet

The Final Project consists of designing a machine up to the definition of a prototype. The work is carried out in groups of 4-5 people and includes various stages of progress, identified year by year and described in the course program with the points identified by the acronym FP. The project includes the assignment of a score up to 30L. The oral exam consists of a single question and the assignment of a score up to 4 points to be added to the project score.

In slides

Theory Lessons with progress meetings on the year-long project with guided revision and discussion among the groups. Visit to the hydroelectric power plant of Giardino di Ninfa.

Course Program for Turbomachinery: • Introduction to fluid machinery design • Theory of similarity • Losses in turbomachinery following Denton • Axial fan design according to Eckert. Ideal design according to Euler. Distribution of free vortex, forced vortex, mixed work. Losses and performance estimation in real conditions. Axial fans for air-cooled condensers. Unstable operating conditions: rotating stall, pumping, choking. • Axial fan design with circular arc and NACA 4-digit blade profiles FinalProject (FP): Open-source Python software platform: Anaconda, Pycharm, GitHub • Axial compressors: introduction, types, and applications. Multistage axial compressor design. Ideal design according to Euler. Distribution of free vortex and forced vortex work. Normal stages (with reaction degree R=0.5). Thermodynamics of the stage. Losses and performance estimation in real conditions. Unstable operating conditions: rotating stall, pumping, choking. Strategies for controlling instabilities during transient phases. FP: Year-end work review: state of the art • Blade profiles for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic axial compressor blades. NACA65, C4, PVD profiles. • Year-end work presentation: GANTT and design procedure • Performance calculation of isolated profiles with X-Foil / XLFR5. • Centrifugal compressors: introduction, types, and applications. Single-stage centrifugal compressor design. Multistage centrifugal compressor design. Ideal design according to Euler. Thermodynamics of the stage. Losses. Real-world design. Unstable operating conditions. FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Active and passive flow control in turbomachinery. Biomimetic approach for the development of active and passive control systems. • Multistage radial pumps. Cavitation and axial thrust control systems for high-performance pumps. • Multi-objective optimization, genetic algorithms FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Multi-objective optimization, NSGAII, NSGAIII, pymoo • Ljungstrom type centrifugal steam turbines • Axial steam and gas turbines. Ideal Eulerian design. Losses (Ailey & Madison, Cox & Craig). Thermodynamics of the stage. Real-world design. FP: Year-end work presentation: progress meeting • Energy transition and turbomachinery: wind turbines, hydraulic turbines, and Wells for exploiting wave motion. • Wind turbines: design according to Betz, Euler, Prandtl. X-Foil for off-design performance calculation. Challenges for the development of floating offshore wind turbines for Mediterranean and oceanic installations. • Wind and offshore wind energy workshop (if available) • Turbines for hydroelectric plants: ideal Eulerian design. Losses. Real-world design. Cavitation and water hammer. • Fluid-structure interaction seminar FP: Visit to the Giardino di Ninfa hydroelectric power plant and final year-end work presentation.

To have acquired the contents of the following courses: ● Thermodynamics ● Fluid Dynamics ● Energy Systems ●Fluid Machinery in Energy Conversion Systems

Dixon and Hall, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery 7th edition The 1993 IGTI Scholar Lecture: Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines, John Denton More references in the slides

In class In case of covid emergency through Meet

The Final Project consists of designing a machine up to the definition of a prototype. The work is carried out in groups of 4-5 people and includes various stages of progress, identified year by year and described in the course program with the points identified by the acronym FP. The project includes the assignment of a score up to 30L. The oral exam consists of a single question and the assignment of a score up to 4 points to be added to the project score.

In slides

Theory Lessons with progress meetings on the year-long project with guided revision and discussion among the groups. Visit to the hydroelectric power plant of Giardino di Ninfa.