Archaeological Sciences

General introduction to the Protohistory of Europe, as class teaching, assisted by image presentations. This is the first part of the comprehensive course including Protostoria europea I (1st semester, class) + Protostoria europea II (2nd semester, seminar) totalling 12 CFU; it can be also attended as elective course as code 1035876 (Protostoria europea I - 6 CFU). After an introduction about the concept of Protohistory, the chronological basics and the Copper Age premises, the classes will focus on Bronze and iron Ages, necessarily in a synthetic way. The lessons will be divided in 2 main blocks, organized by chronology (Early + Middle Bronze Ages; Late Bronze + Iron Ages) and geographical areas (Mediterranean; Balkans and Danube; Alps and Central Europe; Scandinavia; Western Europe). 3 more lessons will have a thematic character: Environment, economy and society; European connectivity; the sacred and space. The goal is to present the historical basic lines of the periods that preceded socieites characterized by a diffuse use of writing. At the conclusion of the course, the student will be able to critically frame the European trajectories toward the formation of complex societies, which would have been after a short time unified under the Roman domain, over a wide part of the continent. In the present perspective of research, core issues of the period are trade, mobility and interaction over short and wide distances; the procurement of raw materials and craft; the emergence of leading figures, such as warriors and high ranked women, over the wider population; the development of peculiar sacred beliefs and a related cosmology; original solutions for the organization of society.

Attendance at the course of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology (L-Ant/01), compulsory in the first year. Preferable to be acquainted with thematic library functioning (e.g. Library of Palaeoethnology, at ex-Vetrerie Sciarra - https://opac.uniroma1.it/SebinaOpacRMS/library/Scienze%20dell'antichit%C3%A0%20-%20Sede%20Paletnologia/RMS$5L04 OR http://www.antichita.uniroma1.it/paletnologia Preferable to have the ability to mine internet library/journal databases e.g. https://web.uniroma1.it/sbs/discoverysapienza ALSO IN REMOTE ACCESS https://login.ezproxy.uniroma1.it/login

- T. Champion, C. Gamble, S. Shennan, A. Whittle, 1984, Prehistoric Europe. Academic Press, London: chapters 1, 6-10. - A. Harding, H. Fokkens 2013. The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. Oxford University Press, Oxford: chapters selected by professor Climate in Protohistory - Michel Magny 2020, Un village de l'Age du Bronze à la transition Holocène moyen-final in: C. Albore Livadie, G. Vecchio (eds.), Nola – Croce del Papa: un villaggio sepolto dall’eruzione vesuviana delle Pomici di Avellino, Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 54, Centre Jean Bérard, Napoli: 33-37. - S. Ivy-Ochs et al. 2009, Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 2137–2149 - D. Kaniewski, E. van Campo 2017, 3.2 ka BP Megadrought and the Late Bronze Age Collapse, in: H.Weiss (ed.), Megadrought and Collapse, Oxford University press, Oxford: 161-182. Definition of European Protohistory - A. Harding 2000. Introduction. In A. Harding, European Societies in the Bronze Age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: pp. 1-21. Society in European Protohistory A. Harding 2000, Social organisation. In A. Harding, European Societies in the Bronze Age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: pp. 386-394. Mobility at the beginnings of European Protohistory I. Olalde, S. Brace, M. Allentoft et al. 2018. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature 555: 190–196. Trade in European Protohistory - K. Kristiansen 2018. The Rise of Bronze Age Peripheries and the Expansion of International Trade 1950–1100 BC. In K. Kristiansen, T. Lindkvist, & J. Myrdal (a cura di), Trade and Civilisation: Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: pp. 87-112. - Other texts and images selected during the lessons

This course based on class lessons is integrated by the Seminar classes in the 2nd semester (6 CFU). This course is devoted to historical development; the Seminar will have a comparative approach to a specific theme (2020-2021: Pottery craftmanship). 2 Museum visits will complement teaching during the 2nd semester. The preliminary schedule of the course is reported in the webpage , both as Google Calendar link (in Avvisi) or as Excel spreadsheet (in "materiale didattico" The classroom is in the ex-Vetrerie Sciarra building (via dei Volsci 122).

The course has a necessary sequence and attending is compulsory. Erasmus students and non-attending students can ask for an individual, tailored program.

The acquired knowledge of the subjects will be checked through some questions (generally 2 or 3), covering the whole range of the discussed arguments. The texts integrate the lessons.

This course based on class lessons is integrated by the Seminar classes in the 2nd semester (6 CFU). This course is devoted to historical development; the Seminar will have a comparative approach to a specific theme (2020-2021: Pottery craftmanship). 2 Museum visits will complement teaching during the 2nd semester. The preliminary schedule of the course is reported in the webpage , both as Google Calendar link (in Avvisi) or as Excel spreadsheet (in "materiale didattico" The classroom is in the ex-Vetrerie Sciarra building (via dei Volsci 122).