Medicine and Surgery HT

Introduction to the course. (2 h) General information on signals. Ohm's and Kirkhoff's laws. Voltage and current divider. Controlled generators. Amplifiers (6 h) Amplifiers: general information, circuit symbol, energy balance, transfer characteristic, saturation, non-linearity, operating point. I earn. Circuit representation of voltage, current, transimpedance and transconductance amplifiers as two-gate networks. Frequency response of amplifiers: general information. Single-pole passive RC low pass and high pass filter: calculation of the amplitude and phase Bode diagram. Example of a low pass voltage amplifier (represented as a two port network) and a high pass transconductance amplifier. Operational amplifiers (12 h) Ideal operational amplifiers. Introduction to feedback. Inverting and non-inverting configuration. Calculation of the gain with the feedback method or with the equality of the voltages at the inverting and non-inverting terminal. Effect of finite open-loop gain on the gain and input resistance of the inverting and non-inverting configuration. Effect of the finite band on the transfer function of the op-amp in a non-inverting configuration. Constancy of the band-gain product. Adder. Differential amplifier. Instrumentation amplifier. Operational amplifier as an ideal and real integrator and differentiator circuit. Step and impulse response of a passive high / low pass filter and of a single time constant transimpedance amplifier. Diodes (10 h) Introduction to solid state electronics: metals, oxides and semiconductors. Intrinsic crystalline silicon, n-type and p-type. Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductors, p and n. Equation of drift and diffusion current. P-n junction: band structure, direct and reverse operation, current equation. Reverse saturation current. Diode: circuit symbol. Resolution of circuits containing diodes by the graphic method. State model of the diode. Voltage limiters. Small-signal model of the diode. Zener diode: function and circuit symbol. Exercises. Crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon diodes as photodetectors in digital radiography and CT. MOSFET (14 h) Enrichment n-channel MOSFET transistor: structure, operating principle, current equations. Regions of triode, pinch-off and interdiction: circuits for large signals. Id-VDS output characteristics and Id-VGS trans-characteristic in pinch-off region. Enrichment p-channel MOSFET transistor. MOS bias circuits and exercises. The MOS transistor as an amplifier. Small signal circuit of the MOSFET. Block and bypass capacitors. Static and dynamic load line. Exercises. Calculation of input and output gains and resistances in source, drain and common gate configurations. Simple MOS current mirror. Differential MOS cell. Exercises. Trans-characteristic of the common source. NMOS amplifiers with active enrichment load. Body effect. CMOS amplifiers: physical structure and circuit representation, simple current mirror, trans-characteristic, gain for small signals. CMOS inverter: trans-characteristic and gain for small signals. Exercises. Digital electronics (8 h) Introduction to digital electronics. Binary numbering system. Ideal and non-ideal inverter: transfer characteristics. Characteristic parameters: noise margins, dissipated power, propagation times, rise and fall times, PDP. Outline of Boolean algebra and the binary numbering system. Synthesis of logic functions via MINTERM. A / D and D / A conversion (2 h) A / D conversion: general principles. Sample Hold. A / D converters: flash and dual ramp. D / A converters: R-2R scale.

Basic skills in electrical engineering and physics.

S. Sedra, K. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, Oxford University Press

Attendance is not mandatory. However it is strongly advised.

Written and oral exam. The written exam requires the solution of some exercises aimed at verifying the degree of knowledge of the course topics. The oral exam consists of one or more questions designed to verify the student's ability to connect the various parts of the program.

Lectures, exercises, seminars.