Semiconductor Physics and Devices

Course objectives

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Understanding the fundamental optical and transport properties of semiconductors and using these properties in the main electronic and opto-electronic devices. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: A – Knowledge and understanding OF 1) To know the fundamental electronic properties of semiconductors and how they derive from their crystalline structure and chemical composition. OF 2) To understand how the fundamental electronic properties of semiconductors can be modified by material nanostructuring. OF 3) To know the main charge transport phenomena in semiconductors. OF 4) To know the main processes of interaction of light with semiconductors and related phenomena. OF 5) Based on the previous points, learning the operating principles of the most common electronic and optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor materials. B - APPLICATION SKILLS OF 6) To know in general how to determine which semiconductor materials can be used to fabricate devices with specific characteristics. OF 7) To know how to predict the effects of electromagnetic fields on the transport and optical properties of semiconductors. OF 8) To be able to select a semiconductor device for the measurement of given quantities. C – Autonomy of judgement OF 9) To determine the connections between the properties of a semiconductor and the characteristics of a device. OF 10) To be able to integrate the knowledge acquired in order to exploit it in the more general context of device applications of semiconductor materials. D – Communication skills OF 11) To know how to explain the fundamental reasons behind the functioning principle of a device. OF 12) To know how to justify the choice of a semiconductor material for carrying out specific applications. E – Ability to learn OF 13) To acquire the ability to independently read and understand scientific texts and technical articles based on the topics covered in the course. OF 14) To have the ability to choose and identify an appropriate device depending on the use.

Channel 1
ANTONIO POLIMENI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
1) Fundamental properties of semiconductors. i) Elemental, compound and alloy semiconductors: crystal structures, growth methods, band structures. Density of states, doping, Fermi levels and carrier statistics in semiconductors. ii) The k.p method and the effective mass approximation for the evaluation of the electron states in semiconductors. iii) Semiconductor nanostructures: quantum wells, nanowires, two-dimensional crystals and quantum dots: fabrication methods and electronic properties (band alignment). 2) Transport properties of semiconductors. i) The Boltzmann equation. Electrical conductivity and mobility of semiconductors and microscopic scattering processes (phonons, impurities). ii) Magneto-transport phenomena: Hall effect, magnetoresistance, Landau levels and quantum oscillation phenomena. Magnetic fields on bound electrons. 3) Optical properties of semiconductors. i) Light-matter interaction in semiconductors. Electron-photon Hamiltonian, intraband and interband (excitons, impurities) transitions, optical matrix elements, joint density of states and selection rules. Magneto-optical phenomena. ii) Transition rates, loss coefficients, absorption and stimulated/spontaneous emission of photons, population inversion and optical gain. 4) Semiconductor devices. i) p-n junction and diodes: band diagram, I-V characteristics, capacitance. ii) Metal-semiconductor junctions (Ohmic contacts and Schottky barriers). Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor. iii) Kinetic inductance devices: fabrication and characteristics. iv) Field-effect transistors: principles, I-V characteristics.
Prerequisites
Quantum mechanics, elementary physics of solids.
Books
M. Dresslhaus, G. Dresslhaus, S. B. Cronin and A. G. S. Filho, Solid State Properties (From Bulk to Nano), Springer (2018). M. Grundmann, The Physics of Semiconductors, Springer (2021).
Frequency
Attendance is not mandatory, but it is certainly helpful in allowing you to ask for explanations and raise concerns immediately after the concepts discussed have been presented.
Exam mode
The exam will consist of a series of quantitative questions designed to test students' understanding of the basic principles of semiconductor materials and their response to external fields. Questions will also be asked regarding the operating principles of p-n junctions and field-effect transistors.
Lesson mode
Lessons will be conducted using a whiteboard and illustrations that will be shown during the lesson. The illustrations will be provided in advance.
ANTONIO POLIMENI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
1) Fundamental properties of semiconductors. i) Elemental, compound and alloy semiconductors: crystal structures, growth methods, band structures. Density of states, doping, Fermi levels and carrier statistics in semiconductors. ii) The k.p method and the effective mass approximation for the evaluation of the electron states in semiconductors. iii) Semiconductor nanostructures: quantum wells, nanowires, two-dimensional crystals and quantum dots: fabrication methods and electronic properties (band alignment). 2) Transport properties of semiconductors. i) The Boltzmann equation. Electrical conductivity and mobility of semiconductors and microscopic scattering processes (phonons, impurities). ii) Magneto-transport phenomena: Hall effect, magnetoresistance, Landau levels and quantum oscillation phenomena. Magnetic fields on bound electrons. 3) Optical properties of semiconductors. i) Light-matter interaction in semiconductors. Electron-photon Hamiltonian, intraband and interband (excitons, impurities) transitions, optical matrix elements, joint density of states and selection rules. Magneto-optical phenomena. ii) Transition rates, loss coefficients, absorption and stimulated/spontaneous emission of photons, population inversion and optical gain. 4) Semiconductor devices. i) p-n junction and diodes: band diagram, I-V characteristics, capacitance. ii) Metal-semiconductor junctions (Ohmic contacts and Schottky barriers). Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor. iii) Kinetic inductance devices: fabrication and characteristics. iv) Field-effect transistors: principles, I-V characteristics.
Prerequisites
Quantum mechanics, elementary physics of solids.
Books
M. Dresslhaus, G. Dresslhaus, S. B. Cronin and A. G. S. Filho, Solid State Properties (From Bulk to Nano), Springer (2018). M. Grundmann, The Physics of Semiconductors, Springer (2021).
Frequency
Attendance is not mandatory, but it is certainly helpful in allowing you to ask for explanations and raise concerns immediately after the concepts discussed have been presented.
Exam mode
The exam will consist of a series of quantitative questions designed to test students' understanding of the basic principles of semiconductor materials and their response to external fields. Questions will also be asked regarding the operating principles of p-n junctions and field-effect transistors.
Lesson mode
Lessons will be conducted using a whiteboard and illustrations that will be shown during the lesson. The illustrations will be provided in advance.
  • Lesson code10616659
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CoursePhysics
  • CurriculumFundamental Interactions: Theory and Experiment (Percorso valido anche fini del conseguimento del titolo multiplo italo-francese-svedese-ungherese) - in lingua inglese
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDFIS/01
  • CFU6