Nursing REPLICA D - ROMA AZIENDA POLICLINICO UMBERTO I/AERONAUTICA MILITARE

Skeleton General characters, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, bones (long, short, flat), bone marrow, periosteum, blood supply. Joints (synarthrosis, symphysis, diarthrosis), joint cavity and synovial fluid. Muscles: cutaneous, skeletal, body and tendons. Head: neurocranium, cranial vault and skull base. Splanchnocranium. Temporo-mandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Vertebral column: general characteristics of the vertebrae. Cervical tract, dorsal tract, sternum, ribs, lumbar tract, sacro-coccyx tract, joints, ligaments and muscles. Diaphragm. Upper limb: shoulder girdle, shoulder blade, clavicle, shoulder girdle muscles, humerus, ulna, radius, elbow joint, hand, upper limb muscles. Lower limb: pelvis, hip, femur, knee joint, tibia, fibula, foot. Muscles of the lower limb. Nervous System Central and peripheral nervous system. Brain and spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves and nerve plexuses. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Neuroglia, action potential, synapses and neurotransmitters. Endocrine Pituitary System: adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Pituitary hormones. Thyroid, thyroid follicles and thyroid hormones. Cells C. Parathyroid glands, Adrenal glands. Pancreas: endocrine and pancreatic hormones. Other organs with endocrine functions. Heart and great vessels Pericardium, epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. Stages of the cardiac cycle. System of conduction. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Blood: figurative elements and plasma. Basics of the electrocardiogram. Lymphatic system and immunity Lymphatic vessels, lymphocytes, tissues and lymphoid organs. Specific and non-specific defenses. Lymphocytes B and T. Respiratory system Upper and lower airways. Trachea, bronchi and lungs. Mediastinum. Ventilation pulmonary and alveolar. Partial pressure of gases. Ventilation-perfusion coupling. Chemoreceptors and ventilation control. Larynx: structure, cartilages cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, hyoid bone. Ligaments and muscles. Innervation. Digestive system Oral cavity, salivary glands and teeth. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small intestine. Large intestine. Liver, gallbladder and exocrine pancreas. Urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Nephron, basic processes of urine formation, filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate. Effects of hormones antidiuretic and aldosterone on reabsorption and secretion. Volume control e of the osmotic concentration of urine. Genital system Testicles, spermatogenesis, spermatic ducts and related glands. Male external genitalia. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Female external genitalia. Mammary gland. Hormones and female reproductive cycle. Menarch and climacteric. Tactile apparatus Integumentary system: epidermis, dermis. Tactile receptors: Merkel's discs, corpuscles of Ruffini, Pacini corpuscles, Meissner corpuscles, free nerve endings. Olfactory system Nasal pyramid, nasal cavities, olfactory endings. Visual apparatus Orbital cavity, orbital fissures, oculomotor muscles, eyeball, lacrimal apparatus. Hearing and vestibular system Outer, middle and inner ear. Cochlea, vestibular apparatus. Taste system Tongue: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Taste buds, vessels and nerves of the tongue. Human Physiology Program (prof. Basso) - I year I Semester: SKIN AND THERMOREGULATION. Structure and functions of the skin, thermoregulation. SKELETAL MUSCLES. Macroscopic and microscopic structure, muscle contraction. BONES AND JOINTS. Composition and architecture of the bone, growth and remodeling of the bone, hormones and homeostasis of minerals, lever systems, classification of the joints. BLOOD. Appearance, composition, functions. Osmotic and oncotic pressure. Homeostasis. Plasma. Corpuscular elements. Hemostasis. Blood groups, transfusions. CARDIOCIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Heart. Blood pressure, capillary circulation, venous return. Control and coordination. Evaluation of functionality. Extrinsic control of circulation. Pulmonary circulation. Coronary circulation. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM. Mouth, esophagus, structure and nervous control. Stomach, small intestine, absorption, large intestine. Liver: structure, bile, function RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Structure and function. Ventilation. Exchange of gases at the alveolar level. Transport of respiratory gases in the blood, hemoglobin. Perfusion of the lungs. URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Renal physiology. The nephron: filtration, glomerular ultrafiltrate, tubular reabsorption. Multiplication and countercurrent exchange. Sodium balance. Urinary tract, bladder motility, urination. Gametes, sex determination. Male and female reproductive system. Puberty and menopause. Sexual intercourse and conception. Pregnancy and breastfeeding. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Organization, components and structure of the nerves and the nervous system. Nerve impulse, synapses, reflexes. Cerebral ventricles, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebral circulation. Spinal cord, cranial nerves. Encephalon, somatosensory sensitivity. Central nervous system and movement control. States of consciousness. Motivation and emotion, higher mental functions. SOMESTHETIC SYSTEM AND MOTOR SYSTEM. Classification and properties of receptors, sensory units, somatic sensitivity, tactile receptors, proprioceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, central pathways of somesthesia. Motor system. SPECIAL SENSES. Eye and vision. Ear: hearing and balance. Taste and smell. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Structure, neurotransmitters. Functions. Afferent fibers and higher control. Autonomic nervous system and stress. ENDOCRINUS SYSTEM. Organization. Control of metabolism. Growth and development. Responses to environmental changes. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid, parathyroid glands, pancreas, kidneys. Feedback. IMMUNITY. Characteristics and development of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Modes of action of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. Immunization, hypersensitivity. Autoimmune diseases. Immunotherapy. Lymphatic system. Histology Program (Prof. Ferdinando Arganese) - 1st year 1st Semester STUDY METHODS IN CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY Fixation, cutting and staining techniques. Difference between optical and electronic microscopy Cytology: The structure of the cell: The plasma membrane (structure, functions, specializations) Intercellular junctions. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Cytoplasmic organelles Nucleus: morphology and composition. DNA, RNA. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Lining epithelia: Simple (pavimentous, cuboidal and cylindrical) and stratified (keratinized and non-keratinized). Transitional epithelium. Pseudostratified epithelia. Glandular epithelia: Exocrine glands Classification based on location, morphology and secretion mode. Endocrine glands. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Meaning of the term connective, the fundamental substance, the extracellular fibers, the cells of the connective tissue. Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Adipose tissue. Cartilage tissue: elastic and reticular hyaline cartilage. Bone tissue. Blood and Lymph: blood elements: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma. Hematopoiesis. Nonspecific and specific immune response: humoral and cell-mediated response. MUSCLE TISSUE Skeletal muscle tissue and the process of contraction. Smooth muscle tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue. NERVOUS TISSUE Neuron, nerve fiber. Glia. Synapse. Organization of the nervous system.

Since this is a first-year subject, no special skills are required. Knowledge, even scholastic, of scientific subjects is useful.

Martini - Nath - Bartholomew: Fondamenti di Anatomia e Fisiologia, IV edizione. Ed.: EdiSES 2018 Kenneth S. Saladin: Anatomia e Fisiologia, II edizione italiana. Ed.: PICCIN 2018

References: a. D.M. 270/04: "Didactic Regulations of First Level Degree Courses of Health Professions" b. "Regulations for students of bachelor's and master's degrees A.A. 2022-2023". The obligation to attend didactic activities is enshrined in art. 5 of the document with reference to. and reiterated in Chapter IV, art. 40, point 9. of the Regulation in reference b ..

The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of the anatomy, histology and physiology of the normal human body, combined with a good ability to present and use the relevant scientific terms.

The topics of normal human anatomy foreseen in the program will be treated, highlighting the histological aspects and elements of physiology. The notes of the lectures will be released on power point files.

Skeleton General characters, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, bones (long, short, flat), bone marrow, periosteum, blood supply. Joints (synarthrosis, symphysis, diarthrosis), joint cavity and synovial fluid. Muscles: cutaneous, skeletal, body and tendons. Head: neurocranium, cranial vault and skull base. Splanchnocranium. Temporo-mandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Vertebral column: general characteristics of the vertebrae. Cervical tract, dorsal tract, sternum, ribs, lumbar tract, sacro-coccyx tract, joints, ligaments and muscles. Diaphragm. Upper limb: shoulder girdle, shoulder blade, clavicle, shoulder girdle muscles, humerus, ulna, radius, elbow joint, hand, upper limb muscles. Lower limb: pelvis, hip, femur, knee joint, tibia, fibula, foot. Muscles of the lower limb. Nervous System Central and peripheral nervous system. Brain and spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves and nerve plexuses. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Neuroglia, action potential, synapses and neurotransmitters. Endocrine Pituitary System: adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Pituitary hormones. Thyroid, thyroid follicles and thyroid hormones. Cells C. Parathyroid glands, Adrenal glands. Pancreas: endocrine and pancreatic hormones. Other organs with endocrine functions. Heart and great vessels Pericardium, epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. Stages of the cardiac cycle. System of conduction. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Blood: figurative elements and plasma. Basics of the electrocardiogram. Lymphatic system and immunity Lymphatic vessels, lymphocytes, tissues and lymphoid organs. Specific and non-specific defenses. Lymphocytes B and T. Respiratory system Upper and lower airways. Trachea, bronchi and lungs. Mediastinum. Ventilation pulmonary and alveolar. Partial pressure of gases. Ventilation-perfusion coupling. Chemoreceptors and ventilation control. Larynx: structure, cartilages cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, hyoid bone. Ligaments and muscles. Innervation. Digestive system Oral cavity, salivary glands and teeth. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small intestine. Large intestine. Liver, gallbladder and exocrine pancreas. Urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Nephron, basic processes of urine formation, filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate. Effects of hormones antidiuretic and aldosterone on reabsorption and secretion. Volume control e of the osmotic concentration of urine. Genital system Testicles, spermatogenesis, spermatic ducts and related glands. Male external genitalia. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Female external genitalia. Mammary gland. Hormones and female reproductive cycle. Menarch and climacteric. Tactile apparatus Integumentary system: epidermis, dermis. Tactile receptors: Merkel's discs, corpuscles of Ruffini, Pacini corpuscles, Meissner corpuscles, free nerve endings. Olfactory system Nasal pyramid, nasal cavities, olfactory endings. Visual apparatus Orbital cavity, orbital fissures, oculomotor muscles, eyeball, lacrimal apparatus. Hearing and vestibular system Outer, middle and inner ear. Cochlea, vestibular apparatus. Taste system Tongue: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Taste buds, vessels and nerves of the tongue.

Our course lays the foundation for a complete understanding of all the concepts necessary for basic and specialized training.

Martini - Nath - Bartholomew: Fondamenti di Anatomia e Fisiologia, IV edizione. Ed.: EdiSES 2018 Kenneth S. Saladin: Anatomia e Fisiologia, II edizione italiana. Ed.: PICCIN 2018

The obligation to attend educational activities is established by the regulations currently in force.