Biomedical Laboratory techniques REPLICA F - ASL RIETI

Biochemistry Course Program – Academic Year 2025–2026 Prof. Alberto Macone GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVING MATTER Properties of water. Chemical bonds, functional groups, and organic molecules of biochemical relevance. PROTEINS Amino acids: classification, isomerism, zwitterions, essential amino acids, peptide bond. Proteins: functions; primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Fibrous proteins: collagen. Globular proteins: myoglobin and hemoglobin (oxygen transport and storage; protein and heme structure; functional aspects; oxygen dissociation curve; allosteric properties of hemoglobin; action of carbon monoxide). Heme catabolism and bilirubin formation. Enzymes: classification based on the type of catalyzed reaction; prosthetic groups, cofactors, and coenzymes; catalytic mechanisms; transition state and activation energy; enzyme kinetics; competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Plasma proteins and enzymes of clinical relevance. CARBOHYDRATES General characteristics and classification. Main monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. LIPIDS General characteristics and classification. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids (cholesterol). INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND ENERGY EXCHANGE Basic concepts; anabolic and catabolic pathways; general overview of metabolic pathways; strategies of metabolic regulation. Glucose metabolism: glycolysis, lactic fermentation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen metabolism. Regulation of blood glucose: insulin and glucagon. Lipid metabolism: lipid digestion; β-oxidation of fatty acids; plasma lipids of clinical relevance; lipoproteins – structure and metabolism. Protein metabolism: protein digestion (proteases and ubiquitin–proteasome system); amino acid catabolism, transamination, and urea cycle. VITAMINS Classification and biomedical importance. Water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and B-complex) and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, K). HORMONES General characteristics and classification. Hormone receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.

General chemistry and preparatory biochemistry knowledge

Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area biomedica, M. Samaja, R.Paroni- Piccin Le basi della biochimica, D.R. Ferrier - Zanichelli Conoscere la Biochimica, Terry Brown - Zanichelli Chimica,Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, M. Stefani - Zanichelli Appunti di biochimica per le lauree triennali- M.V. Catani - Piccin

the exam will focus on an oral interview on the topics listed in the program

mandatory

The exam includes a single oral test relating to the 3 teaching modules of the integrated course. It has the objective of ascertaining: a) the degree of knowledge and understanding; b) the ability to apply the acquired skills; c) the quality of the presentation (clarity, coherence, scientific rigor, completeness, synthesis capacity). it will last about 45 min and includes a variable number of questions relating to the topics of the integrated course.

the exam will focus on an oral interview on the topics listed in the program