Architecture

The exercise of architectural design is based on many knowledge and requires different skills: historical, scientific, technological, etc.; knowledge that are necessary to be able to analyze, select, interpret a wide set of contextual, social, cultural, economic, political, functional, linguistic aspects that support and contribute to the shaping of an architecture. To manage such a complex process, full of constrains, and to be able to reach the final synthesis expressed in the form of the architectural space, a training is required that firmly holds together theoretical learning and practical activity. The architectural design studio assumes this role, providing a place for the integration and application of the different disciplinary skills needed to become an architect; a place of knowledge, creativity and guided experimentation through the action of doing. The design of a small residential building, located in the city of Rome, will be the theme of the first-year studio; students will address typological, spatial and technological issues, carrying out an in-depth study of formal and constructive aspects.

The basic knowledge acquired in the Science of Representation and History of Contemporary Architecture courses is required.

- Mandolesi D., "Per una poetica dello spazio. Architettura, Forma, Materiali", Edilstampa 2016 - Munari B., "Fantasia", Laterza 1987 - Quaroni L., "Progettare un edificio. Otto lezioni di architettura", Kappa 2000

Constant presence in the classroom is required where lectures will be given by the lecturer, ex tempore practical exercises will be carried out, including drafting of graphic and model study papers, and project progress reviews will be organized. Attendance at the Laboratory is mandatory to take the examination. Active attendance is achieved with at least 70% attendance and by observing the tests organized by the professor.

The final exam will consist in the presentation of all the documents produced during the two phases of work and in an interview on the objectives and choices made in the design. Furthermore, through some questions, the reading of the texts indicated by the teacher.

STORIA DELL’ARCHITETTURA De Fusco R., “Storia dell’architettura contemporanea”, Laterza 2000 Frampton K., “Storia dell’architettura moderna”, Zanichelli 2008 Muntoni A. “Lineamenti di storia dell'architettura contemporanea”, Laterza 2009 Zevi B., “Storia dell’architettura moderna”, Einaudi 2004 Zevi B., “Architettura della Modernità”, Newton Compton 1994 ARCHITETTURA PROGETTO COSTRUZIONE Cerri, P. Nicolin P. (a cura di),” Le Corbusier. Verso una architettura”, Longanesi, Milano 1984 De Fusco R., “Il progetto di architettur”a, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1984 Gregotti V., “Dentro l'architettura”, Bollati Boringhieri 1991 Hertzberger H., “Lezioni di Architettura”, Laterza 1996 Mandolesi D., “Per una poetica dello spazio. Architettura, Forma, Materiali”, Edilstampa 2016 Ponti Giò, “Amate l’architettura”, Vitali e Ghianda, Genova 1957 Purini F., “Comporre l’architettura”, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2000 Rossi P.O., “La costruzione del progetto architettonico”, Laterza 1996 Secchi R., “L'architettura. Dal principio verità al principio responsabilità”, Officina edizioni 2017 Vitale A., Perriccioli M., Pone S., “Architettura e costruzione. Il problema della tecnica negli scritti dei protagonisti dell’architettura moderna”, Franco Angeli 1994 TECNICHE DI INVENZIONE Munari B., “Fantasia”, Laterza 1987 Rodari G., “Grammatica della fantasia”, Einaudi 2010

Programme The Laboratory of Architectural Design 1 is the teaching area where the cognitive tools of architectural composition are learned. The programme provides a pathway for the elaboration of an architectural project based on four phases: 1. Studying architecture _ the notebook (duration: whole course) In order to study architecture it is necessary to use different methods to those used for other subjects. First of all, it is necessary to develop tools that allow us to understand and memorise architectures, in order to be able to compose new ones. Redesigning is one of these and consists of drawing plans, sections and elevations, and constructing a model. It is useful to make interpretative notes and analytical diagrams. It is important to learn to look at things in the world as architects, both the examples that come to us from history and those that characterise the present time. a-Analysing a project, researching the reasons behind the choices made, tracing the relationships between structure and form, technology and language, typology and figure, retracing paths that have already been traced. It is necessary to understand the cultural value of stimulation, as well as support for operational practice, of relating to "references" in the act of designing. b-In addition to the more traditional book-based study, the study of real life is suggested and promoted, done in front of the buildings themselves, visiting, observing and redesigning them. Some occasions will be organised during the lessons. From these, students can learn to explore the 'big book' of the city on their own. Students will be asked to have an A5 notebook with blank pages in which to write down and redraw the architecture they will study over time (the notebook can also contain project sketches, reflections, etc). A series of exercises will be proposed to guide this sort of "apprenticeship". 2. Redesigning a residence and building a model (duration: two weeks) The first exercise proposed is the study and redesign of an architecture that can be chosen from a list drawn up. The exercise involves researching the chosen architecture, studying it, redesigning it and building a model. Descriptive drawings are required (plan, elevation and section, etc.) as well as interpretative drawings in which the student demonstrates that he/she has "treasured" the study of the architecture under investigation, having identified some of its peculiarities. The drawings also serve to convey these observations to colleagues. The exercise is to be carried out in pairs. 3. Reading and interpreting architecture. Designing "in the manner of" (duration: 4 weeks) The introduction to the design experimentation begins with the study of the fundamental characteristics of forms in space, through a parallel path between the analysis of works of architecture and the design exercise. Two compositional categories that have characterised modernity (and continue to operate, with due differences and evolutions, in the contemporary world) will be proposed: the plan libre and the raumplan. A number of architectures of reference have been chosen from among the paradigmatic works, and these will be studied through an activity of redesign and analytical decomposition, followed by reflection on the dimensional and geometric relationships between the forms, on the relationships that are determined with the place, on the relationships between exterior and interior. The cognitive process of some residences begins with the study of the primary elements of the architectural form (surfaces, volumes, punctiform elements) and the distinction between servant spaces and served spaces in the configuration of the domestic space. In this phase, the student elaborates an initial reflection on the reality of the forms and on the simple relationships between primary elements through the elaboration of a model. The exercise is completed with the accurate redesign of the studied solution (plan, section, axonometry, elevations). The exercise is to be done in pairs. 4. Designing a house (duration: 7 weeks) In the workshop the design of an urban void located in the consolidated city is proposed. The student will deal with the project of a residence, in a lot located along Via Flaminia, in Rome. The choice of the theme aims at directing the students, since the first year, to the study of the urban fabric, reasoning on the techniques of analysis and intervention in the physical context of the city. Problems related to the dimensioning of housing, spaces of use and furnishing elements will be addressed. A theme of modest dimensions that contains, albeit in a minimal and simplified way, all the variables that contribute to the formation of the reference framework of the architectural project. The aim of the course is to lead the student to the control of a limited architectural system, consisting of a single building, adjacent to pre-existing structures. In general, the student will acquire - the basic tools for understanding and managing the project, with particular attention to representation through freehand graphic exercise; technical geometric drawing with ruler and square, with particular reference to plans elevations and sections and to axonometry; the realisation of study models; - the ability to manage the design of a house with regard to: internal distribution; spatial relations between rooms and between interiors and exteriors; aggregation of several units in a unitary building system. - a competence that allows him/her to proportion and control the relationships between the different compositional elements in order to achieve the set spatial quality objectives; an understanding of the relationships between space and functions. The exercise is individual.

A First Year Lab has no propedeutics or prerequisites; it is' helpful to have studied the Contemporary History program.

Adopted texts The reading of reference texts and projects as a moment of theoretical reflection accompanies the student in the experience of the project through the re-drawing and the interpretative sketch as an instrument of knowledge of making architecture. _General bibliography Cini Boeri, Le dimensioni umane dell'abitazione: appunti per una progettazione attenta alle esigenze fisiche e psichiche dell'uomo, Franco Angeli, Milano 1981 Le Corbusier, Verso un’architettura, Longanesi, Milano 1984 Le Corbusier, Une petite maison, Girsberger, Zurich 1954 Aldo Rossi, Autobiografia scientifica, Nuova Pratiche Editrice, Milano 1999 Luigi Moretti, Strutture e sequenze di spazi, in «Spazio», IV, n. 7, dicembre 1952- aprile 1953, pp. 9-20, 107-108 Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’architettura, Einaudi, Torino 1948.

Through the graphic representation to be carried out exclusively with pencil drawings in the appropriate scales of plans, elevations, sections and details, as well as of axonometry and perspective, and through the elaboration of study models, the student must be able to express his or her design synthesis in a complete form. The Laboratory of Architectural Design 1 is the place for the development and verification of the project. The evaluation of the papers will take place during the course of the examination, with discussion in the form of a revision, both individually and in groups. The examination represents the overall verification of the entire course ordered in a homogeneous graphic synthesis and with the discussion of the themes faced both in the theoretical phase and in the design experimentation phase. They must also demonstrate that they can process what they have learned in order to draw up a project. In order to obtain a mark of 30/30 with distinction, the student must demonstrate that he/she has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered in the course and is able to use them to develop a project that not only meets the requirements of residential architecture but is also of high architectural and spatial quality.

In order to sit the final examination it is compulsory to have attended at least 70% of the lessons and to have successfully completed all the assignments by the deadline.

The final examination is individual and consists of the presentation of the drawing done during the year and a short oral presentation of the individual exercise. and a short oral presentation of the individual exercise. The notebook containing the studies and redesigns developed during the semester will also be assessed and discussed. The student must demonstrate that he/she has assimilated the contents of the lectures and has achieved sufficient awareness of the subject. In order to sit the final examination it is compulsory to have attended at least 70% of the lessons and to have successfully completed all the assignments by the deadline. The workshop includes two exercises to be carried out in groups, individual study evidenced by work in the "notebook" and an individual exercise with intermediate deliverables leading to the final paper. The examination will take into account the quality of the product as a whole (final paper and exercises), active and proactive participation in the workshop, and the level of maturity and autonomy achieved by each student during the course. The various activities envisaged during the course of the workshop will be assessed. This will help the teacher to keep a record of the effort made (which will be taken into account during the final examination) and the student to understand the level reached during the workshop activities. In order to pass the examination, a mark of at least 18/30 is required. The student must demonstrate that he/she has acquired sufficient knowledge of the theoretical arguments underlying the refinement of the tools for the study of architecture, both in relation to architectural composition and to the requirements of residential architecture (rules and standards). They must also demonstrate that they can process what they have learned in order to draw up a project. In order to obtain a mark of 30/30 with distinction, the student must demonstrate that he/she has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered in the course and is able to use them to develop a project that not only meets the requirements of residential architecture but is also of high architectural and spatial quality.

_Bibliografia di riferimento ● manualistica AA.VV, Manuale dell’Architetto, C.N.R. 1963 Francesco Cellini, Manualetto, Cittàstudi 1991 Ernst Neufert, Enciclopedia pratica per progettare e costruire, Hoepli, Milano 1996 Luca Zevi (a cura di), Il nuovissimo manuale dell’architetto, Mancosu Editore, Roma 2003 ● sull’housing, exempla Adriano Cornoldi, Le case degli architetti, Marsilio, Venezia, 2001 Adriano Cornoldi, L’architettura della casa, Officina, Roma, 1988 (nuova edizione 2013) Giancarlo Rosa, Atlante dell’abitazione moderna 1901-2002, Officina, Roma, 2019 AA.VV., Housing in Europa : prima parte 1900-1960, Luigi Parma, Bologna 1978 A.F. Per, J. Mozas, J. Arpa, Dbook - density, data, diagrams, dwellings, a+t, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2007 ● sull’housing, riflessioni Luciano Semerani (a cura di), La casa. Forme e ragioni dell’abitare, Skira, Milano 2008 Edoardo Narne, Abitare intorno a un vuoto, Marsilio editore, 2012 Bruno Messina, Spazi domestici del XX secolo, LetteraVentidue, Siracusa 2008 ● si consiglia inoltre la lettura e la consultazione delle seguenti riviste di architettura: «a+t», «a+u», «Area», «Casabella», «Detail», «Arketipo», «L’Industria delle Costruzioni», «El croquis», «Lotus International», «2G»

Through the graphic representation to be carried out exclusively with pencil drawings in the appropriate scales of plans, elevations, sections and details, as well as of axonometry and perspective, and through the elaboration of study models, the student must be able to express his or her design synthesis in a complete form. The Laboratory of Architectural Design 1 is the place for the development and verification of the project. The evaluation of the papers will take place during the course of the examination, with discussion in the form of a revision, both individually and in groups. The examination represents the overall verification of the entire course ordered in a homogeneous graphic synthesis and with the discussion of the themes faced both in the theoretical phase and in the design experimentation phase. They must also demonstrate that they can process what they have learned in order to draw up a project. In order to obtain a mark of 30/30 with distinction, the student must demonstrate that he/she has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered in the course and is able to use them to develop a project that not only meets the requirements of residential architecture but is also of high architectural and spatial quality.

The laboratory aims to guide students to the knowledge and the appropriation of the design methodologies and processes that lead to the formulation of an architectural project. During the course the student will be provided with basic theoretical and practical knowledge to deal with the architectural project with awareness and complexity. The subject of the course is the complete elaboration of a residential architecture project, both single and aggregate, of small dimensions but which presents all the issues on which the architect is called to question such as the relationships with the urban and as well as the context, the scope and social consequences of the project, the paradigm of sustainability. The course is divided into a succession of didactic phases starting from the study of planning tools and design of the anthropic space, up to a deepening of the theme and meaning of contemporary living, and the study of housing as a complex spatial unit in relationship to the urban landscape. The accommodation is studied in its many functional, quantitative, distributive, functional and technological characteristics, with particular attention to the theme of sustainability and bioclimates which are fundamental issues for any contemporary project.

No specific prerequisites are required but it is highly recommended to have taken the exam in History of Contemporary Architecture and Science of Representation I.

(A mandatory book to be read) Marco Vitruvio Pollione, De Architectura. Libri X, trad. di Franca Bossalino, Edizioni Kappa, 2002 Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’Architettura, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi Ns, 2009 Rosalba Belibani, Franca Bossalino, L'educazione per il progetto sostenibile, Roma, Writeup Site, 2017 Ludovico Quaroni, Progettare un edificio, otto lezioni di architettura, Mazzotta, Milano 1977 Hertzberger H., Lezioni di architettura, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1996 (other books to read) Le Corbusier, Verso un’architettura, Longanesi, Milano 1973 Bruno Zevi, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Torino 1961 Bruno Zevi, Il linguaggio moderno dell’architettura, Piccola biblioteca Einaudi, Torino 1973 P.O. Rossi, La costruzione del progetto architettonico, Roma-Bari 1996 Georges Perec, Specie di Spazi, Bollati Boringhieri,1989 Paola Gregory, Rosalba Belibani, Alessandra Capanna, Roberta Causarano, Giulia Turano, RI-Habitat Roma. Riqualificazione sostenibile per l'edilizia residenziale pubblica degli anni '50 del XX secolo, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Roma, 2019 Francesco Cellini, Manualetto. Norme tecniche, costruttive e grafiche, Novara 2008

The course alternates theoretical lessons and design exercises which are to be carried out both in the classroom and independently on a weekly basis. The student is required to maintain his own notebook of sketches in A4 format in order to keep track of any design reflections developed during the course. The notebook is also to be enriched with the drawings that the student independently will prepare every day, from the initial idea to the gradual approach to the final result of the project; so as to encourage the search for a personal graphic style and the congruence of a compositional process. Part of the weekly exercises will consist in the production of drawings in the notebook, others in documents to be produced in A3 / A2 format. There are three mandatory deliveries related to the project and which will consist in the presentation of a table in A1 format and a PowerPoint presentation:

The final evaluation takes into account the entire learning process and participation in the course. The exam consists in evaluating the design documents (4 A1 format tables, a power point presentation and a scale model 1:100), and verification of compulsory reading through an interview. The results achieved in the three compulsory as well as the weekly exercises and the evaluation of the drawing notebook contribute to the final grade.