Architecture

The architecture of Humanism and the Early Renaissance The return to the classical tradition through the study of the ancient, the role of the architect, the role of the client, the method of perspective, the importance of the project, the use of architectural orders, the central and longitudinal systems, the Renaissance palace , notes on treatises. Works, characters and types of architecture by: Filippo Brunelleschi: the Ospedale degli Innocenti, the dome of S. Maria del Fiore, the church and the Old Sacristy of S. Lorenzo, the Pazzi Chapel, the church of S. Spirito, the Rotunda of the Angels. Leon Battista Alberti: Malatesta Temple in Rimini, facade of S. Maria Novella in Florence, Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, churches of S. Sebastiano and S. Andrea in Mantua. Giuliano da Sangallo and Francesco Di Giorgio Martini: S. Maria delle Carceri in Prato and S. Maria del Calcinaio in Cortona. Notes on some Florentine palaces: Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Palazzo Pazzi-Quaratesi, Palazzo Strozzi. Interventions in Rome in the second half of the fifteenth century; Palazzo Venezia and Palazzo della Cancelleria, main religious works carried out at the end of the 15th century. Significant interventions on an urban scale in Pienza and Urbino. The architecture of the sixteenth century Critical evaluations on the main expressive trends that can be read in the architecture of the sixteenth century: Classicism, Mannerism, Synthetism. The Bramante lexicon of antiquity and in the works of the 1500s. The typology of the building and the villa. The sacred building in the early sixteenth century and in the post-Tridentine age. The most significant personalities and their works: Donato Bramante: Milan - S. Maria near S. Satiro, Tribune of S. Maria delle Grazie; Rome - the cloister of S. Maria della Pace, the small temple of S. Pietro in Montorio, Palazzo Caprini, the courtyard of the Belvedere in the Vatican, projects for S. Pietro in the Vatican. Types of sacred buildings with a central plan: S. Maria della Consolazione in Todi, S. Biagio in Montepulciano. Raffaello Sanzio: Chigi Chapel in S. Maria del Popolo, Church of S. Eligio degli Orefici; Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence, Palazzo Branconio dell’Aquila, Villa Madama, projects for St. Peter in the Vatican. Baldassarre Peruzzi: Villa Farnesina, Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne, projects for St. Peter in the Vatican. Giulio Romano: Palazzo Maccarani in Rome, Villa Lante al Gianicolo, Palazzo Te in Mantua, own house in Mantua, courtyard of the Cavallerizza in the Ducal Palace in Mantua. Jacopo Sansovino: arrangement of Piazza San Marco in Venice, Marciana and Zecca Library, Corner of Ca 'Granda building. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger: Palazzo Baldassini and Palazzo Farnese in Rome, Church of S. Spirito in Sassia, projects and model for S. Peter in the Vatican, Pauline Chapel and Sala Regia in the Vatican. Michelangelo: project for the facade of San Lorenzo in Florence, Medici Chapel, Laurentian Library, Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome, Sforza Chapel in S. Maria Maggiore, projects and constructions in S. Pietro, S. Maria degli Angeli, Porta Pia. Two diachronic construction sites on an urban scale: history of the transformation of the St. Peter's factory in the Vatican (projects, hypotheses, actual constructions); history of the definition and transformation of the Piazza del Campidoglio. Andrea Palladio: The Basilica of Vicenza, Church of S. Giorgio Maggiore and of the Redentore in Venice, Palazzo Thiene, Palazzo Porto, Palazzo Chiericati, Palazzo Valmarana, Loggia del Capitanato, main villas, the Olympic Theater. Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola: Villa Giulia, Villa Farnese in Caprarola, church of S. Andrea in via Flaminia, S. Anna dei Palafrenieri, church of Gesù and the typology of sacred buildings in the post-Tridentine debate. Pirro Ligorio: Casino of Pius IV in the Vatican, Villa d’Este in Tivoli. Giacomo della Porta: Church of the Gesù, Palazzo della Sapienza, facades of the churches of S. Maria ai Monti, S. Maria in Scala Coeli, S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane. Martino Longhi the Elder: Campidoglio Tower, Cesi Palace in via della Conciliazione, Church of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni. Domenico Fontana: the Quirinal Palace, the Sistine urban plan, the transport of the obelisk in St. Peter's Square, the Sistine Chapel in S. Maria Maggiore, architectural works in the area of S. Giovanni in Laterano (Palazzo del Laterano, Scala Santa, Loggia delle Benedizioni), Acquedotto Felice and the Acqua Felice exhibition. Francesco da Volterra: St. James of the Incurables. Baroque architecture - seventeenth century Main features of Baroque architecture: the complex spatial geometries and the osmosis between inner-outer space, the theme of wonder and awe, the unity of the arts in the architectural work, the overall image of architecture as a superimposition of multiple linguistic-formative elements. The great generation of Roman Baroque architects and their works: Carlo Maderno: S. Susanna, Palazzo Barberini, works in S. Pietro in the Vatican (facade, portico, nave, confession). Gianlorenzo Bernini: Raymondi chapel in S. Pietro in Montorio, the canopy in S. Pietro, Fountain of the Four Rivers in Piazza Navona, Cornaro Chapel in S. Maria della Vittoria, Palazzo Ludovisi, arrangement of S. Peter's Square, the altar of Chair in S. Pietro, the church of S. Andrea al Quirinale, the Church of S. Tommaso da Villanova in Castel Gandolfo, the Collegiate Church of S. Maria Assunta in Ariccia, projects for the Louvre in Paris. Francesco Borromini: S.Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, the Filippini's oratory, S. Ivo alla Sapienza, S. Maria dei Sette Dolori, S. Giovanni in Laterano, S. Agnese in Agone, Palazzo di Propaganda Fide, completion of S. Andrea delle Fratte. Pietro Da Cortona: Pigneto Sacchetti, vault of Palazzo Barberini, church of Santi Luca and Martina, S. Maria della Pace, S. Maria in via Lata, dome of Ss. Ambrogio and Carlo al Corso. Cycles of architectural decoration in the rooms of Palazzo Pitti in Florence, the vault of S. Maria in Vallicella and in Ss. Ambrogio Carlo al Corso. Carlo Rainaldi: Facade of S. Andrea della Valle, S. Maria in Campitelli, Palazzo Pamphilj in Piazza Navona, churches of S. Maria in Montesanto and S. Maria dei Miracoli in Piazza del Popolo, rear facade of S. Maria Maggiore. Developments of the Baroque: Guarino Guarini: S. Maria della Provvidenza in Lisbon, S. Maria Ettinga in Prague, Chapel of the Holy Shroud in Turin, church of S. Lorenzo in Turin, Palazzo Carignano in Turin. Filippo Juvarra: Antamoro Chapel in S. Girolamo della Carità, Superga Basilica in Turin, Royal hunting villa in Stupinigi, Carmine Church in Turin. Late - Baroque architecture between the 17th and 18th centuries The work of Carlo Fontana (facade of S. Marcello al Corso, completion of Palazzo Ludovisi or Montecitorio, complex of S. Michele: children's home, hospice, and children's reformatory). The role of the Academy of S. Luca and the birth of Arcadia architecture, the Clementini competitions, the competition for the facade of S. Giovanni in Laterano: Carlo Buratti (projects for the Church of the Child Jesus, the Cathedral of Albano), Alessandro Galilei (facade of S. Giovanni in Laterano); Giuseppe Sardi (church of the Rosary in Marino, baptistery in S. Lorenzo in Lucina). The facades of the basilicas of S. Maria Maggiore and S. Croce in Gerusalemme. Architectural works on an urban scale in Rome in the early eighteenth century: Port of Ripetta (Alessandro Specchi), Piazza di Spagna (Francesco De Santis), Piazza di S. Ignazio and hospital of S. Gallicano (Filippo Raguzzini), Trevi Fountain (Nicolò Salvi) ), Palazzo della Consulta in Rome (Ferdinando Fuga). The work of Ferdinando Fuga and Luigi Vanvitelli in Naples through two significant works: the Hotel for the poor and the Royal Palace of Caserta.

The sorting of studies for this course provides for the preparation of the previous courses in the history of architecture, therefore the knowledge acquired in the history of ancient and medieval architecture is required.

Bibliografia: - *L.H. Heydenreich, Il primo rinascimento. Arte italiana 1400-1460, Milano, Rizzoli, 1979 (Parte dedicata all’architettura). - *A. Bruschi, Brunelleschi e la nuova architettura fiorentina in: Storia dell’Architettura italiana- Il Quattrocento, Milano 1998, pp. 38-112 - *H. Burns, Leon Battista Alberti, in: Storia dell’Architettura italiana- Il Quattrocento, Milano 1998, pp. 114-164. - G. Simoncini, Roma. Le trasformazioni urbane nel Quattrocento, I vol., Città di Castello 2004 - A. Chastel, I centri del Rinascimento – Arte italiana 1460/1500, Milano 1979. - R. Wittkower, Principi architettonici nell’età dell’umanesimo, Torino 1967. - *Sa. Benedetti - G. Zander, L’Arte in Roma nel XVI secolo- L’Architettura, Cappelli, Bologna 2003 (per le opere specifiche) . - *G. Simoncini, Roma. Le trasformazioni urbane nel Cinquecento, I vol., Città di Castello 2008 - *W. Lotz, Architettura in Italia 1500-1600, a cura di D. Haward, Milano 1997. - Si. Benedetti, Il Palazzo Nuovo nella piazza del Campidoglio a Roma, Roma 2001. - *R. Wittkower, Arte e Architettura in Italia 1600-1750, Torino 1993. - *P. Portoghesi, Roma Barocca, Laterza Bari 1995 oppure Editori Riuniti Roma 2011. - Sa. Benedetti, L’architettura dell’Arcadia nel Settecento romano, Roma 1997. - J. Summerson, Architettura del Settecento, Milano 1990. - A.M. Matteucci, L’Architettura del Settecento, Torino 1988. - G. Pigafetta, Storia dell’architettura moderna. Imitazione e invenzione fra XV e XX secolo. Voll. I, II, Torino 2007. - Si ritengono altresì necessari i contributi segnalati durante il corso, forniti dal docente o messi a disposizione sulla piattaforma e-learning2. Per la nomenclatura degli elementi architettonici e varie tipologie si consiglia la consultazione di: - Enciclopedia Universale dell’Arte (E.U.A.) - Dizionario di Architettura e Urbanistica (D.A.U.) - Per un inquadramento dei vari periodi storici si suggerisce anche l’uso di un Atlante Storico.

Other reference bibliography: - G. Simoncini, Roma. Le trasformazioni urbane nel Quattrocento, I vol., Città di Castello 2004 - A. Chastel, I centri del Rinascimento – Arte italiana 1460/1500, Milano 1979. - R. Wittkower, Principi architettonici nell’età dell’umanesimo, Torino 1967. - Si. Benedetti, Il Palazzo Nuovo nella piazza del Campidoglio a Roma, Roma 2001. - Sa. Benedetti, L’architettura dell’Arcadia nel Settecento romano, Roma 1997. - J. Summerson, Architettura del Settecento, Milano 1990. - A.M. Matteucci, L’Architettura del Settecento, Torino 1988. - G. Pigafetta, Storia dell’architettura moderna. Imitazione e invenzione fra XV e XX secolo. Voll. I, II, Torino 2007.

Laboratory program and planning activities: Architecture in Italy 1400-1500 A – Lectures 1. Brunelleschi and the new “prospettica” and “sintattica” architecture. Michelozzo 2. Alberti and the Antique 3. Roma from Niccolò V (1447-1455) to Alessandro VI (1492-1503) 4. Florence and Tuscany in the second half of Quattrocento 5. Renaissance centres: Pienza. Siena. Urbino. Milan B – Guided visits Architecture in Italy 1500-1600 A – Lectures 6. Bramante in Rome 7. New St Peter’s: designs and the history of construction 8. Bramante’s successors: Raffaello and Baldassarre Peruzzi 9. Giulio Romano and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 10. Veneto. Falconetto, Sanmicheli and Sansovino 11. Michelangelo as an architect 12. Palladio 13. Vignola B – Guided visits Architecture in Italy 1600-1700 A - Lectures B – Guided visits Architecture in Italy 1700-1750 A - Lectures B – Guided visits

The Exam in History of Ancient and Medieval Architecture is preparatory to the course. Non-attending students will need to add to the list of books already prescribed, some other readings selected from the general bibliography. Knowledge of other european modern languages and a familiarity with written latin would be advantageous. Knowledge of ancient and medieval architecture, and of its own specific vocabulary, is mandatory; summaries on special subjects (i.e. architectural orders' history, names and forms) will be available.

F.P. Fiore (ed.), Storia dell’architettura italiana. Il Quattrocento, Milan, Electa, 1998 (see especially 38-199; 272-433). W. Lotz, Architecture in Italy 1500-1600, Introduction by D. Howard, Hong Kong, Yale University Press, 1997. R. Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy 1600 to 1750, Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, 1993. M. Ricci, Spazialità e temporalità nell'architettura, Milan, Mimesis 2024.

The course is divided into ex cathedra lessons, study visits, seminar teaching

Attendance, not compulsory, is however strongly recommended

The exam consists of three questions on each of the main periods examined: fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Each answer contributes 1/3 to the final evaluation. At least two out of three answers will have to be judged sufficient.

The course is divided into ex cathedra lessons, study visits, seminar teaching