Architecture

Attended the course Elements of Restoration and Ancient and Medieval History

The lessons will be divided into two parts: one part of explanation by the professor on the history, techniques and theories of architectural conservation and a second part of student exercise on an architectural monument proposed and approved at the beginning of the course. Each lesson will include reviews of the work in progress.

Through a series of lectures ex cathedra supplemented with external contributions, the course aims to ensure knowledge of the fundamentals of restoration theory and history; to inform about the techniques and methods of surveying, historical and constructive investigation of architecture, qualitative reading and diagnosis of deterioration phenomena, and conservation intervention; and to address legislative, econo-mical, and political aspects of restoration, inventory and cataloguing issues, International Charters and Conventions, and the most topical restoration issues concerning social participation in heritage conservation, issues imposed by energy efficiency, and issues of reuse of architecture. Specific attention will be paid to the importance of the theoretical and methodological foundation of restoration and its priority over operational, technological and regulatory issues, within a unified critical and technical vision of design in restoration. These acquisitions will be more directly applied to an architectural piece, i.e., a complex of buildings or an urban setting, selected at the beginning of the course with the lecturer as an exercise topic. During the course students will also be required to report on specific readings on the history and theory of restoration, agreed upon with the lecturer, and to prepare monographic presentations on restoration projects carried out in the last two decades in Italy, and abroad, agreed upon by the lecturer; these activities are individual. Among the rest, students are required to prepare a conservation project on the assigned architectural theme, adopting the methodology provided by the course, starting with philological knowledge of the artifact and the study of its state of conservation. Students will form groups of no more than 2, maximum 3 students and will elaborate, together, a dozen A1-format graphic works representative of the cognitive path faced and the restoration project, facing various scales of elaboration: framing (1:2000), architectural (1:500-1:100) and detail (1:50 - 1:20). Registration for the exam is subject to successful completion of a final review of the work. The boards will be handed over to the lecturer in digital format during the exam. The boards produced by the students will be continuously reviewed during the semester, after the end of the course and until the discussion in the exam. The course organization foresees that these reviews will then continue at a regular pace on the lecturer's office day, but always by appointment, until December of the current academic year. Starting from January of the following year, students will access the exam after a last review for admission to the exam, again by appointment to be arranged with the teacher.

To address course topics and content, students must have completed their preparation in Architectural History, Surveying, Building Materials Technology and Architectural Design. Appropriate knowledge of the Italian language, developed oral expository skills as well as graphic processing and communication skills through the latest digital programs and tools (Autocad, Rhinoceros, Indesign, SketchUp and, possibly, notions of Revit) are also considered a prerequisite. Students must also ensure a general cultural background in history, geography, philosophy, chemistry, physics, at least at the high school level, as well as a good knowledge of the English language as a now indispensable requirement for approaching university study appropriately.

- Riegl A., Il culto moderno dei monumenti. Il suo carattere e i suoi inizi, in S. Scarrocchia, Alois Riegl: teoria e prassi della conservazione dei monumenti. Antologia di scritti, discorsi, rapporti 1898-1905, con una scelta di saggi critici, CLUEB, Bologna 1995. - Brandi C., Teoria del Restauro, Einaudi, Torino 2023. - Voci “Restauro” sulla Enciclopedia Italiana di Renato di Renato Bonelli (restauro architettonico) e Cesare Brandi (restauro opere d’arte) in “Enciclopedia Universale dell’Arte”, vol. XI, Venezia-Roma 1963, coll. 322- - Carbonara G., Le tendenze attuali del restauro in architettura, voce, "Critica, estetica, metodologia e conservazione", Nuove conoscenze e prospettive nel mondo dell'arte, II supplemento dell'Enciclopedia Universale dell'Arte, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2000, pp. 533-541. - Storia del restauro Claudio Varagnoli, Appunti di storia e teoria del restauro, www.restauroprogetto.it/didattica. - Roberto Cecchi, Che cos'è il restauro? Nove studiosi a confronto, Marsilio, 2005 - Salvo Simona, Restaurare il Novecento. Storia, esperienze e prospettive in architettura, Quodlibet, Macerata, 2016 Additional bibliographical references will be assigned to the students during the course and as needed, based on assigned monographic topics.

Mandatory and participated.

Students’ evaluation will start from the first day of the course, based on their attendance and participation in the classroom activity, i.e., during the lectures and in the occurrence of the laboratory activity. To the overall assessment of their participation will be added the grade assigned by the lecturer to the group for the development of the restoration project; students will also be evaluated individually for their preparation in the history, theory and technique of restoration, which will be verified by the lecturer. Overall, the final grade given to each student will result as an average between the evaluation of his or her participation in the course, the grade given to the boards prepared in the group on the monographic topic, and the grade given to the preparation of the theoretical part of the course.

In order to be able to profitably follow the Restoration Laboratory it is essential: to know and be able to apply methods and instruments of manual and instrumental architectural surveying; know the main features of History of Architecture; possess appropriate critical equipment to address the process of reading and understanding of the architectural body at present. This knowledge can be acquired in the introductory teachings Science of Representation III and History of Ancient and Medieval Architecture and Elements of Restoration.

The workshop is held in two weekly appointments. In each of them there is initially an ex cathedra lesson lasting approximately two hours; the following three and a half hours are instead dedicated to application work conducted under the guidance of the professor and assistants. This work, consisting of graphic elaborations, in-depth studies, written reports, is carried out by each group of students formed to address an application theme. The activities are also developed in a seminar context, involving multiple groups of students, and are subjected to checks by the professor.

Laboratory program and planning activities The course has the objective to stimulate students in reading the monument at present to identify the stages of its transformation process and its historical values. Complete a historical-critical study started in the course of Elementi di Restauro. Draw up the restoration project, which provides the analysis of the degradation and the relevant proposals of interventions. Current Trends Restoration: theoretical foundation of the restoration, the most recent positions, the critical restoration, restoration-critical conservative, pure preservation, maintenance-repair. The season of the scientific and philological restoration by Corrado Ricci and Camillo Boito to thirty to forty years of the Twentieth century with particular reference to Rome. A reflection on the cultural context of Alois Riegl (1857-1905) and Cesare Brandi (1906-1988). The archaeological restoration: reflection on some archaeological sites include pre-existing urban areas or across the territory; issues relating to the protection of sites, vulnerability, predictability and risk maps for their use and then some guidelines for the solution of technological systems. Analysis of the current status and interventions with examples of the defects of architectural reality: the degradation of materials and geological instability of the structure, preliminary investigations for knowledge, analytical reading of the degradation of materials, vocabulary NORMAL, genesis and processuality, examples of some cases of interventions. The disruptions and related interventions of consolidation: foundations, elevated structures, the theme of the arc and the vaults, floors, roofs. The humidity: causes and remedies. Adaptations and criteria of museology and museum: it insists on the concept of restoration is understood as critical interpretation; museum project: theories and achievements through the reading of some Italian and European episodes. The liturgical adaptation. The intervention in the historic city: the historic centers between conservation and innovation.

Adequate knowledge of the foundations of ancient and medieval architecture history and manual and instrumental survey techniques. Appropriate critical equipment to address the process of understanding of the architecture at present, in continuity with the Course of Elements of restoration.

Bibliografia DAL MAS, R.M., Progettazione ed esecuzione, in Restauro architettonico e impianti, Torino 2001, pp. 21-228. BRUSCHI, A., Architettura come processo e trasformazione. Problemi metodologici e critici, in Architettura: processualità e trasformazione, a cura di M. Caperna e G. Spagnesi, Roma 2002, pp. 29-32. SPAGNESI, G. Introduzione al restauro delle architetture delle città e del territorio, Roma 2007. DAL MAS, R.M., Valore del monumento e progetto in tre edifici bellunesi. Collegio dei Gesuiti, “Crepadona”, Villa Doglioni-Dalmas, in «Dolomiti», 2009, pp. 43-51; DAL MAS, R. M., SPAGNESI, G., Roma: dalla Casa di Raffaello al palazzo dei Convertendi, nei «Quaderni dell’Istituto di Storia dell’Architettura», a cura del Dipartimento di Storia dell’Architettura, Restauro e Conservazione dei Beni Architettonici dell’Università di Roma «La Sapienza», Nuova Serie, Fascicolo 53 – 2010. CARBONARA, G., Architettura d’oggi e restauro. Un confronto antico-nuovo, Milanofiori Assago (MI) 2011. CARBONARA, G. Restauro architettonico: principi e metodo, Roma 2012. Guida alle esercitazioni nel Laboratorio di Restauro architettonico, a cura di M. Caperna, con testi di M. Caperna, R. De Sanctis, E. De Luca, A. Licciardello, Roma 2012. DAL MAS, R. M., Interventi progettuali per la fruizione di chiese romane su preesistenze classiche: Sant’Angelo in Pescheria e San Lorenzo de’ Speziali in Miranda, pubblicato in La cultura del restauro e della valorizzazione. Temi e problemi per un percorso internazionale di conoscenza, a cura di S. Bertocci e S. Van Riel, 2, Firenze 2014, pp. 673-680. DAL MAS, R.M., Preesistenza e progetto nella architettura di Giuseppe Momo, in III Congreso Internacional sobre Documentación, Conservación, y Reutilización del Patrimonio Arquichectónico y Paisajístico, Libro Cominucaciones, Valencia 2015, pp. 755-762. DAL MAS, R.M., La funzione museale negli edifici storici, in «Progetto Restauro», 73, 2016, pp. 36-42. DAL MAS, R.M., Il progetto della scala nella rifunzionalizzazione dello spazio storico: il palazzo ‘Crepadona’ a Belluno, in S. Parrinello, D. Besana (a cura di), Reuso 2016. Contributi per la documentazione, conservazione e recupero del patrimonio architettonico e per la tutela paesaggistica, Firenze 2016, pp. 600-608. DAL MAS, R.M. (a cura di), La basilica di San Paolo Maggiore a Bologna e palazzo Regis a Roma. Restauro e nuove tecnologie, Beni Architettonici e Paesaggio, 4, Roma 2016. DAL MAS, R.M., L’apporto delle nuove tecnologie di rilievo nel restauro, in RICerca/REStauro, Sezione 2A, Conoscenza dell’edificio: metodo e contenuti, a cura di A. Grimoldi, Roma 2017, pp. 459-468. DAL MAS, R.M., Efficienza energetica e microclima, in D. Concas (a cura di), Conservazione vs Innovazione. L’inserimento di elementi tecnologici in contesti storici, Saonara (PD) 2018, Ebook, pp. 151-161. DAL MAS, R.M., La chiesa di S. Gregorio Barbarigo nel quartiere Eur a Roma, dal progetto di G. Vaccaro alle recenti trasformazioni: interventi progettuali e problematiche conservative, in F. Minutoli (a cura di), ReUso 2018. L’intreccio dei saperi per rispettare il passato interpretare il presente salvaguardare il futuro, Roma 2018, pp. 1421-1432. BENEDETTI, Si. DAL MAS, R.M., DELSERE, I., DI MARCO, F., Gustavo Giovannoni. L’opera architettonica nella prima metà del Novecento, Roma 2018. DAL MAS R.M., Il complesso dei SS. Martiri dell’Uganda a Roma: dal progetto di G. Vaccaro alla chiesa attuale, in ReUso Matera. Patrimonio in divenire. Conoscere, Valorizzare, Abitare, a cura di A. Conte e A. Guida, Roma 2019, pp. 499-510. DAL MAS, R.M., La chiesa di S. Gregorio Barbarigo a Roma di G. Vaccaro e la conservazione dell’architettura moderna, in Restauro. Conoscenza. Progetto. Cantiere. Gestione, Sezione 4.2, A. Grimoldi, M. Zampilli (a cura di), Realizzazione degli interventi. Casi Studio, Roma, 2020, pp. 599-505. DAL MAS, R.M., La basilica-memoriale di Mosè sul monte Nebo, in Giordania, tra anastilosi e ricostruzione, in Architetture per il restauro: l’anastilosi, a cura di R. Mancini, R.M. Dal Mas, M.G. Putzu, Roma 2021, pp. 133-166. R.M. DAL MAS, The design activity of Orazio Torriani in the Lazio possessions of the Orsini family, in G. Gambardella (a cura di), XIX International Forum Le Vie dei Mercanti, World Heritage and Design for Health, Roma 2021, pp. 385-392. DAL MAS 2023 R.M. DAL MAS, Contributi sull’attività architettonica di Orazio Torriani tra Roma e Bracciano nella prima metà del Seicento. Contributions on the architectural activity of Orazio Torriani between Rome and Bracciano in the first half of the 17th Century, Roma 2023.

The organization of the activities of the laboratory, which the performance of work in the classroom with the teacher, according to the procedures established by Sapienza University, requires mandatory attendance.

Final evaluation The results obtained in the laboratory will be evaluated, during the exam, with an individual interview on the topics of the lessons and contents in the bibliography and with the evaluation of the graphic elaborations of the exercise.

Bibliografia generale Trattato di Restauro architettonico, a cura di G. Carbonara, 4 voll., Torino 1996. FIORANI, D., Tecniche costruttive murarie medioevali. Il Lazio meridionale, Roma 1996. ESPOSITO, D., Tecniche costruttive murarie medioevali. Murature ‘a tufelli’ in area romana, Roma 1998. Atlante di restauro architettonico, a cura di G. Carbonara, 2 voll., Torino 2004. DE MEO, M., Tecniche costruttive murarie medioevali: la Sabina, Roma 2006. CHIOVELLI, R., Tecniche costruttive murarie medioevali: la Tuscia, Roma 2007. Il reimpiego in architettura. Recupero, trasformazioni, uso, a cura di J.F. Bernard, P. Bernardi, D. Esposito, con la collaborazione di P. Dillmann, L. Foulquier e R. Mancini, Colletion de l’Ècole Française de Roma - 418, Roma 2008. DI MUZIO, A., Rovine protette. Conservazione e presentazione delle testimonianze archeologiche, Roma 2010. MONTELLI, E., Tecniche costruttive murarie medioevali. Mattoni e laterizi in Roma e nel Lazio fra X e XV secolo, Roma 2011. Tecniche di Restauro, Aggiornamento, diretto da S.F. Musso, Milanofiori Assago (MI) 2013.

Programme 1_Workshop purpose The Studio aims to provide the cultural, conceptual and methodological work on existing buildings, presenting an overview of the multiple and different issues related to the protection and conservation of architectural heritage. Besides the natural continuation of the knowledge acquired and matured in the didactic experiences of the previous years, in particular during the course of Elements of Restoration, the Course represents the introduction to the composite activities that characterize the restoration. The workshop is divided into a series of lectures followed by exercises and design activities in the classroom to be carried out on a theme (building or complex of buildings) chosen by the student. 2_Main topics of the lessons: - restoration area and general issues (definitions and scope); - problems and current trends of architectural restoration; - historical features of the restoration from the premodern age to the twentieth century - methods and tools of knowledge, - hints and warnings related to materials and their state of conservation, - aspects and techniques of conservation issues related to the site's historic and contemporary, - issues related to the historical and contemporary construction site; - traditional and modern techniques and technologies, - the main normative references, - “innovative” aspects of the restoration; the “ancient-new” relationship. 3_Application theme: The subject matter of the project-proposal will, as a rule, be the same chosen by the student during the course of Elements of Architectural Restoration. If it is necessary / appropriate to choose a new building to be analyzed, it will still have to be small (limited) in size, so that it can be reasonably carried out in the duration of the course with the necessary rigor and depth, it must also present restoration problems and ensure possibility of free access. The exercises and design activities in the classroom are designed to guide the student in drafting the restoration project / proposal on the chosen theme. The first part of the semester will be dedicated to carrying out or deepening (where initiated during the course of Elements of Architectural Restoration) the cognitive analyzes of the architectural body, while the second part will be mainly reserved for the finalization of the project proposal, in close correlation with the analyzes conducted. In fact, the project proposal cannot disregard the execution of an accurate cognitive analysis of the architectural body and a detailed direct survey of the actual situation. The graphic drawings should in particular illustrate, with due consideration: • survey of the actual situation of the monument, as a whole and in some significant details, with particular regard to the analysis of the walls and construction details, accompanied by graphic notes and appropriate photographic documentation • historical investigation, carried out through the sources, the bibliography and the accessible documentation, in order to define the constructive and transformative phases of the architectural organism up to the present day • analysis and assessment of the aspects related to the degradation of materials, including mapping of diseases of materials and any situations of precariousness static; • identification of the main critical points and potentialities, of the aims and of all the aspects to be taken into consideration in the project of restoration; • a comprehensive proposal that addresses and defines at the same time both the main operations / interventions of a conservative nature, and any "innovative" aspects inherent in the restoration proposal / project • The proposed Project will be based on a detailed architectural analysis and on a direct survey of the status quo In summary, the proposal will therefore be based on a preliminary reading of the building with the aim of defining a method of intervention strictly connected with the historical and conceptual discipline of restoration. 4_Required graphic drawings: The project proposal will be represented on tables of the most suitable format to describe the chosen theme. The tables must contain a concise relationship with the relative essential bibliography, the graphs performed in the scales and with the manner of representation suitable for identifying, with reasonable detail, the object of study, the intervention and the proposed operations, all accompanied by an adequate photographic documentation concerning the actual situation. The detailed contents of the individual tables will be defined in the classroom with the students. 5_Teaching support: The lessons and exercises in the classroom will be integrated and supported by teaching material (bibliography, texts, norms, documents shown during the lessons, useful links) made available to students on the course website in the Moodle Elearning2 platform. The same platform will also be used for the delivery of the exercises and for all communications.

In order to be able to profitably follow the Restoration Laboratory it is essential: to know and be able to apply methods and instruments of manual and instrumental architectural surveying; know the main features of History of Ancient and Medieval Architecture; possess appropriate critical equipment to address the process of reading and understanding of the architectural body at present. This knowledge can be acquired in the introductory teachings Science of Representation III and History of Architecture and Elements of Restoration.

Basic bibliography: C. BRANDI, Teoria del restauro, Roma 1963, Torino 1977 2. M.P. SETTE, Il restauro in architettura. Quadro storico, Saggio introduttivo di Gaetano Miarelli Mariani, Torino 2001. G. CARBONARA (eds), Trattato di Restauro architettonico, 12 voll., Torino, Utet, 1996-2011. G. CARBONARA (eds), Restauro architettonico e impianti, Torino, voll. V-VII. G. CARBONARA (eds), Atlante del Restauro, Torino 2004, vol. VIII (in 2 tomi). G. CARBONARA, Architettura d’oggi e Restauro. Un confronto antico-nuovo, Torino 2011. D. FIORANI (ed.), Restauro e tecnologie in architettura, Roma 2009. Indications and specific references will be provided to students during the course and made available to students on the course website in the Moodle Elearning2 platform.. Students are required to keep themselves up to date by means of readings (journals, periodicals, etc...).

The workshop is organized in lectures, tutorials and classroom project activities. Visits to archaeological sites and museums are also planned during the semester. The lessons will be the guide for the exercises that students will need to draw on a topic of their choice but agreed and accepted in the time and manner specified by the teacher. The project activities to be developed on the chosen theme can also be carried out in groups (maximum three people) and will be subject to three mandatory intermediate checks (deliveries), established at the beginning of the course. The exercises and design activities in the classroom are designed to guide the student in drafting the restoration project on the chosen theme. Finally, collective insights are planned, which will take place in the classroom also through the use of ppt presentations by the students.

You must have attended 70 percent of the classes to be eligible to take the exam

The final examination, strictly individual, will consist of an oral test about the topics of the course and the bibliography. During the oral examination the student will also have to illustrate the project work carried out during the exercise, with the aim of verifying the level of learning and awareness of the methods adopted, the choices made and the results achieved. To pass the exam you need to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that he has acquired a basic knowledge of the topics covered during the course and that he is able to apply the theoretical and methodological notions to the study theme. To achieve a score of 30/30 and honors, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and coherent way. The student must also be able to apply, in an autonomous and original way, the knowledge acquired to the project theme.

G. CARBONARA (eds), Trattato di Restauro architettonico, 12 voll., Torino, Utet, 1996-2011. G. CARBONARA (eds), Restauro architettonico e impianti, Torino, voll. V-VII. G. CARBONARA (eds), Atlante del Restauro, Torino 2004, vol. VIII (in 2 tomi). G. CARBONARA, Architettura d’oggi e Restauro. Un confronto antico-nuovo, Torino 2011. D. FIORANI (ed.), Restauro e tecnologie in architettura, Roma 2009. Indications and specific references will be provided to students during the course and made available to students on the course website in the Moodle Elearning2 platform. Students are required to keep themselves up to date by means of readings (journals, periodicals, etc...).

The workshop is organized in lectures, tutorials and classroom project activities. Visits to archaeological sites and museums are also planned during the semester. The lessons will be the guide for the exercises that students will need to draw on a topic of their choice but agreed and accepted in the time and manner specified by the teacher. The project activities to be developed on the chosen theme can also be carried out in groups (maximum three people) and will be subject to three mandatory intermediate checks (deliveries), established at the beginning of the course. The exercises and design activities in the classroom are designed to guide the student in drafting the restoration project on the chosen theme. Finally, collective insights are planned, which will take place in the classroom also through the use of ppt presentations by the students.