Industrial pharmacy REPLICA LATINA

General expected learning outcomes The course of GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOGNOSY aims to provide knowledge to understand the mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics of drugs, and to provide students with concepts regarding the composition and effects of drugs (biologically active substances of natural origin), their preparations, and the active ingredients contained in them. The overall objective of the General Pharmacology module is to enable graduates in CTF to acquire competencies related to the fundamental mechanisms that regulate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the main factors responsible for the variability of the response, and the main mechanisms and effects of drug interactions. The general objective of the Pharmacognosy lessons is to integrate and complete the knowledge on products of plant origin (drugs, pharmacologically active substances of natural origin, food supplements, etc.). The student, based on the acquired skills, can have a scientific approach to natural products, to be applied in research (drug discovery), in the pharmaceutical industry, in the therapeutic field and/or in the health field. These objectives will be achieved through lessons in classroom. The overall objective of the Pharmacognosy module is to integrate and complete knowledge on products of plant origin (drugs, biologically active substances of natural origin, dietary supplements, etc.). Based on the acquired competencies, students will be able to have a scientific approach to natural products, which can be applied in research (drug discovery), the pharmaceutical industry, therapeutic field, and/or the health field. These objectives will be achieved through classroom lectures. Specific expected learning outcomes 1. Knowledge and understanding Specific objectives of the lessons of General Pharmacology: at the end of the course the student will know and understand the fundamental mechanisms that regulate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the main factors responsible for variability in the response to drugs. The assimilated knowledge can be applied for the resolution of various problems concerning the use of drugs and for the understanding of the contents of the Special Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy course. Students will acquire the ability to critically deal with topics related to current pharmacological issues. These objectives will be achieved through lectures that involve the use of power point, database (es. PubMed) and projections of short movies related to pharmacological issue that can stimulate the critical sense. All these tools will be used to promote interactive discussions in the classroom. Discussions among students will be stimulates in order to improve the ability to communicate with language properties what has been learned. Specific objectives of the lessons of Pharmacognosy are the acquisition, by the student, of skills related to the different aspects of herbal drugs. In particular: their chemical composition, the pharmacological activity, the practical uses, the possible pharmacokinetic and / or pharmacodynamic interactions with drugs, foods, etc. and any undesired or toxic effects. The student should also acquire ability to exercise critical skills and judgment on the real effectiveness and safety of use of commercial products containing herbal drugs. The applicative autonomy (in the real life) of the concepts learned and the related objectives achieved, will also be made possible by the tools that will be provided to the student during the course, including: scientific literature to refer to, institutional websites, etc., in addition to reference teaching texts. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding Expected skills: provide the pharmacodynamic (ligand-receptor interaction) and pharmacokinetic (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) basis for understanding the action of drugs, including those of plant origin; address issues related to the development and use of plant-derived drugs. In particular, the student will acquire advanced knowledge of pharmacognosy of medicinal plants and their pharmacologically active principles, therapeutic and toxicological effects, interactions between plant active principles, including those with drugs and foods, and their use in herbal preparations and/or as nutraceuticals. 3. Making judgements The lessons will be all interactive, in which the teacher will ask the students continuous questions to stimulate them and develop their critical sense. These questions will also serve to evaluate students to make connections, integrating the General Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy in light of the already acquired knowledge, biological type (anatomy human, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology). The course aims to train future operators who are capable, with total independence, of dispensing and properly advising the public on medicines, self-medication products, and health products. 4. Communication skills The evaluation of the student's study will be carried out only with an oral exam, which will focus on all the topics of the program, testing the student's communication skills with respect to what they have learned. 5. Learning skills The student will find the deepening of what he heard in class on the recommended texts and databases (e.g. Pubmed). The texts will remain the reference point of the student who will know where to go to find in detail the notions that are partly forgotten. Moreover, the student will also have the ability to independently undertake more advanced studies such as those aimed at professional specializations by attending post-graduate courses, specialized schools, and research doctorates, also by participating in mobility programs with foreign countries.