| 10612252 | RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY [CHIM/03] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The Chemistry of Radiopharmaceuticals course aims to teach the student the various types of radiopharmaceuticals most commonly used in the field of nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The further aim of the course includes teaching the various methods of synthesis of a radionuclide, the creation of a radiopharmaceutical through different labeling processes, learning the mechanism of bio-distribution and localization of the radiopharmaceutical in the body, the techniques used for the detection of the radiations emitted during the various radioactive decays, the interactions between radiations and organic molecules and a general knowledge of the legislative landscape linked to the commercial distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. Finally, a further objective involves the description and use of latest generation radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of various pathologies.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will be aware of all the aspects described above regarding the production (synthesis and labeling methods) of the main radiopharmaceuticals used for the osteoarticular system, for the pulmonary system, for the gastrointestinal system, for the urinary system and for the central nervous system.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the importance of using a radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. You will be able to recognize the mechanisms that link the detection system of a radiation emitted by a radiopharmaceutical with the identification of an ongoing pathological process either of inflammatory origin or inherent to the presence of a tumor form. You will be able to discriminate between the radiopharmaceuticals on the market, those to be used for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. You will know the benefits and possible risks of using a radiopharmaceutical.
3. Making judgements
The lessons will all be frontal and interactive, during which the students will be stimulated to make connections with the various parts of the program carried out and with the notions previously acquired in the course of other teachings of the previous years. This in order to collectively involve the class in an active and critical way throughout the duration of the course.
4. Communication skills
The assessment of the student's learned notions will be carried out through a written test and possibly an oral test which will focus on all the topics of the program, testing the student's communication skills with respect to what she has learned.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to independently continue the study of the subject thanks to a series of handouts provided by the teacher and recommended textbooks for further study. This will allow the student to always have the material available on which to review the topics covered.
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| 10612248 | ANALYSIS OF DRUGS AND DRUG METABOLITES IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS [CHIM/08] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The aim of the teaching Analisi dei farmaci e dei metaboliti nei fluidi biologici is to ensure knowledge of the main aspects of the methods that can be used for the qualitative-quantitative analysis and pharmacological characterization of drugs and their metabolites, both in biological fluids and in “in vitro” model systems, from sample selection operations to processing, interpretation and transmission of results.
Specific expected learning outcomes
In this teaching, the students will have to acquire the following detailed skills according to Dublin descriptors:
1. Knowledge and understanding
Students acquire ability to discriminate the specific purposes of the different types of analytical investigations in biological fluids. Knowledge of the characteristics, differences and specificity of the various biological matrices. Definition of criteria for the correct selection, design, validation and application of complete analytical procedures for the identification and quantitative determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will acquire the ability to correctly frame an analytical problem, with particular regard to the research of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids of different kind and nature, and the ability to find information from the study of the reference scientific bibliography.
3. Making judgements
One of the fundamental objectives of teaching is constituted by critical learning. It is pursued systematically through the continuous interaction between teacher and students.
4. Communication skills
Students acquire the ability to communicate knowledge, problems and solutions related to the analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids. They are also able to expose assessments and motivations in a clear and understandable way to specialists and non-specialists.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to independently learn all the analytical techniques thanks to the availability of texts and handouts and also thanks to the consultation of scientific articles related to the topics of the course, which are published in indexed international scientific journals.
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| 10612249 | BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS [BIO/10] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The aim of the Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications course is to allow the student an in-depth knowledge of biochemical and biotechnological techniques from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The final aim is to prepare him/her to make use of these techniques to develop, in a creative and inventive way, new investigation strategies as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pathologies.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will gain up-to-date knowledge in the field of Biotechnological Techniques (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and relevant research application. In particular, he/she will deepen his/her knowledge of macromolecules separation and detection techniques (e.g. Southern, Northern and Western blotting; Immuno-precipitation; Microarrays; Biosensors); genetic manipulation techniques (e.g. Cloning and Expression vectors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mutagenesis; PCR and Real-Time PCR) and relevant applications in research, diagnostics and therapy. For these techniques, he/she will study both the theoretical background and the procedural approach /experimental design applied to an in vitro or in vivo experiment . He/She will also study the recent applications of Biotechnology in different research fields, such as design and production of: recombinant vaccines; humanized antibodies: anticancer drugs; use of enzymes in diagnostics and molecular therapy; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); RNA and SiRNA interfering techniques; Genome Editing via Crispr/CAS system).
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will be able to approach the research in the biochemical/pharmacological field using the latest biotechnology methodologies. He/she will be able to identify the most appropriate and profitable research strategy to best address the design of novel diagnostic methods or new-generation therapeutic approaches, or to improve existing therapies. He/she will be able to spot critical points as well as those that can be implemented. Altogether, He/she will know the most advanced therapeutic strategies and solutions deriving from the application and use of biotechnological techniques to the treatment of specific pathologies.
3. Making judgements
The course will consist of interactive lessons held in a classroom. The teacher will explain the general concepts and emphasize important points using an interactive approach based on class discussion and questions aimed at developing a problem-solving attitude, both during the lecture and homework. Students will also be invited to ask questions and analyse the topic under discussion so to acquire/perfect their proactive and critical attitude also using skills and knowledge acquired during previous courses.
4. Communication skills
The exam includes an oral interview and a power point presentation with a dissertation examining one or more topics of the course program, with specific focus on Biotechnologies. This kind of exam will allow evaluating the student's communication skills in relation to what he/she learned during the course.
5. Learning skills
The student will be able to deepen the topics covered during the course by use of the recommended texts. These textbooks will remain as a future reference for the student. The student will also develop the learning ability that will allow He/She to update his/her knowledge through the consultation of updated scientific bibliography.
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| 10612246 | PRECISION ONCOLOGY [MED/46] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course is aimed to provide knowledge concerning the main molecular mechanisms implied in the pathogenesis of cancer, in order to give the theoretical basis for the development of new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic procedures in oncology.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
During the course the student will acquire knowledge about causes and pathogenic mechanisms of cancer, specifically referring to genetic and epigenetic alterations, altered pathways in cancer, therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer therapy. This knowledge will be applied in the development of new targeted therapies in cancer. A further objective of the course is to equip the figure of the graduate in CTF with the basic theoretical tools for the understanding of clinical trials in oncology, of the research methodology, of the national legislation that governs its management .
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression will make the student:
-able to link the alterations at the molecular level with the identification of new therapeutic targets
- possessing the appropriate skills to carry out both activities within the NHS's local pharmaceutical services and research activities;
- capable of independent judgment with reference to the evaluation, interpretation and reprocessing of literature data;
- able to elaborate in a critical and autonomous way original ideas in a biomedical research context;
- able to communicate the acquired information to specialists and non-specialists in the field of oncology.
3. Making judgements
The student will be able to independently collect and interpret data derived from scientific studies in oncology by reading scientific articles in English as well as to communicate information and knowledge to specialists in the field of oncology. The student will also be able to critically and autonomously elaborate original ideas in a clinical research context and to interpret and formulate judgments on current clinical trials in oncology.
4. Communication skills
The modality of interactive lessons with seminars held by specialists in oncology (from diagnostics to therapy) will allow students to stimulate their critical and communicative skills. In the view of transformation of pharma companies, with the exponential growth of molecularly targeted drugs, a thorough knowledge of precision medicine in oncology will be extremely useful .
5. Learning skills
In the age of precision medicine the student will become aware of how indispensable for professional purposes is a continuous updating in a field, such as oncology, in which innovation in the pharmacological research it is in continuous evolution, with the development of always new targeted agents in the view of a more and more precise personalization of the treatments in oncology.
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| 10612253 | CHEMISTRY OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS [CHIM/09] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The Chemistry of Cosmetic Products course aims to teach the student the main types of cosmetic products and their use, the function of the different categories of ingredients used in the preparation of cosmetic products, the formulation aspects and the legislative aspects concerning the conception, production and sale of cosmetic products and the social and economic aspects related to their use.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will learn the function of each ingredient of a cosmetic product, the specific functions of the same ingredient in the main classes of cosmetic products, the physiological variation that the ingredients can exert in the area of application. He will learn the origin and composition of the main categories of ingredients and the techniques for their preparation and extraction. In particular, he will know the various types of lipid phases, their origin and their different functions in the various cosmetics, the surfactants and their use as detergents and dispersants, the water used in cosmetic products and the main hydrophilic ingredients, as well as other specific ingredients such as preservatives and antioxidants. He will also know the legislative aspects related to the use of the various ingredients and to the cosmetic product as a whole.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the student will be able to recognize, for a cosmetic formulation, the functions of each ingredient and to critically evaluate the possible interactions, incompatibilities, synergies of the various ingredients. He will be able to evaluate the stability of the formulation according to the substances contained. He will be able to propose a choice of ingredients relating to the effect to be obtained, and the conditions of use of the cosmetic product.
3. Making judgements
The lessons will involve the direct participation of the students by asking and soliciting questions in order to stimulate their critical sense. Comparison of the ingredients also suitable for nutrition will also be proposed, stimulating the ability to correlate the various functions that an ingredient can have in the various fields of use. Notions already acquired in the chemical field (inorganic, organic and biochemical chemistry) and in the biomedical field (anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology) will be recalled.
4. Communication skills
The evaluation of the student preparation will be by oral examination, which will focus on all the topics of the program, testing the student's communication skills.
5. Learning skills
The student will be encouraged to seek further information on topics of interest both in the recommended texts and in specific scientific publications on the subject. This exercise will be useful also for his future working experience, to build skills in context analysis and problem solving.
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| 10612254 | NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY [CHIM/09, CHIM/02] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course aims to illustrate the applications of nanotechnologies to sensors and in the pharmaceutical and therapeutic field. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand how to synthesize, characterize and manipulate nanomaterials and how they can be used to create new nano-biodevices for diagnostics and as carriers for pharmaceutical applications and biomedicine.
- Nanosystems for the diagnosis and the pharmaceutical technology I
The aim of the nanosystems module is to provide students with the necessary information for a critical knowledge of the principles and applications of nanotechnologies ranging from the creation and modification of nanostructured material, to kinetics, electrochemistry and the principles of plasmon resonance, together with the knowledge acquired in other lessons such as biochemistry, organic chemistry and pharmacology will be the basis for the realization of miniaturized devices based on bio-nanotechnologies applied to resolutions of problems in the food, clinical and ecotoxicological fields.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY:
• to know the principles that underlie nanotechnology with particular regard to modification and functionalization;
• to know the principles underlying the measurement techniques applied for the realization of the nanodevices;
• to understand the potentiality of nanostructured modified biosensors and their use in real matrices analysis in several fields of interest in particular; food, clinical, pharmaceutical and environmental.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
• to understand the different theoretical-experimental approaches for the resolution of properties inherent in the use of nanomaterials in diagnostics in general and biosensors in particular.
JUDGMENT AUTONOMY:
• to be able to develop their critical sense following stimuli coming from the teacher:
• to be able to connect the topics studied thanks to the multidisciplinary nature of the course by integrating what has been studied in the course with the already acquired knowledge of the chemical and biological type.
LEARNING ABILITY:
• to be able to describe scientific topics related to real systems using in a critical way the methodologies and techniques covered in the course.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
• to be able to discuss scientific topics related to nanotechnologies and measuring devices and apply them to real processes.
- Nanosystems for the diagnosis and the pharmaceutical technology II
The aim of this module is to illustrate the applications of the nanotechnologies in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field. In particular, the main applications of nanotechnologies in drug delivery, medicine and theranostics will be showed, both for systems under already on the market and for the most innovative systems in the early research stage.
This aim will be reached through the achievement of specific objectives concerning:
• The description of the main nanotechnological systems developed and under research, with an illustration of their structure and of the rationale underlying their application;
• the knowledge of the national and international regulatory bases for nanotechnological products;
• the knowledge of the main formulations and production of nanotechnological products;
• the ability to systematically apply the knowledge acquired in the course to the various operational contexts in which the student, once he has obtained his degree, will operate;
• the ability to communicate the results of their own elaborations to the stakeholders;
• the ability to find information necessary for the self-updating.
These specific objectives will be achieved through the provision of lectures, the execution of group work and the preparation of written reports.
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| NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY I [CHIM/09] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 3 |
Educational objectives The aim of this module is to illustrate the applications of the nanotechnologies in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field. In particular, the main applications of nanotechnologies in drug delivery, medicine and theranostics will be showed, both for systems under already on the market and for the most innovative systems in the early research stage.
This aim will be reached through the achievement of specific objectives concerning:
• The description of the main nanotechnological systems developed and under research, with an illustration of their structure and of the rationale underlying their application;
• the knowledge of the national and international regulatory bases for nanotechnological products;
• the knowledge of the main formulations and production of nanotechnological products;
• the ability to systematically apply the knowledge acquired in the course to the various operational contexts in which the student, once he has obtained his degree, will operate;
• the ability to communicate the results of their own elaborations to the stakeholders;
• the ability to find information necessary for the self-updating.
These specific objectives will be achieved through the provision of lectures, the execution of group work and the preparation of written reports.
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| NANOSYSTEMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY II [CHIM/02] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 3 |
Educational objectives The aim of the nanosystems module is to provide students with the necessary information for a critical knowledge of the principles and applications of nanotechnologies ranging from the creation and modification of nanostructured material, to kinetics, electrochemistry and the principles of plasmon resonance, together with the knowledge acquired in other lessons such as biochemistry, organic chemistry and pharmacology will be the basis for the realization of miniaturized devices based on bio-nanotechnologies applied to resolutions of problems in the food, clinical and ecotoxicological fields.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
• to know the principles that underlie nanotechnology with particular regard to modification and functionalization;
• to know the principles underlying the measurement techniques applied for the realization of the nanodevices;
• to understand the potentiality of nanostructured modified biosensors and their use in real matrices analysis in several fields of interest in particular; food, clinical, pharmaceutical and environmental.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
• to understand the different theoretical-experimental approaches for the resolution of properties inherent in the use of nanomaterials in diagnostics in general and biosensors in particular.
MAKING JUDGMENTS:
• to be able to develop their critical sense following stimuli coming from the teacher:
• to be able to connect the topics studied thanks to the multidisciplinary nature of the course by integrating what has been studied in the course with the already acquired knowledge of the chemical and biological type.
LEARNING SKILLS:
• to be able to describe scientific topics related to real systems using in a critical way the methodologies and techniques covered in the course.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
• to be able to discuss scientific topics related to nanotechnologies and measuring devices and apply them to real processes.
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| 10612256 | ADVANCED SEPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [CHIM/06] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
This course is mainly designed to provide a deeper insight into advanced chromatographic and spectrometric techniques presented during the course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry (second semester of the third year). Chromatographic techniques allow the qualitative and quantitative determination of complex mixtures, obtained both from synthetic processes and from extractive processes from vegetable drugs and environmental matrices. For these reasons, such techniques play a fundamental role for a future employment in the field of regulatory affairs and healthcare industries.
The students will experience the most modern techniques for the separation of complex mixtures (HPLC, UHPLC, HILIC) and the basic concepts of the coupling between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS), aimed at the correct identification of the chemical structure of the studied compounds.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student has a thorough and advanced knowledge of the chromatographic and spectroscopic methods already presented in the course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry. He knows the most modern techniques for the separation of complex mixtures (HPLC, UHPLC, HILIC) and the basic concepts of the coupling between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student knows the most widely used chromatographic materials, the theoretical principles and the most innovative chiral stationary phases for the analysis of chiral drugs; he is familiar with the concept of the inversion of the elution order of enantiomers. He knows some of the most recent applications in the field of proteomics (monolithic capillary column approach) and of stereoselective molecular recognition in the gas phase.
3. Making judgements
At the end of the course the student is able to decide independently which analytical method is more useful to solve a particular trouble that he could meet in the working field, from the characterization of new active ingredients of therapeutic interest to the production and quality control of the drug.
4. Communication skills
At the end of the course the student has the ability to communicate outward the knowledge he has learned during the course, both toward the scientific community and the labor market. In particular, he must be able to provide clear and direct information on the most modern chromatographic techniques and their applications in the field of drugs.
5. Learning skills
The student who has passed the exam is able to continue the study by reading the most recent articles published in the literature that the teacher makes available to him on the e-learning platform. He/she is also able to check specific databases in the field.
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| 10612261 | PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS [BIO/14] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives GENERAL EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
The main aims of the course are to provide knowledge on experimental pharmacological techniques essential for drug development.
SPECIFIC EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students
1. Knowledge and understanding. Will know some experimental pharmacological techniques essential for pre-clinical and clinical drug development.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding. Will develop critical skills on the subjects of the course also thanks to the preparation of a short theoretical dissertation and visits to research centers .
3. Making judgements. Will have acquired autonomy of judgment thanks to the independent analysis of the bibliographic sources of the course before and after the lectures (flipped classroom).
4. Communication skills. Will improve his/her communication skills also thanks to the presentation of a dissertation and the final oral exam.
5. Learning skills. Will be familiar with the most modern bibliographic tools (databases, online texbooks of the platform ACCESS MEDICINE) which will allow her/him to stay updated on all frontier subjects in the field of pharmacology.
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| 1022407 | PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY [MED/07] [ITA] | 5th | 1st | 6 |
Educational objectives General expected learning outcomes
The course is aimed at deepening microbiological knowledge useful for the preparation of new drugs and their quality control and for microbiological control of cosmetics, mineral water, and food. The aim of the course is also to provide expertise for planning scientific research for the discovery of therapeutic targets against human pathogens.
Specific expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The student will acquire skills to identify and to isolate the main human pathogens using the main classical microbiological, virological and molecular biology techniques, employed by diagnostic and research laboratories. Furthermore, the student will be able to suggest potential therapeutic targets, useful for the pharmacological treatment of various infectious diseases.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will be able to recognize the different microorganisms, to quantify the bacterial and viral load, and to perform the main sterilisation and biosafety procedures. The student will also be able to apply the main microbiological quality tests used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutic industry as well as in water and food control.
3. Making judgements
Lessons and laboratory exercises will be interactive. During the lessons the teacher will pursue an effective question strategy to capture students' attention, foster student involvement, and facilitate a positive, active learning environment. The student will be stimulated to analyse experimental data related to course topics.
4. Communication skills
At the end of the course the student will be able to use an appropriate technical-scientific language to communicate correctly on the topics covered, even with non-specialists or professionals from other disciplines.
5. Learning skills
The course is aimed at facilitating a critical and autonomous in-depth study of the topics covered in specialized texts and through consultation of databases and sector-specific platforms.
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