Medicine and Surgery

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
­ autoptic identification of the organs,
­ microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.
HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
­ identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
­ identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Learning outcomes BIOLOGY (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the correlation between structure and function of biological macro-molecules, in particular of proteins and nucleic acids.
Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of protein functional conformations and understanding of the pathological implication of their dysfunction.
Knowledge of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication and of mutagenesis.
Understanding the pathological implication of the DNA repair mechanisms impairment.

Obiettivi:
Conoscere e comprendere le caratteristiche del materiale genetico e le regole della sua trasmissione.
Conoscere la genetica mendeliana e le basi cromosomiche dell’ereditarietà.
Identificare le giuste procedure per risolvere semplici problemi di genetica e di formulare ipotesi sulle modalità di trasmissione di determinati caratteri in termini di dominanza e recessività.
Comprendere le potenzialità ed i limiti delle nuove tecnologie di manipolazione del DNA e quelle correlate alle scienze –omiche (in particolare genomica, trascrittomica e proteomica).

Learning outcomes GENETICS (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the genetic material and of its transmission.
Knowledge of the mendelian genetics and the chromosomal basis of inheritance.
Ability to identify the right procedures to solve simple genetic problems and to formulate hypothesis on the genetic transmision, in terms of dominance and recessivity.
Understanding of the potentiality and limits of the new DNA technologies and of the -omic sciences (in particular genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics).

Describe the principles that regulate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Describe the phenomena that complicate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Recognize the mode of inheritance of Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees
Calculate simple recurrence risk for Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees

BIOLOGY (II)
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge and understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the informational flux in eukaryotic cells, from the transcription to the translation and posttraslational events.
Knowledge and understanding of the structure and integrated functions of eucaryotic cell compartments (from plasmacellular membrane to cytoscheleton, nuclear membrane and endomembranes).
Knowledge of the molecula mechanisms controlling cell cycle, cell death and cell differentiation.
Acquisition of the concepts of protooncogene, oncogene and oncosuppressor gene.
Knowledge of the main molecular cell signalings trasducing several extracellular stimuli.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Learning outcomes BIOLOGY (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the correlation between structure and function of biological macro-molecules, in particular of proteins and nucleic acids.
Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of protein functional conformations and understanding of the pathological implication of their dysfunction.
Knowledge of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication and of mutagenesis.
Understanding the pathological implication of the DNA repair mechanisms impairment.

Obiettivi:
Conoscere e comprendere le caratteristiche del materiale genetico e le regole della sua trasmissione.
Conoscere la genetica mendeliana e le basi cromosomiche dell’ereditarietà.
Identificare le giuste procedure per risolvere semplici problemi di genetica e di formulare ipotesi sulle modalità di trasmissione di determinati caratteri in termini di dominanza e recessività.
Comprendere le potenzialità ed i limiti delle nuove tecnologie di manipolazione del DNA e quelle correlate alle scienze –omiche (in particolare genomica, trascrittomica e proteomica).

Learning outcomes GENETICS (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the genetic material and of its transmission.
Knowledge of the mendelian genetics and the chromosomal basis of inheritance.
Ability to identify the right procedures to solve simple genetic problems and to formulate hypothesis on the genetic transmision, in terms of dominance and recessivity.
Understanding of the potentiality and limits of the new DNA technologies and of the -omic sciences (in particular genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics).

Describe the principles that regulate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Describe the phenomena that complicate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Recognize the mode of inheritance of Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees
Calculate simple recurrence risk for Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees

BIOLOGY (II)
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge and understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the informational flux in eukaryotic cells, from the transcription to the translation and posttraslational events.
Knowledge and understanding of the structure and integrated functions of eucaryotic cell compartments (from plasmacellular membrane to cytoscheleton, nuclear membrane and endomembranes).
Knowledge of the molecula mechanisms controlling cell cycle, cell death and cell differentiation.
Acquisition of the concepts of protooncogene, oncogene and oncosuppressor gene.
Knowledge of the main molecular cell signalings trasducing several extracellular stimuli.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Learning outcomes BIOLOGY (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the correlation between structure and function of biological macro-molecules, in particular of proteins and nucleic acids.
Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of protein functional conformations and understanding of the pathological implication of their dysfunction.
Knowledge of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication and of mutagenesis.
Understanding the pathological implication of the DNA repair mechanisms impairment.

Obiettivi:
Conoscere e comprendere le caratteristiche del materiale genetico e le regole della sua trasmissione.
Conoscere la genetica mendeliana e le basi cromosomiche dell’ereditarietà.
Identificare le giuste procedure per risolvere semplici problemi di genetica e di formulare ipotesi sulle modalità di trasmissione di determinati caratteri in termini di dominanza e recessività.
Comprendere le potenzialità ed i limiti delle nuove tecnologie di manipolazione del DNA e quelle correlate alle scienze –omiche (in particolare genomica, trascrittomica e proteomica).

Learning outcomes GENETICS (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the genetic material and of its transmission.
Knowledge of the mendelian genetics and the chromosomal basis of inheritance.
Ability to identify the right procedures to solve simple genetic problems and to formulate hypothesis on the genetic transmision, in terms of dominance and recessivity.
Understanding of the potentiality and limits of the new DNA technologies and of the -omic sciences (in particular genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics).

Describe the principles that regulate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Describe the phenomena that complicate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Recognize the mode of inheritance of Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees
Calculate simple recurrence risk for Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees

BIOLOGY (II)
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge and understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the informational flux in eukaryotic cells, from the transcription to the translation and posttraslational events.
Knowledge and understanding of the structure and integrated functions of eucaryotic cell compartments (from plasmacellular membrane to cytoscheleton, nuclear membrane and endomembranes).
Knowledge of the molecula mechanisms controlling cell cycle, cell death and cell differentiation.
Acquisition of the concepts of protooncogene, oncogene and oncosuppressor gene.
Knowledge of the main molecular cell signalings trasducing several extracellular stimuli.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the students should have knowledge of basic chemistry and of biochemical structures: glucides, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
• know the chemical bases of pathophysiological processes,
• address in molecular terms some simple biomedical aspects,
• be aware of the importance of the chemical instruments in the cultural formation of a medical doctor.

The student should learn how to solve basic problems, dealing with solutions and their properties.

At the end of the course, the students should have knowledge of basic chemistry and of biochemical structures: glucides, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
To provide the fundamentals of physics, only touched upon in secondary school, aimed at comprehension and study of medical subjects in physics, such as fluidodynamics, diffusion, ionic currents applied to processes belonging to the human system.

Make the student able to solve quantitatively simple problems and to understand some issues of Medical Physics

Educational objectives

To be able to establish a therapeutic alliance with the patient and apply the principle of "taking care of". Establish a relationship with the patient, his family members, care staff and other colleagues involved in the diagnostic-therapeutic program.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide students to understand and apply knowledge in the medical field, in clinical practice and research, the main concepts and tools of medical statistics.
At the end of the course, students will have acquired a good knowledge related to the terminology used in the field of statistical-epidemiological. They will be able to use the right tools as appropriate methodological and statistical models necessary to assess the reliability of the collected data and to perform analysis of interest, integrating the acquired clinical experience with careful and critical analysis of the medical literature.

Educational objectives

Sapere acquisire un metodo ed una cultura appropriata ad una formazione teorico-pratica basata su basi scientifiche e su un rapporto umano. Conoscere le principali tappe dell’evoluzione del pensiero medico anche in prospettiva di confronto multiculturale. Conoscere l’origine, l’evoluzione e l’uso corrente dei principali termini in uso in medicina e saperne spiegare le implicazioni concettuali.

Educational objectives

To be able to establish a therapeutic alliance with the patient and apply the principle of "taking care of". Establish a relationship with the patient, his family members, care staff and other colleagues involved in the diagnostic-therapeutic program.

Educational objectives

Molecular mechanism of cellular signalling and regulation controlling the central metabolic pathways.

Educational objectives

Structure and function of proteins.
Main techniques for the separation and study of proteins.

Key concepts of catalysis and kinetics of enzyme reaction and control mechanisms of enzyme activity.
Structure and function of carbohydrates and lipids.

Educational objectives

Molecular basis of genetic information and its biomedical applications.
Main methods for the study of nucleic acids.

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Learning outcomes BIOLOGY (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the correlation between structure and function of biological macro-molecules, in particular of proteins and nucleic acids.
Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of protein functional conformations and understanding of the pathological implication of their dysfunction.
Knowledge of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication and of mutagenesis.
Understanding the pathological implication of the DNA repair mechanisms impairment.

Obiettivi:
Conoscere e comprendere le caratteristiche del materiale genetico e le regole della sua trasmissione.
Conoscere la genetica mendeliana e le basi cromosomiche dell’ereditarietà.
Identificare le giuste procedure per risolvere semplici problemi di genetica e di formulare ipotesi sulle modalità di trasmissione di determinati caratteri in termini di dominanza e recessività.
Comprendere le potenzialità ed i limiti delle nuove tecnologie di manipolazione del DNA e quelle correlate alle scienze –omiche (in particolare genomica, trascrittomica e proteomica).

Learning outcomes GENETICS (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the genetic material and of its transmission.
Knowledge of the mendelian genetics and the chromosomal basis of inheritance.
Ability to identify the right procedures to solve simple genetic problems and to formulate hypothesis on the genetic transmision, in terms of dominance and recessivity.
Understanding of the potentiality and limits of the new DNA technologies and of the -omic sciences (in particular genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics).

Describe the principles that regulate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Describe the phenomena that complicate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Recognize the mode of inheritance of Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees
Calculate simple recurrence risk for Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees

BIOLOGY (II)
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge and understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the informational flux in eukaryotic cells, from the transcription to the translation and posttraslational events.
Knowledge and understanding of the structure and integrated functions of eucaryotic cell compartments (from plasmacellular membrane to cytoscheleton, nuclear membrane and endomembranes).
Knowledge of the molecula mechanisms controlling cell cycle, cell death and cell differentiation.
Acquisition of the concepts of protooncogene, oncogene and oncosuppressor gene.
Knowledge of the main molecular cell signalings trasducing several extracellular stimuli.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Learning outcomes BIOLOGY (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the correlation between structure and function of biological macro-molecules, in particular of proteins and nucleic acids.
Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of protein functional conformations and understanding of the pathological implication of their dysfunction.
Knowledge of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication and of mutagenesis.
Understanding the pathological implication of the DNA repair mechanisms impairment.

Obiettivi:
Conoscere e comprendere le caratteristiche del materiale genetico e le regole della sua trasmissione.
Conoscere la genetica mendeliana e le basi cromosomiche dell’ereditarietà.
Identificare le giuste procedure per risolvere semplici problemi di genetica e di formulare ipotesi sulle modalità di trasmissione di determinati caratteri in termini di dominanza e recessività.
Comprendere le potenzialità ed i limiti delle nuove tecnologie di manipolazione del DNA e quelle correlate alle scienze –omiche (in particolare genomica, trascrittomica e proteomica).

Learning outcomes GENETICS (I):
Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the genetic material and of its transmission.
Knowledge of the mendelian genetics and the chromosomal basis of inheritance.
Ability to identify the right procedures to solve simple genetic problems and to formulate hypothesis on the genetic transmision, in terms of dominance and recessivity.
Understanding of the potentiality and limits of the new DNA technologies and of the -omic sciences (in particular genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics).

Describe the principles that regulate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Describe the phenomena that complicate the transmission of Mendelian disorders in humans
Recognize the mode of inheritance of Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees
Calculate simple recurrence risk for Mendelian disorders in human pedigrees

BIOLOGY (II)
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge and understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the informational flux in eukaryotic cells, from the transcription to the translation and posttraslational events.
Knowledge and understanding of the structure and integrated functions of eucaryotic cell compartments (from plasmacellular membrane to cytoscheleton, nuclear membrane and endomembranes).
Knowledge of the molecula mechanisms controlling cell cycle, cell death and cell differentiation.
Acquisition of the concepts of protooncogene, oncogene and oncosuppressor gene.
Knowledge of the main molecular cell signalings trasducing several extracellular stimuli.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Learning outcomes
-Understanding and using of the experimental methods in scientific research.
-Acquisition of a general and integrated vision of the various cell compartment in terms of structure and function, of the molecular bases of this and of the control mechanisms.
-Knowledge of the molecular basis of the cell/cell and cell/extracellular environment crosstalk, understanding of how the cell is able to respond to different environmental stimuli in metabolic, differentiative, proliferative, apoptotic terms.
- Knowledge of the methods of transmission and expression of genetic information.
-Understanding of the etiopathology of the diseases of which the altered molecular mechanism (or the genetic basis) has been described and capacity to associate the alterations of biological mechanisms to as many pathological phenotypes.
- Capacity to solve simple problems of medical genetics in terms of transmission of hereditary characters and calculation of probability of phenotypic expression in the progeny.
- Acquisition of a critical judgment capacity on the technologies of manipulation and study of DNA and on the main biotechnological tools in order to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

GENETICS (II)
Learning outcomes:
Acquiring of capacity of critical judgment on the formal genetics, through the study of the evolution of the concepts of gene, epistasis and epigenetics.
Knowledge of gene, genome and chromosomal mutations and related human diseases
Knowledge of the cancer genetics and capacity to identify theraputic targets.

Learning outcomes:
Define the major principles of population genetics including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Understand the effect of consanguineity on risk of genetic disorders
Describe the major approaches from genetic epidemiology to identify the presence of genetic risk factors for complex disorders
Describe the main approaches for gene identification in Mendelian disorders
Describe the rationale for GWAS and the major results obtained in understanding the genetic bases of complex disorders

Educational objectives

To know the relationship between structure and function in the tissues and organogenesis. To know how to identify and describe the histological structure of a microscope slide.
To know the methodological and experimental aspects of histology and human embryology, as well as their present and future value in the biomedical applications and physiopathology.

To learn the microscopical and sub-microscopical morphological characteristics of the cells and tissues of human body. To learn the morphogenetic processes underlying the body organization during embryo development

Educational objectives

To be able to establish a therapeutic alliance with the patient and apply the principle of "taking care of". Establish a relationship with the patient, his family members, care staff and other colleagues involved in the diagnostic-therapeutic program.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must know and know how to apply the foundations of general psychology necessary for the analysis of behavior and its characteristics and must know the basic elements relevant to the way in which the person is in relation with others and his/her environment.

Educational objectives

To know the concept of health and disease in relation to the living and working environment. To know the basics of the health promotion interventions. To know the natural history of diseases and the levels of prevention. To know the basic models of the health systems and the bases of health organization in Italy.

To know the principles of environmental hygiene. To know the definitions of environment and environmental matrices. Knowledge of the main risk factors of exposure for humans.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must know how to use the methods oriented to information, communication and health education and be able to recognize the main risk factors as a cause of social disease and to identify the characteristics of different human groups. They must be students particularly careful to the relational, educational, social and ethical aspects involved in prevention and future physicians professionally consistent with the WHO health objectives.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
­ autoptic identification of the organs,
­ microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
­ autoptic identification of the organs,
­ microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Molecular mechanism of cellular signalling and regulation controlling the central metabolic pathways.

Educational objectives

Molecular basis of biochemical processes involved in the energy and glucidic metabolism, together with the metabolism of aminoacids (and their derivatives).

Molecular basis of biochemical processes involved in the lipidic and heme metabolism and their regulation.

Educational objectives

Molecular mechanism of cellular signalling and regulation controlling the central metabolic pathways.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

The student must know the method of functioning of different organs of the human body, their dynamic integration in apparatuses and the general mechanisms of functional control under physiological conditions. The Human Physiology Course aims to provide the student with the background necessary to understand physiopathology and pathology.

Educational objectives

The ability to obtain a good medical history and a good physical examination of the patient is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. It is important to have an adequate ability to report the doctor with the patient and family members. It is necessary to evaluate the close relationship between person, health, bioethics, genetics, epidemiology, medical history and objective examination of the patient. It is important to know the clinical method and how to write the medical record.

Educational objectives

In the course of medical genetics will be analyzed Mendel and the birth of genetics; the methodological and experimental approaches of genetic diseases; hereditary and multifactorial diseases; genetic tests.

Educational objectives

To acquire an appropriate method and culture for a theoretical-practical training based on scientific bases and on a human relationship. To know the main stages of the evolution of medical thought also from a multicultural perspective. To know the origin, evolution and current use of the main terms used in medicine and learn to explain the conceptual implications.

Educational objectives

The ability to obtain a good medical history and a good physical examination of the patient is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. It is important to have an adequate ability to report the doctor with the patient and family members. It is necessary to evaluate the close relationship between person, health, bioethics, genetics, epidemiology, medical history and objective examination of the patient. It is important to know the clinical method and how to write the medical record.

Educational objectives

Use epidemiological data to estimate the prior probability of disease and for the correct use of risk factors. Use appropriate epidemiological and statistical tools to reduce the area of uncertainty in the detection and interpretation of clinical data and to evaluate diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic decisions.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
­ autoptic identification of the organs,
­ microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
­ Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
­ Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
­ Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
­ Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

The student must know the method of functioning of different organs of the human body, their dynamic integration in
apparatuses and the general mechanisms of functional control under physiological conditions. The Human Physiology Course aims to provide the student with the background necessary to understand physiopathology and pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must
-know the application of the principal methodogoly of biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology and clinical pathology
-Know how to request a correct laboratory investigation in a fundamental and formal manner
-Be aware of the potential and the limits of the information provided by laboratory examinations

Knowledge and classification of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods) which are causative agents for humans. Knowledge of the differences between the various organisms in terms of: structure and morphology, metabolism, mechanisms of pathogenesis, reproduction and replication, epidemiology. Knowledge of the relationships existing between host and pathogens in human infections and of the opportunities of treatment, control and diagnosis of infections.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of bacterial and fungal species of clinical interest.
Study of morphology, replication, virulence factors and pathogenesis aimed at understanding the host-pathogen interaction and the knowledge of the infectious diseases related to the above-mentioned microrganisms.

To understand how animal viruses (most important families) are classified, how their genetic apparatus works and how they interact with and affect the host. The above molecular and cellular mechanisms must combine with the concept of viral pathogenesis, epidemiology, and control.

Educational objectives

Main life cycles of parasites. Transmission routes to humans. Food borne parasites. Role of vectors.

Educational objectives

The ability to obtain a good medical history and a good physical examination of the patient is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. It is important to have an adequate ability to report the doctor with the patient and family members. It is necessary to evaluate the close relationship between person, health, bioethics, genetics, epidemiology, medical history and objective examination of the patient. It is important to know the clinical method and how to write the medical record.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

The BLS Course provides the foundation for saving lives from cardiac arrest. It teaches both single-rescuer and team basic life support skills for application in both prehospital and in-facility environments, with a focus on high-quality CPR and team dynamics.

Educational objectives

Learning the basics of physical examination of the heart, the chest and the abdomen. Learning the basics of EKG reading. Learning the basics of systemic hemodynamics evaluation. Evaluation of respiratory patterns.

Educational objectives

Approach to the patient, medical record, anamnesis and physical examination with the basics of physical semeiotics. Learning techniques of cutaneous suture and how to dress wounds.

Methodology of surgical patient management, diagnostic pathways for surgical operations and after; Surgical semeiotics; Blood samples learning and wounds management.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

The student must know the method of functioning of different organs of the human body, their dynamic integration in
apparatuses and the general mechanisms of functional control under physiological conditions. The Human Physiology Course aims to provide the student with the background necessary to understand physiopathology and pathology.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical pathology and hematology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of microbiology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of microbiology.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical pathology and hematology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of parasitology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of parasitology.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives
The aim of the integrated course is to enable the student to know the etiological bases and the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease in man, as well as the fundamental physiopathological mechanisms of the main organs and apparatuses.
-To be able to interpret the fundamental physiopathological mechanisms of the main organs and apparatuses of disease in humans
-Know how to perform the operations aimed at an analysis of the fundamental pathogenetic and physiopathological mechanisms
of human disease and to interpret the results
-To be aware that the objective of knowing the etiopathogenetic bases of disease and of physiopathological processes constitutes the indispensable substratum for a subsequent clinical approach towards human diseases.

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process.
• Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Clinical interview: methodology and practical approach.

Educational objectives

Execution of a correct anamnestic collection and of the objective examination, with particular reference to the functional and instrumental semeiotics.

Educational objectives

Introduction to the semeiotics and methodology of the surgical patient.

Recognizing symptoms and objective signs in the patient affected by pathology of surgical Interest; to direct the research of laboratory, radiological and instrumental examinations for the purpose of diagnosis

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical pathology and hematology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

To know the application of the main methods of clinical pathology and hematology.
To know the purpose, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology.
Interpretation of the main laboratory tests of clinical pathology and hematology, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process.
• Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process.
• Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process.
• Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process.
• Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Role of epidemiology and statistics in the formulation of a correct diagnostic hypothesis and prognosis. Role of probability and statistics to manage the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. To know how to read and to Interpret the data of the scientific publications.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the main diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system, indications for surgery and knowledge of the main surgical procedures.
Knowledge of the semeiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology and semeiotics of the respiratory system. Knowledge of the main diseases of the respiratory system and their diagnostic and functional classification.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the anatomy, physiopathology and semeiotics of the cardio-vascular system.
Knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart diseases.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the main surgical diseases of the congenital and acquired heart, and of the main indications and surgical techniques.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the vascular and lymphatic circulation and of the main diseases of the venous, arterial and lymphatic vessels and indication of their surgical treatment.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the main surgical diseases of the thorax (respiratory system, chest wall and mediastinum) and of the main diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in thoracic surgery.

Educational objectives

To know aetiology, symptomatolgy and therapy of renal diseases.

Educational objectives

To know aetiology, symptomatolgy and therapy of renal diseases.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes:
Knowledge of the main pathologies of the Genito-Urinary tract with anatomical and pathological anatomical aspects, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Clinical knowledge and reasoning of the Uroncological pathologies.

To know aetiology, symptomatolgy and therapy of male genital tract diseases, infertility and sexual dysfunctions.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

Through seminars on interdisciplinary clinical cases, students will be guided to know how to critically evaluate,
through a correct clinical reasoning, the symptoms and clinical signs and to correlate them to the pathophysiological knowledge related to cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases more frequent in daily clinical practice. Particular importance will be given to the presentation of paradigmatic clinical cases of medical-surgical system pluripatologie.
The final objective will be the acquisition of an adequate differential diagnostic capacity useful for identifying the most suitable instrumental examinations for the resolution of the presented clinical case.

Educational objectives

Paradigmatic clinical cases aimed at learning physical semeiotics and elementary notions of instrumental semeiotics.

Educational objectives

Paradigmatic clinical cases aimed at learning physical semeiotics and elementary notions of instrumental semeiotics.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

To understand ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. To understand the different techniques in diagnostic imaging and their role in different organs. Indications and appropriateness of different radiological exams. Radioprotection and safety. Interventional radiology. Radiation Oncology. Molecular imaging and nuclear medicine. Artificial Intelligence in diagnostic imaging.

Educational objectives

Radiobiology and radiation protection.

Educational objectives

To understand the different techniques of diagnostic imaging and their indications. Appropriateness of radiological exams. Protection and safety. Vascular and extravascular interventiiknal radiology.

Radiobiology, techniques of radiation therapy. Indications to treatments.

Techniques of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

Improve knowledge and competence in term of nutritional status evaluation, particularly with regards to over and under-nutrition.

Educational objectives

Use of medical databases and reading scientific articles.

Educational objectives

Present general elements and, through the detection of signs and symptoms, guide the student in the use of the most suitable examinations and diagnostic tools to analyze and understand the clinical process.

Educational objectives

Present general elements and, through the detection of signs and symptoms, guide the student in the use of the most suitable examinations and diagnostic tools to analyze and understand the clinical process.

Educational objectives

The student will have to know the scientific fundamentals of Pharmacology and acquire the ability to apply the general principles of the discipline to the daily professional practice. In particular, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk / benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. Student will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

Pharmacokinetic implications to the principles of therapy. Pharmacodynamic-dependent variability to the response to the action of drugs. Genetic variability in the action of drugs. Moreover, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk/benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. He will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed to introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and endocrine diseases based on clinical and technological issues
At the end of the course the students will be able in the field of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine and metabolic diseases
• To recognize the presence of disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and to determine the phase, severity, and progression of the disease
• to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies
• to develop a professional behavior in agreement with the principles of efficacy and effectiveness of the diagnostic methods and treatments.

Educational objectives

To recognize the presence of a liver disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and how stage the disease.

To introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal diseases, based on clinical and technical issues.

Clinical approach to the patient with diarrhea. Pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea. Diagnosis and treatment.

Educational objectives

To introduce students to the classification and management of patients suffering from digestive haemorrhage or from benign and malignant neoplastic lesions of the colon-rectum.

Define the main indications and approaches to surgery of the digestive system.

Defining indication and approaches to thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal surgery.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes:
a) to provide knowledge: on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia; b) to acquire ability: to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies;
c) to acquire independent judgment: and establish the correct clinical classification of the patient; establish the correct diagnostic procedure and a therapeutic plan.

To introduce the students to the creation of an adequate framework for the patient and diagnostic procedure in the context of endocrine diseases, on the basis of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental data.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The student will have to know the scientific fundamentals of Pharmacology and acquire the ability to apply the general principles of the discipline to the daily professional practice. In particular, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk / benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. Student will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

The student will have to know the scientific fundamentals of Pharmacology and acquire the ability to apply the general principles of the discipline to the daily professional practice. In particular, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk / benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. Student will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes: Teaching the methodological basis of radiological techniques applied to the study of the nervous system. Teaching clinical indications for these diagnostic techniques. Be aware of the medical-legal implications of using these techniques.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes: Teaching the methodological basis of radiological techniques applied to the study of the nervous system. Teaching clinical indications for these diagnostic techniques. Be aware of the medical-legal implications of using these techniques.

Educational objectives

Teaching the anatomical-functional organization of the central and peripheral nervous system. To teach the clinical characteristics of the following pathological conditions: alterations of the state of consciousness (coma); epilepsy; degenerative diseases of the nervous system; inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases of the nervous system; neuromuscular disorders. Teaching the proper diagnostic techniques (clinical and instrumental) used in these diseases. Know how to manage the appropriate therapies and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications in patients affected by these diseases.

Teaching the clinical features of headaches and infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Teaching the clinical and instrumental diagnostic techniques used in these diseases. Teaching how to manage the appropriate therapies and be aware of the medical-legal implications in patients affected by these diseases.

Teaching the clinical features of cerebrovascular diseases. Teaching the clinical and instrumental diagnostics used in these diseases. Teaching how to do the appropriate therapeutic acts and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications of the acts performed in patients affected by these diseases.

Educational objectives

Teaching the clinical features of cranial and vertebral traumas and tumours. the clinical and instrumental diagnostics used in these diseases. Teaching how to do the appropriate neurosurgery and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications of these interventions in these conditions

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
recognize the neoplastc patient as a complex one, owing to its metabolic, infectious, haematologic, neurological and cardiovascular complications;
Integrate his own knowledge with those of other specialists, in order to have not a sectorial but a full view of the patient.

At the end of the course the student has to:
know the staging and risk stratification systems for prediction of persistent/recurrent disease and mortality in endocrine neoplasms; the usefulness of genetic testing in oncology; the tools to assess the efficacy and safety of the anti-tumor drugs; the protocols for the management of the anti-tumorl drugs adverse events;
be able to apply in the clinical practice information deriving from genetic test; to read critically and use the results of the oncology clinical studies
be able to tailor the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the risk stratification of the cancer patient

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
recognize the neoplastc patient as a complex one, owing to its metabolic, infectious, haematologic, neurological and cardiovascular complications;
Integrate his own knowledge with those of other specialists, in order to have not a sectorial but a full view of the patient.

At the end of the course the student has to:
know the staging and risk stratification systems for prediction of persistent/recurrent disease and mortality in endocrine neoplasms; the usefulness of genetic testing in oncology; the tools to assess the efficacy and safety of the anti-tumor drugs; the protocols for the management of the anti-tumorl drugs adverse events;
be able to apply in the clinical practice information deriving from genetic test; to read critically and use the results of the oncology clinical studies
be able to tailor the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the risk stratification of the cancer patient

Educational objectives

Principles of radiobiology; knowledge required to plan radiotherapy treatment (CT scanning and virtual simulation, treatment contouring, treatment planning, treatment delivery); RT-related acute and late toxicity; multidisciplinary treatment approach in oncology.

Educational objectives

Approach to patients with neoplasia from genetic and molecular aspects to diagnosis and treatment. Integrate own knowledge with those of other specialists, in order to have full picture of the patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student have to
-Know the AJCC Cancer Staging System (Eight ed) of solid tumours
-know the the Histopathologyc classification of solid tumors and understand its prognostic significance
-Know the multimodal treatment of solid tumours with the strategic timing of chemo and radiotherapy respect to the surgical approach
-know the modern therapeutic approach to the patients affected by metastatic disease

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Have acquired essential knowledge about the approach towards the rheumatologically sick patient, with particular reference to rheumatic pathologies and degenerative and phlogistic impression (systemic and non)

Have acquired essential knowledge about the diagnostic organization and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of the immune system with particular reference to immunodeficiencies, auto-immune diseases and to vasculitis and allergopathologies.

Have acquired essential knowledge of the approach towards the hematological patient with particular reference to
anemias, onco-hematological pathologies and disorders of the hemostasis.

Diagnosis and therapy of the major immunological diseases, with special reference to immunodeficiencies (excluding HIV disease), autoimmune diseases, vasculitides and allergic diseases.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major hematologic diseases, with special reference to anemias, onco-hematologic diseases and disorders of hemostasis.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major rheumatologic diseases, with special reference to inflammatory disorders (systemic and non-systemic).

Educational objectives

General management of patients with rheumatologic disorders. Diagnosis and therapy of systemic and non-systemic inflammatory rheumatologic disorders.

Educational objectives

Diagnosis and therapy of the major immunodeficiency disorders (excluding HIV), systemic autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases.

Diagnosis and therapy of the major vasculitides.

Educational objectives

Diagnosis and therapy of the major onco-hematologic diseases.

Diagnosis and therapy of erythropoiesis disorders, anemias and coagulation disorders.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

To give to the students the teorical and practical ability to recognize del dermatological conditions more frequently occurring in the medical practice, to recognize the skin lesions that more frequently occure in internal medicine and to distinguish the skin conditions that necessarly need a specialistic couseling.

To give to the students the ability to recognize the different elementary lesions, to associate them with the main immunomediate cutaneous pathology, to identify the cutaneous manifestations occurring in viral, bacterial and fungal diseases systemic or exclusively localized on the skin.

Educational objectives

To give to the students the teorical and practical ability to recognize del dermatological conditions more frequently occurring in the medical practice, to recognize the skin lesions that more frequently occure in internal medicine and to distinguish the skin conditions that necessarly need a specialistic couseling.

To give to the students the ability to recognize the different elementary lesions, to associate them with the main immunomediate cutaneous pathology, to identify the cutaneous manifestations occurring in viral, bacterial and fungal diseases systemic or exclusively localized on the skin.

Educational objectives

At the end of the period the student should know the basical notions in Plastic Surgery, and should be able to differentiate for example grafts from flaps, and their different indications. He should know the several fields of interest of our Discipline. Although he is not asked to know surgical details of the different techniques, he should know when to apply them.

Educational objectives

Make students aware about the main maxillofacial pathology, and related signs and symptoms in order to make a right diagnosis and to choose the proper therapy.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiopathogenesis, risk factors and prevention of dental caries.
Knowledge of growth and development anomalies of the jaws: normal occlusion and dento-skeletal malocclusion.

Knowledge of main odontogenic tumours in order to make a proper prevention and treatment.
Knowledge to prevent, diagnose and treat oral soft tissue diseases and tumours.

Knowledge of the etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiological semeiotics, complications, and surgical treatment notes of third molar extraction and of jaw cyst enucleation.
Knowledge of the classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiological semeiotics, and surgical notes of the treatment of jaw cysts.

Educational objectives

Make students aware about the main maxillofacial pathology, and related signs and symptoms in order to make a right diagnosis and to choose the proper therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- Know the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases with the main therapeutic approach.
- Have the ability to diagnose the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases.
- be aware of what pathological conditions could be treated by general medical practitioner and those were referred to specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- Know the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases with the main therapeutic approach.
- Have the ability to diagnose the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases.
- be aware of what pathological conditions could be treated by general medical practitioner and those were referred to specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- Know the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases with the main therapeutic approach.
- Have the ability to diagnose the most common otorinolaryngoiatric, maxillofacial, oral and eye diseases.
- be aware of what pathological conditions could be treated by general medical practitioner and those were referred to specialist.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the inflammatory diseases and bone infections of the jaws.
Knowledge of etiopathogenesis, risk factors and prevention of periodontal disease

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the methods of clinical interview in psychiatry and clinical psychology and of the use and function of mental tests. Basic psychopathology. The concept of normality in mental health. Classification in psychiatry and in clinical psychology. The DSM-5. Clinical description, course and epidemiology of anxiety disorders, mood and bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, trauma and dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, obsessive -compulsive disorder. Disorders associated to substance abuse. Personality disorders. Psychorganic syndromes. Intellectual disability. Clinical psychopharmacology. Phisical tretaments. Psychotherapies. The organization of the Mental Health Departments. Compulsory Treatment. Neuroscience in psychiatry and psychology and biological basis of mental disorders.

Educational objectives

Clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis and classification of mental disorders. The cerebral and neurobiological bases of mental disorders. General and clinical psychopharmacology. Pharmacological, physical and psychotherapeutic treatments of mental disorders.
Being able to make diagnoses of mental disorder, also in relation to differential diagnosis with mental disorders during somatic pathologies. Be able to set up a treatment strategy and evaluate the possible role of different specialized skills. Be competent in the field of psychiatric therapies, with particular reference to psychopharmacological ones.

Educational objectives

Understanding of the concept of mental disorder in medicine and in clinical psychology. The concept of Normality. The psychological evaluation of mental disorders.
Knowing how to evaluate mental disorders in a psychological perspective. Understanding of the person in times of crisis within the life cycle. The development of personality and the personological disharmonies. Methods in clinical psychology.

Educational objectives

To understand the principles of rehabilitation, to know when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation center.

Educational objectives

Recognize the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main rheumatic diseases.

Educational objectives

Recognize the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main diseases in orthopaedics and traumatology.

Educational objectives

To understand the principles of rehabilitation, to know when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation center.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (Hazard Hanalisys and Critical Control Point); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare.
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know to do Risk assessment (Evaluation, Management and Comunication) in realities of the envinronment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods.

Educational objectives

Know the fundamental elements of health promotion and disease prevention related to environment and workplace exposures.
To be able to adopt professional behaviors in line with the principles of disease prevention and workplace health promotion. Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

Basic medicine
To be able to adopt comunicative behaviors suitable for the promotion of lifestyles and the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases; to adopt amd communicate appropriate behavior towards the healthy population: vaccinations and screening. Know how to give a fair answer to fake news.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

At the end of the practical-evaluation internship, the student:
The student is able to put into practice the principles of the patient-doctor relationship: medical interview, contact, information, clarity, acquisition of consent.
The student is capable to obtain medical history and perform a physical examination in the outpatient context
The student has knowledge and capacity to apply the clinical reasoning: to distinguish between primary urgent complaints and secondary problems; to suggest a diagnostic hypothesis and to individualise the diagnostic methods of greater specificity and sensitivity to confirm or reject the hypothesis
The student is skilled to interpret the laboratory exams
The student is skilled to interpret the medical reports of the diagnostic imaging examinations
The student is oriented in decision-making regarding the pharmacological treatment
The student is able to compile the report of hospital admission/discharge and to write a discharge letter
The student is able to judge the appropriateness of the hospital discharge and to suggest the rehabilitation solutions or recovery in other facilities
The student is capable to frame the reason of ospitalization taking into account possible chronic illnesses, further critical conditions and patient’s frailty
The student is able to demonstrate the skills of prevention and sanitary education
The student demonstrates the knowledge and awareness of the National Healthcare System and Local Healthcare System
The student respects the shift schedule, wears appropriate clothes and is well-equipped
The student shows knowledge and awareness of the ward and/or ambulatory
The student interacts in an appropriate manner with the medical personnel, nurses and the department technicians
he student demonstrates the awareness and knowledge of the different roles of the medical team members
The student demonstrates active attitude: makes questions, candidates to perform activities

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Know the most frequent forms of gynaeological pathologies, the indication of fundamental preventative and therapeutic measures: problematic physiopathologies, both psychological and clinical regarding fertility, procreation, pregnancy, prenatal morbility, labour, development and the state of health of the foetus and the newborn infant.

Must be able to make a diagnosis of the main obstetric and gynaecological diseases.

Be aware of the conditions that require consultation by an obstetric specialist.

Educational objectives

Most frequent gynaecological disease treatment and prevention. Physiopathological and syntoms (prevention, diasognis and treatment) about infertility, pregnancy and delivery.

Acquirement of the basics of the menstrual cycles and its irregularities, ability to correctly frame the basic investigation for the infertile couple, understand and clinically approach endometriosis and pelvic pain disorders.

Acquirement of physiologic pregnancy information, obstetrics pathology, techniques of prenetal diagnosis
Screening of the main obstetrical and gynaecological diseas; acquiriment of the main elements of gynaecologic oncological disease.

Principles of diagnosis of the benign and malignant gynaecological diseases

Educational objectives

The aim of the lessons in Neonatology, in the course of Pediatrics, is to provide a basic understanding of the most common clinical problems on perinatal infections that may be present at birth and in the early stages of life.

Educational objectives

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pneumological, allergological, immunological and nephrological diseases.

The aim of the lessons in Neonatology is to provide a basic understanding of the most common clinical problems that may be present at birth and in the early stages of life.

The students must be aware of the most frequent childhood solid tumors and being able to carry out a preliminary diagnostic approach.

Students must know how to distinguish between physiologic GER and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. Explore pathophysiology, symptoms, management and treatment options of Pediatric GERD.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric heart disease.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric endocrinological disease.

Know and distinguish the main signs of pathology of the newborn.

Educational objectives

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pneumological, allergological, immunological and nephrological diseases.

The aim of the lessons in Neonatology is to provide a basic understanding of the most common clinical problems that may be present at birth and in the early stages of life.

The students must be aware of the most frequent childhood solid tumors and being able to carry out a preliminary diagnostic approach.

Students must know how to distinguish between physiologic GER and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. Explore pathophysiology, symptoms, management and treatment options of Pediatric GERD.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric heart disease.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric endocrinological disease.

Know and distinguish the main signs of pathology of the newborn.

Educational objectives

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient demonstrating to be able to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Educational objectives

Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for thyroid surgical pathologies with case reports: classification, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and patterns, medical treatment surgical and post-surgycal treatment.

Elaborate the study of pancreatic tumors, with the aim of learning to understand the premonitory clinical signs for an early diagnosis. Identify a therapeutic-diagnostic algorithm. Define surgical indications and contraindications. Illustrate the surgical times of the main pancreatic resections.

Clinical cases presentation in order to define the diagnostic work up and treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the liver using particularly multidisciplinary approach. Tumors of the stomach using the same method stated above.
On the basis of clinical cases assessment of the patient candidate for liver and kidney transplantation. Kidney and liver transplantation recommendations. Surgical techniques

Educational objectives

Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for thyroid surgical pathologies with case reports: classification, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and patterns, medical treatment surgical and post-surgycal treatment.

Elaborate the study of pancreatic tumors, with the aim of learning to understand the premonitory clinical signs for an early diagnosis. Identify a therapeutic-diagnostic algorithm. Define surgical indications and contraindications. Illustrate the surgical times of the main pancreatic resections.

Clinical cases presentation in order to define the diagnostic work up and treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the liver using particularly multidisciplinary approach. Tumors of the stomach using the same method stated above.
On the basis of clinical cases assessment of the patient candidate for liver and kidney transplantation. Kidney and liver transplantation recommendations. Surgical techniques

Educational objectives

1) Acquire the fundamental knowledge for the definition and classification of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease on ischemic basis. 2) Be able to identify and treat the individual cardiovascular risk appropriately in patients in primary and secondary prevention. 3) Be able to formulate the differential diagnosis of the main alterations of lipid metabolism associated with an increased cardiovascular risk; 4) Acquire elements of clinical pharmacology for the treatment of cardiovascular risk.

At the end of the course the student must have learned to formulate the clinical reasoning that leads from the individual patient to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the pathology that has affected the individual patient. This means that the reasoning is based on the individual patient and not on the nosography of a given disease, because the patient's pathology is unique and individual.
Clinical reasoning can be developed through an inductive process or a hypothetical-deductive procedure. During the course of the lessons, various clinical cases were presented that supported the hypothetical deductive procedure as the most advantageous one for arriving at the diagnosis and subsequent therapy. In fact, the inductive method, as it does not select hypotheses and places symptoms and signs on the same level, is configured with multiple "unbiased” investigations, that make the achievement of a diagnosis much more complicated.
On the contrary, the hypothetical deductive procedure asks the doctor to formulate a hypothesis on the basis of the symptom (s) he considers most relevant (symptom / s guide). This guiding symptom becomes the target of diagnostic investigations and links with the other less relevant symptoms that the patient will present, through reason, doctrine and experience.
In summary, the hypothetical deductive procedure is configured through a step-by-step investigation:
a) Identification of the problem;
b) Finalized behavior;
c) Recognition of a hierarchy of data inferable from the clinical examination;
d) Continuous verification of the hypotheses formulated;
e) Awareness of the possibility of errors of recognition and attribution.

To further attention to the study of secondary arterial hypertension, to learn and quantify clinical signs and laboratory parameters for an early diagnosis in hypertensive patients. To define most frequent forms of secondary hypertension by using diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• know how to use basics of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local healthcare planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use published epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local healthcare planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

To provide diagnostic steps and treatments strategies to correctly manage the emergency conditions which typically occur in critically ill patients.

Educational objectives

The student acquires knowledge related to the main emergencies in the field of Emergency Medicine, thus develops skills and competences.

Educational objectives

To be able to carry out fundamental therapy in an emergency and know how to prepare the patient for surgery.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the principles of management of the main vascular emergencies

Educational objectives

To be familiar with the indications for diagnostic imaging and limitations in emergencies

Educational objectives

To provide diagnostic steps and treatments strategies to correctly manage the emergency conditions which typically occur in critically ill patients.

Educational objectives

Approach, management and treatment of the emergency patient. To be able to carry out fundamental therapy in an emergency and know how to prepare the patient for surgery.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the principles of management of the main neurological emergencies.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide to students a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main diseases of the most common medical and surgical interests.
At the end of the course the student must be able to take therapeutic decisions about the most common diseases.

The students will also acquire general knowledge of respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, of the preparation for surgery, of postoperative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

At the end of the course the student must be able to make a decision aimed towards therapeutic ends in pathologies of statistical importance.

The student will also have acquired general knowledge about intensive therapy, enteral and parenteral nutrition,
transfusions, obvious and concealed hemorrhage, and, as far as the surgical patient is concerned, to prepare him for the operation, and to deal with post-operative complications, paying particular attention to infection and antibiotic
treatment.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide to students a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main diseases of the most common medical and surgical interests.
At the end of the course the student must be able to take therapeutic decisions about the most common diseases.

The students will also acquire general knowledge of respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, of the preparation for surgery, of postoperative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

At the end of the course the student must be able to make a decision aimed towards therapeutic ends in pathologies of statistical importance.

The student will also have acquired general knowledge about intensive therapy, enteral and parenteral nutrition,
transfusions, obvious and concealed hemorrhage, and, as far as the surgical patient is concerned, to prepare him for the operation, and to deal with post-operative complications, paying particular attention to infection and antibiotic
treatment.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide to students a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main diseases of the most common medical and surgical interests.
At the end of the course the student must be able to take therapeutic decisions about the most common diseases.

The students will also acquire general knowledge of respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, of the preparation for surgery, of postoperative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

At the end of the course the student must be able to make a decision aimed towards therapeutic ends in pathologies of statistical importance.

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the sudent must:

Know the main legislative norms that regulate Health organization and the fundamentals of bioethics in the present-day problematic area, knowledge of ethical norms and different cultural models, the area of action of clinical bioethics and the concept of taking care of the patient.

Be able to carry out medico-legal procedures; be able to make an ethical analysis of a case history and an evaluation of the doctor’s own behaviour in critical situations following the principles of medical ethics.

Be aware of deontological obligations and responsibility in the practice of medicine and in the national area of the social security system.

Be able to be a doctor who, respecting a person’s dignity, acts by safeguarding the health and welfare of the patient and of the community, using the limited resources available by law, aware of the need to respect the patient’s rights and autonomy but at the same time helping the patient to reach a decision aimed at what is best for
him.

Knowledge of notions of thanatology and forensic pathology.

Knowledge of medico-legal issues related to provisions of the criminal law and civil law interesting personal demage and field of social and private insurance.

Knowledge of legal and ethical principles that govern the relation of medicine and law, civil and penal law questions about the legitimacy of medical treatment.

Knowledge of notions in the field of private insurance.

Educational objectives

Mainteaching objectivesBy the end of the course the sudent must:Knowthe main legislative norms that regulate Health organization and the fundamentals of bioethics in the present-day problematic area,knowledge of ethical norms and different cultural models,the area of action of clinical bioethics and the concept of taking care of the patient.Be able tocarry out medico-legal procedures; be able to make an ethical analysis of a case history and an evaluation of the doctor’s own behaviour in critical situations following the principles of medical ethics.Be aware ofdeontological obligations and responsibility in the practice of medicine and in the national area of the social security system.Be ableto be a doctor who, respecting a person’s dignity, acts by safeguarding the health and welfare of the patient and of the community, using the limited resources available by law, aware of the need to respect the patient’s rights and autonomy but at the same time helping the patient to reach a decision aimed at what is best for him.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

At the end of the practical-evaluation internship, the student:
The student is able to put into practice the principles of the patient-doctor relationship: medical interview, contact, information, clarity, acquisition of consent.
The student is capable to obtain medical history and perform a physical examination in the outpatient context
The student has knowledge and capacity to apply the clinical reasoning: to distinguish between primary urgent complaints and secondary problems; to suggest a diagnostic hypothesis and to individualise the diagnostic methods of greater specificity and sensitivity to confirm or reject the hypothesis
The student is skilled to interpret the laboratory exams
The student is skilled to interpret the medical reports of the diagnostic imaging examinations
The student is oriented in decision-making regarding the pharmacological treatment
The student is able to compile the report of hospital admission/discharge and to write a discharge letter
The student is able to judge the appropriateness of the hospital discharge and to suggest the rehabilitation solutions or recovery in other facilities
The student is capable to frame the reason of ospitalization taking into account possible chronic illnesses, further critical conditions and patient’s frailty
The student is able to demonstrate the skills of prevention and sanitary education
The student demonstrates the knowledge and awareness of the National Healthcare System and Local Healthcare System
The student respects the shift schedule, wears appropriate clothes and is well-equipped
The student shows knowledge and awareness of the ward and/or ambulatory
The student interacts in an appropriate manner with the medical personnel, nurses and the department technicians
he student demonstrates the awareness and knowledge of the different roles of the medical team members
The student demonstrates active attitude: makes questions, candidates to perform activities

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)

Educational objectives

PRACTICAL INTERNSHIP FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION (TPVES)