Medicine and Surgery

Educational objectives

Based on the attachments to Ministerial Decree no. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide.

The Physics course aims to provide essential knowledge of physics for understanding natural phenomena and biological processes, with particular attention to applications in the biomedical field.

Educational objectives

Based on the attachments to Ministerial Decree no. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide and has the following general objectives:

The Biology course aims to provide students with a solid and integrated understanding of the fundamentals of biology, which is essential for understanding the physiological and pathological processes addressed in subsequent courses in the biomedical field.

Educational objectives

According to the annexes of Ministerial Decree No. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide and has the following general objectives:

Provide a foundation for understanding the fundamental laws governing matter and its transformations, with particular attention to biological phenomena at the atomic and molecular levels, in relation to biomedical applications.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course introduces students to the methodological and cultural foundations of medical education. It provides the basic principles of applied biology necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and places the development of medicine within its historical and ethical context. The course also presents the fundamental principles of general psychology, hygiene, and public health, with particular reference to health determinants, disease prevention, and health promotion. Students are introduced to multiprofessional healthcare practice and the doctor–patient relationship, while developing basic skills in understanding and using medical-scientific terminology in English.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

To know the relationship between structure and function in the tissues and organogenesis. To know how to identify and describe the histological structure of a microscope slide.
To know the methodological and experimental aspects of histology and human embryology, as well as their present and future value in the biomedical applications and physiopathology.

To learn the microscopical and sub-microscopical morphological characteristics of the cells and tissues of human body. To learn the morphogenetic processes underlying the body organization during embryo development.

Educational objectives

To know the relationship between structure and function in the tissues and organogenesis. To know how to identify and describe the histological structure of a microscope slide.
To know the methodological and experimental aspects of histology and human embryology, as well as their present and future value in the biomedical applications and physiopathology.

To learn the microscopical and sub-microscopical morphological characteristics of the cells and tissues of human body. To learn the morphogenetic processes underlying the body organization during embryo development.

Educational objectives

To know the relationship between structure and function in the tissues and organogenesis. To know how to identify and describe the histological structure of a microscope slide.
To know the methodological and experimental aspects of histology and human embryology, as well as their present and future value in the biomedical applications and physiopathology.

To learn the microscopical and sub-microscopical morphological characteristics of the cells and tissues of human body. To learn the morphogenetic processes underlying the body organization during embryo development.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

To teach the biochemical bases of vital phenomena and provide the knowledge aimed towards interpreting those pathologies that may have alterations of biochemical processes such as etiology and pathogenesis.
Acquire the knowledge of Biochemical Methodology relating to principles on which the techniques commonly used in biochemical research and the methods used in clinical analysis laboratory are based.

BIOCHIMICA I
Knowledge of the structure and of the relationships between structure and function of the main macromolecules.
Knowledge of the principles on which common techniques of biochemical research and methods employed in clinical laboratory analysis are based.

BIOCHIMICA II
Provide the biochemical basis of biological phenomena and the knowhow to evaluate pathological settings connected to alteration of biochemical processes.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

Main teaching Objectives:
- To know the structural organization of the human body with its main clinical anatomy applications at the macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a medical practice perspective.

HUMAN ANATOMY I specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Identify and describe bones, joints and muscles at autopsy table,
- Identify and describe gross anatomy and structure of the heart,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.
- Understand the basic principles of biomechanical modeling of the musculoskeletal system, introducing a quantitative and functional approach to anatomy, useful for interpreting the interaction between biological structures and biomedical devices

HUMAN ANATOMY II specific teaching objectives:
To be able to:
- Autoptic identification of the organs,
- Microscopic examination and diagnosis of the structure of the organs,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

HUMAN ANATOMY III specific teaching objectives:
- To be able to:
- Central Nervous system: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures.
- Peripheral Nervous system: special senses, skin and its appendages: dissection and recognition of macroscopic and microscopic structures,
- Endocrine system: recognition of microscopic structures,
- Clinical integration through clinical and surgery anatomy seminars.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must
-know the application of the principal methodogoly of biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology and clinical pathology
-Know how to request a correct laboratory investigation in a fundamental and formal manner
-Be aware of the potential and the limits of the information provided by laboratory examinations

Knowledge and classification of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods) which are causative agents for humans. Knowledge of the differences between the various organisms in terms of: structure and morphology, metabolism, mechanisms of pathogenesis, reproduction and replication, epidemiology. Knowledge of the relationships existing between host and pathogens in human infections and of the opportunities of treatment, control and diagnosis of infections.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must
-know the application of the principal methodogoly of biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology and clinical pathology
-Know how to request a correct laboratory investigation in a fundamental and formal manner
-Be aware of the potential and the limits of the information provided by laboratory examinations

Knowledge and classification of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods) which are causative agents for humans. Knowledge of the differences between the various organisms in terms of: structure and morphology, metabolism, mechanisms of pathogenesis, reproduction and replication, epidemiology. Knowledge of the relationships existing between host and pathogens in human infections and of the opportunities of treatment, control and diagnosis of infections.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must
-know the application of the principal methodogoly of biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology and clinical pathology
-Know how to request a correct laboratory investigation in a fundamental and formal manner
-Be aware of the potential and the limits of the information provided by laboratory examinations

Knowledge and classification of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods) which are causative agents for humans. Knowledge of the differences between the various organisms in terms of: structure and morphology, metabolism, mechanisms of pathogenesis, reproduction and replication, epidemiology. Knowledge of the relationships existing between host and pathogens in human infections and of the opportunities of treatment, control and diagnosis of infections.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA I
The Integrated Course provides students with methodological and cultural foundations for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the historical and epistemological development of medicine, and the principles of the scientific method applied to clinical practice. The course introduces the main mechanisms of medical genetics, including hereditary and multifactorial diseases and modern genetic analysis techniques. It also presents the fundamentals of medical statistics and the interpretation of clinical and research data. Students are introduced to the clinical method through the principles of medical history taking, clinical data recording, and doctor–patient communication, while developing skills in the critical appraisal of scientific literature.
METODOLOGIA MEDICO SCIENTIFICA PRE CLINICA II
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of clinical semiology and basic healthcare procedures. It develops the skills required to recognize vital signs and evaluate major physiological parameters through the performance of general and system-oriented physical examination, applying inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques. The course also addresses the principles of first aid and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Students are introduced to the use of biomedical databases and digital tools for literature search and scientific updating, fostering the development of clinical reasoning, effective patient communication, and lifelong learning skills.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must be able to describe how the various organs of the human body work, their dynamic integration into all apparatus and the general mechanisms of control in physiological conditions. The Course of Physiology aims to provide the student with the premises necessary for understanding pathophysiology and pathology.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

Acquire knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for protection and for tissue damage, and their specific role in the resistance against pathogens, alloantigens, tumors and in immune-mediated diseases.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

MMS CLINICA (I)
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of the clinical method through the acquisition of skills required for accurate medical history taking and physical examination. Students learn to identify, describe, and interpret signs and symptoms within the framework of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The course also presents the principles of major diagnostic techniques, with attention to their indications, strengths, and limitations. It further develops the foundations of the doctor–patient relationship and clinical communication, integrating contributions from internal medicine, general surgery, and clinical psychology.

MMS CLINICA (II)
The Integrated Course develops clinical method skills aimed at the integrated interpretation of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Students acquire the ability to collect medical history, compile clinical records, and perform physical examination, integrating findings within a pathophysiological framework. Epidemiological and statistical tools are applied to analyze clinical data and manage diagnostic uncertainty within an evidence-based medicine framework. The course promotes the development of clinical reasoning, effective doctor–patient communication, and professional responsibility.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention. • Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. • Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Introduction to the semeiotics and methodology of the surgical patient. Recognizing symptoms and objective signs in the patient affected by pathology of surgical Interest; to direct the research of laboratory, radiological and instrumental examinations for the purpose of diagnosis

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention. • Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. • Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Clinical interview: methodology and practical approach.

Educational objectives

1. Familiarise yourself with the statistical and methodological skills required to understand and critically discuss a medical research article in English.
2. Understand oral presentations of research in English.
3. Know how to formulate questions and participate in discussions.

Educational objectives

Role of epidemiology and statistics in the formulation of a correct diagnostic hypothesis and prognosis. Role of probability and statistics to manage the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. To know how to read and to Interpret the data of the scientific publications.

Educational objectives

Execution of a correct anamnestic collection and of the objective examination, with particular reference to the functional and instrumental semeiotics.

Educational objectives

MMS CLINICA (I)
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of the clinical method through the acquisition of skills required for accurate medical history taking and physical examination. Students learn to identify, describe, and interpret signs and symptoms within the framework of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The course also presents the principles of major diagnostic techniques, with attention to their indications, strengths, and limitations. It further develops the foundations of the doctor–patient relationship and clinical communication, integrating contributions from internal medicine, general surgery, and clinical psychology.

MMS CLINICA (II)
The Integrated Course develops clinical method skills aimed at the integrated interpretation of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Students acquire the ability to collect medical history, compile clinical records, and perform physical examination, integrating findings within a pathophysiological framework. Epidemiological and statistical tools are applied to analyze clinical data and manage diagnostic uncertainty within an evidence-based medicine framework. The course promotes the development of clinical reasoning, effective doctor–patient communication, and professional responsibility.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

• Know how to apply the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
• Know how to make a correct request for laboratory investigation from a substantial and formal point of view.
• Know how to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
• Be aware of the potential and limits of the information provided by laboratory tests.

Educational objectives

MMS CLINICA (I)
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of the clinical method through the acquisition of skills required for accurate medical history taking and physical examination. Students learn to identify, describe, and interpret signs and symptoms within the framework of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The course also presents the principles of major diagnostic techniques, with attention to their indications, strengths, and limitations. It further develops the foundations of the doctor–patient relationship and clinical communication, integrating contributions from internal medicine, general surgery, and clinical psychology.

MMS CLINICA (II)
The Integrated Course develops clinical method skills aimed at the integrated interpretation of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Students acquire the ability to collect medical history, compile clinical records, and perform physical examination, integrating findings within a pathophysiological framework. Epidemiological and statistical tools are applied to analyze clinical data and manage diagnostic uncertainty within an evidence-based medicine framework. The course promotes the development of clinical reasoning, effective doctor–patient communication, and professional responsibility.

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention. • Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. • Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Introduction to the semeiotics and methodology of the surgical patient. Recognizing symptoms and objective signs in the patient affected by pathology of surgical Interest; to direct the research of laboratory, radiological and instrumental examinations for the purpose of diagnosis

Educational objectives

• Be able to identify the patient's anamnestic, antropometric, instrumental and laboratory data and methodologies to detect them; to be good at to understand these data from a pathophysiological point of view and use them for diagnosis and prognosis. Collect and evaluate epidemiological and statistical data for health promotion and disease prevention. • Be able to collect the patient's medical history and to compile the medical record as well as to perform clinical examination and know the basic diagnostic-therapeutic techniques. Learn the use of epidemiological data in order to formulate a correct diagnosis and prognosis. Use the statistical, probabilistic and informatic elements with a view to managing the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. • Be aware that the data collection must be used not only in order to formulate a correct diagnosis but also to establish an adequate relationship between patient and medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Clinical interview: methodology and practical approach.

Educational objectives

1. Familiarise yourself with the statistical and methodological skills required to understand and critically discuss a medical research article in English.
2. Understand oral presentations of research in English.
3. Know how to formulate questions and participate in discussions.

Educational objectives

Role of epidemiology and statistics in the formulation of a correct diagnostic hypothesis and prognosis. Role of probability and statistics to manage the uncertainty linked to the random nature of the medical process. To know how to read and to Interpret the data of the scientific publications.

Educational objectives

Execution of a correct anamnestic collection and of the objective examination, with particular reference to the functional and instrumental semeiotics.

Educational objectives

MMS CLINICA (I)
The Integrated Course introduces students to the fundamentals of the clinical method through the acquisition of skills required for accurate medical history taking and physical examination. Students learn to identify, describe, and interpret signs and symptoms within the framework of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The course also presents the principles of major diagnostic techniques, with attention to their indications, strengths, and limitations. It further develops the foundations of the doctor–patient relationship and clinical communication, integrating contributions from internal medicine, general surgery, and clinical psychology.

MMS CLINICA (II)
The Integrated Course develops clinical method skills aimed at the integrated interpretation of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Students acquire the ability to collect medical history, compile clinical records, and perform physical examination, integrating findings within a pathophysiological framework. Epidemiological and statistical tools are applied to analyze clinical data and manage diagnostic uncertainty within an evidence-based medicine framework. The course promotes the development of clinical reasoning, effective doctor–patient communication, and professional responsibility.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of General Pathology and Pathophysiology aims to provide students with knowledge of the etiological factors and the molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alterations in the body’s homeostasis that lead to the onset of human diseases. The course also aims to examine the reactive and adaptive processes implemented by the organism to restore homeostatic balance, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying organ and system diseases.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

• Know the main diseases of the respiratory system, the mediastinal pleura and the cardiovascular system, with the indication for surgery and knowledge of the main invasive diagnostic tests and the most common surgical procedures.
• Must be aware of the semiological maneuvers performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Must have knowledge of the main corrective methods of the patient's lifestyle, for preventive purposes.

Educational objectives

Main Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

- Knowledge of the most important diseases of the kidney, the urinary tract and the male genital a disease.

- Knowledge of clinical and instrumental semiological manoeuvres and the therapeutic options.

- Knowledge of the patient affected by a pathology of the urinary and/or genital male tract.

Educational objectives

Main Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

- Knowledge of the most important diseases of the kidney, the urinary tract and the male genital a disease.

- Knowledge of clinical and instrumental semiological manoeuvres and the therapeutic options.

- Knowledge of the patient affected by a pathology of the urinary and/or genital male tract.

Educational objectives

Main Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

- Knowledge of the most important diseases of the kidney, the urinary tract and the male genital a disease.

- Knowledge of clinical and instrumental semiological manoeuvres and the therapeutic options.

- Knowledge of the patient affected by a pathology of the urinary and/or genital male tract.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The Anatomic Pathology course is annual and is organized in two
consecutive semesters (first semester: Anatomic Pathology IS; second semester;
Anatomic Pathology IIS). At the end of the course, the student must have acquired
knowledge of the pathologic basis of human diseases and understanding of the etio-
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development and clinical expression of
specific tissue and organ lesions. By appling the knowledge acquired during the course,
the student will be able to establish the role of Anatomic Pathology in the appropriate
classification of diseases; to understand when histological analysis is required and how
to interpret the result; to understand the clinical implications of the anatomopathological
diagnosis; to correlate pathological and clinical features in order to formulate a
prognosis and to elaborate a specific therapeutic strategy.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed to introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and endocrine diseases based on clinical and technological issues
At the end of the course the students will be able in the field of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine and metabolic diseases
• To recognize the presence of disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and to determine the phase, severity, and progression of the disease
• to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies
• to develop a professional behavior in agreement with the principles of efficacy and effectiveness of the diagnostic methods and treatments.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed to introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and endocrine diseases based on clinical and technological issues
At the end of the course the students will be able in the field of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine and metabolic diseases
• To recognize the presence of disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and to determine the phase, severity, and progression of the disease
• to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies
• to develop a professional behavior in agreement with the principles of efficacy and effectiveness of the diagnostic methods and treatments.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed to introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and endocrine diseases based on clinical and technological issues
At the end of the course the students will be able in the field of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine and metabolic diseases
• To recognize the presence of disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and to determine the phase, severity, and progression of the disease
• to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies
• to develop a professional behavior in agreement with the principles of efficacy and effectiveness of the diagnostic methods and treatments.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed to introduce students to the proper clinical approach to the patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and endocrine diseases based on clinical and technological issues
At the end of the course the students will be able in the field of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine and metabolic diseases
• To recognize the presence of disease, to know the main pathogenetic mechanisms, to correctly identify the causes and to determine the phase, severity, and progression of the disease
• to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies
• to develop a professional behavior in agreement with the principles of efficacy and effectiveness of the diagnostic methods and treatments.

Educational objectives

• Basic knowledge, for use by the General Practitioner, of the physical characteristics of the different modalities used in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the equipment and their use, for useful information for the patient. • The main indications of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology investigations as well as Oncological Radiotherapy procedures.
• The main elements of semiotics and radiological and nuclear medicine diagnostics and the use of radiotherapy modalities. • The criteria of radiation protection in the use of investigations and the risks associated with the use of contrast media. Study of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Understanding of diagnostic imaging techniques. Role of the different techniques in diagnostic imaging of the different systems and organs. Indications and appropriateness of the different tests. Radiation protection and safety. Interventional Radiology. Oncological Radiotherapy. Molecular imaging and nuclear medicine. Artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging.

Educational objectives

• Basic knowledge, for use by the General Practitioner, of the physical characteristics of the different modalities used in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the equipment and their use, for useful information for the patient. • The main indications of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology investigations as well as Oncological Radiotherapy procedures.
• The main elements of semiotics and radiological and nuclear medicine diagnostics and the use of radiotherapy modalities. • The criteria of radiation protection in the use of investigations and the risks associated with the use of contrast media. Study of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Understanding of diagnostic imaging techniques. Role of the different techniques in diagnostic imaging of the different systems and organs. Indications and appropriateness of the different tests. Radiation protection and safety. Interventional Radiology. Oncological Radiotherapy. Molecular imaging and nuclear medicine. Artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging.

Educational objectives

• Basic knowledge, for use by the General Practitioner, of the physical characteristics of the different modalities used in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the equipment and their use, for useful information for the patient. • The main indications of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology investigations as well as Oncological Radiotherapy procedures.
• The main elements of semiotics and radiological and nuclear medicine diagnostics and the use of radiotherapy modalities. • The criteria of radiation protection in the use of investigations and the risks associated with the use of contrast media. Study of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Understanding of diagnostic imaging techniques. Role of the different techniques in diagnostic imaging of the different systems and organs. Indications and appropriateness of the different tests. Radiation protection and safety. Interventional Radiology. Oncological Radiotherapy. Molecular imaging and nuclear medicine. Artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging.

Educational objectives

I
Learn and understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity mechanisms.
On the basis of the knowledge acquired on pharmacokinetics and on pharmacodynamics the students are expected to make an evaluation of the proper drug treatment and a rational choice of route and timing of administration.
Be aware of the factors influencing the pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and interactions between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

II
To know the pharmacodynamic effects of the various classes of drugs in relation to the mechanism of action, to the fate in the organism and to the adverse effects.
Knowing how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations.
Be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and / or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of drug therapy.

To be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and/or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit relationship of the drug therapy.

Educational objectives

Pharmacokinetic implications to the principles of therapy. Pharmacodynamic-dependent variability to the response to the action of drugs. Genetic variability in the action of drugs. Moreover, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk/benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. He will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

I
Learn and understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity mechanisms.
On the basis of the knowledge acquired on pharmacokinetics and on pharmacodynamics the students are expected to make an evaluation of the proper drug treatment and a rational choice of route and timing of administration.
Be aware of the factors influencing the pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and interactions between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

II
To know the pharmacodynamic effects of the various classes of drugs in relation to the mechanism of action, to the fate in the organism and to the adverse effects.
Knowing how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations.
Be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and / or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of drug therapy.

To be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and/or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit relationship of the drug therapy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

MMS INTEGRATA (I)
The Integrated Course, through interdisciplinary clinical case-based seminars, guides students in developing clinical reasoning skills by critically analyzing signs and symptoms and correlating them with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Particular attention is given to the management of complex, multi-morbid medical and surgical cases. The course promotes the acquisition of differential diagnostic skills and the appropriate use of diagnostic tests, integrating principles of medical statistics for the interpretation of clinical data.

MMS INTEGRATA (II)
The Integrated Course develops the ability to integrate clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data within clinical reasoning applied to major endocrine-metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Students gain awareness of the epidemiological and socio-economic relevance of these conditions and their clinical management, correlating symptoms, signs, and functional alterations with underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The course addresses diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and the multidisciplinary management of patients, including nutritional aspects. It also promotes the application of evidence-based medicine principles and the development of clinical decision-making autonomy.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

I
Learn and understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity mechanisms.
On the basis of the knowledge acquired on pharmacokinetics and on pharmacodynamics the students are expected to make an evaluation of the proper drug treatment and a rational choice of route and timing of administration.
Be aware of the factors influencing the pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and interactions between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

II
To know the pharmacodynamic effects of the various classes of drugs in relation to the mechanism of action, to the fate in the organism and to the adverse effects.
Knowing how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations.
Be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and / or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of drug therapy.

To be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and/or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit relationship of the drug therapy.

Educational objectives

Pharmacokinetic implications to the principles of therapy. Pharmacodynamic-dependent variability to the response to the action of drugs. Genetic variability in the action of drugs. Moreover, the student has to be able to process and communicate the risk/benefit ratio of the various classes of drugs and of the most important active principles within the single class of drugs. He will also have to acquire a theoretical ability to prescribe drugs according to the evidence-based medicine.

Educational objectives

I
Learn and understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity mechanisms.
On the basis of the knowledge acquired on pharmacokinetics and on pharmacodynamics the students are expected to make an evaluation of the proper drug treatment and a rational choice of route and timing of administration.
Be aware of the factors influencing the pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and interactions between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

II
To know the pharmacodynamic effects of the various classes of drugs in relation to the mechanism of action, to the fate in the organism and to the adverse effects.
Knowing how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations.
Be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and / or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of drug therapy.

To be aware of the possible influence of individual factors and concomitant pathologies on the pharmacological and/or therapeutic effect sought, as well as the risk-benefit relationship of the drug therapy.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Have acquired essential knowledge about the approach towards the rheumatologically sick patient, with particular reference to rheumatic pathologies and degenerative and phlogistic impression (systemic and non)

Have acquired essential knowledge about the diagnostic organization and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of the immune system with particular reference to immunodeficiencies, auto-immune diseases and to vasculitis and allergopathologies.

Have acquired essential knowledge of the approach towards the hematological patient with particular reference to
anemias, onco-hematological pathologies and disorders of the hemostasis.

Diagnosis and therapy of the major immunological diseases, with special reference to immunodeficiencies (excluding HIV disease), autoimmune diseases, vasculitides and allergic diseases.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major hematologic diseases, with special reference to anemias, onco-hematologic diseases and disorders of hemostasis.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major rheumatologic diseases, with special reference to inflammatory disorders (systemic and non-systemic).

Educational objectives

Diagnosis and therapy of the major onco-hematologic diseases.

Diagnosis and therapy of erythropoiesis disorders, anemias and coagulation disorders.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Have acquired essential knowledge about the approach towards the rheumatologically sick patient, with particular reference to rheumatic pathologies and degenerative and phlogistic impression (systemic and non)

Have acquired essential knowledge about the diagnostic organization and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of the immune system with particular reference to immunodeficiencies, auto-immune diseases and to vasculitis and allergopathologies.

Have acquired essential knowledge of the approach towards the hematological patient with particular reference to
anemias, onco-hematological pathologies and disorders of the hemostasis.

Diagnosis and therapy of the major immunological diseases, with special reference to immunodeficiencies (excluding HIV disease), autoimmune diseases, vasculitides and allergic diseases.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major hematologic diseases, with special reference to anemias, onco-hematologic diseases and disorders of hemostasis.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major rheumatologic diseases, with special reference to inflammatory disorders (systemic and non-systemic).

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Have acquired essential knowledge about the approach towards the rheumatologically sick patient, with particular reference to rheumatic pathologies and degenerative and phlogistic impression (systemic and non)

Have acquired essential knowledge about the diagnostic organization and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of the immune system with particular reference to immunodeficiencies, auto-immune diseases and to vasculitis and allergopathologies.

Have acquired essential knowledge of the approach towards the hematological patient with particular reference to
anemias, onco-hematological pathologies and disorders of the hemostasis.

Diagnosis and therapy of the major immunological diseases, with special reference to immunodeficiencies (excluding HIV disease), autoimmune diseases, vasculitides and allergic diseases.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major hematologic diseases, with special reference to anemias, onco-hematologic diseases and disorders of hemostasis.
Diagnosis and therapy of the major rheumatologic diseases, with special reference to inflammatory disorders (systemic and non-systemic).

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General teaching objectives
The general objective of the Course is to provide the cognitive instruments and the methodology for a correct approach towards infective pathology and human reproduction. In particular: a pathogenetic approach with specific reference to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already known by the student; a clinical approach that facilitates the connection with other subjects of the Course is required and enables the student to acquire behavioural methodology in the clinical environment; a logical, reasoned therapeutic approach towards confirmed or presumed etiology; an individual and collective approach towards preventative medicine.

The course is divided into lessons in class and interactive lessons with the help of didactic instruments aimed towards permitting the student to carry out both a clinical and a laboratory diagnostic course of human reproduction and of the most common infective forms of disease and to formulate antibiotic therapy, general medical treatment as well as using prophylaxis and providing the necessary Public Health requirements.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives By the end of the course the student must:
Know clinical and instrumental diagnostics of diseases of the nervous system
Know how to carry out the therapeutic action suitable for diseases of the nervous system
Be aware of the medico-legal aims and implications of the actions performed.

Teaching the clinical features and the proper diagnostics techniques (either clinical or instrumental) of the central and peripheral nervous system diseases. To teach the appropriate therapies in these conditions. Be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications of these acts.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes: Teaching the methodological basis of radiological techniques applied to the study of the nervous system. Teaching clinical indications for these diagnostic techniques. Be aware of the medical-legal implications of using these techniques.

Educational objectives

Teaching the clinical features of cranial and vertebral traumas and tumours. the clinical and instrumental diagnostics used in these diseases. Teaching how to do the appropriate neurosurgery and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications of these interventions in these conditions

Educational objectives

Teaching the anatomical-functional organization of the central and peripheral nervous system. To teach the clinical characteristics of the following pathological conditions: alterations of the state of consciousness (coma); epilepsy; degenerative diseases of the nervous system; inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases of the nervous system; neuromuscular disorders. Teaching the proper diagnostic techniques (clinical and instrumental) used in these diseases. Know how to manage the appropriate therapies and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications in patients affected by these diseases.

Teaching the clinical features of headaches and infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Teaching the clinical and instrumental diagnostic techniques used in these diseases. Teaching how to manage the appropriate therapies and be aware of the medical-legal implications in patients affected by these diseases.

Teaching the clinical features of cerebrovascular diseases. Teaching the clinical and instrumental diagnostics used in these diseases. Teaching how to do the appropriate therapeutic acts and be aware of the purpose and medical-legal implications of the acts performed in patients affected by these diseases.

Educational objectives

The Internal Medicine and General Surgery I course provides students with the following general learning objectives:
- updating on the evolution of basic research in oncological sciences and clinical application of its results;
- enhancement of the importance of proper communication between the physician, the oncological patient and the family: from diagnosis to therapeutic choices;
- presentation of interactive and simulated clinical cases: construction of the pathway leading to the diagnosis of the tumour, to the choice of the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic tools (from biotechnology/molecular biology to palliative care) in a multidisciplinary management taking into account healthcare costs and available resources.

Educational objectives

Internal Medicine:
- Approach to the neoplastic patient;
- Identifying oncological emergencies and acute complications of therapy;
- Recognising paraneoplastic syndromes;
- Recognising and treating infections in the neoplastic patient;
- Knowing and preventing late complications in the neoplastic patient;

Educational objectives

The course addresses technological and organizational aspects of telemedicine, promoting competencies in digital platforms, remote monitoring, and data security - skills that are fundamental to practicing medicine in modern digital healthcare systems.

Educational objectives

Radiotherapy oncology:
- Changes in the use of current technologies, their role and function;
- Integration of radiotherapy therapy with medical and surgical treatment;
- Role of radiotherapy as first-line therapy in the approach to the cancer patient;
- Side effects of radiotherapy;
Molecular biology:
- Staging/molecular profiles of primary tumour and metastatic tissue and their impact in innovative therapies;
Pathological anatomy:
- Morphological staging;

Educational objectives

The Internal Medicine and General Surgery I course provides students with the following general learning objectives:
- updating on the evolution of basic research in oncological sciences and clinical application of its results;
- enhancement of the importance of proper communication between the physician, the oncological patient and the family: from diagnosis to therapeutic choices;
- presentation of interactive and simulated clinical cases: construction of the pathway leading to the diagnosis of the tumour, to the choice of the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic tools (from biotechnology/molecular biology to palliative care) in a multidisciplinary management taking into account healthcare costs and available resources.

Educational objectives

The Internal Medicine and General Surgery I course provides students with the following general learning objectives:
- updating on the evolution of basic research in oncological sciences and clinical application of its results;
- enhancement of the importance of proper communication between the physician, the oncological patient and the family: from diagnosis to therapeutic choices;
- presentation of interactive and simulated clinical cases: construction of the pathway leading to the diagnosis of the tumour, to the choice of the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic tools (from biotechnology/molecular biology to palliative care) in a multidisciplinary management taking into account healthcare costs and available resources.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the methods of clinical interview in psychiatry and clinical psychology and of the use and function of mental tests. Basic psychopathology. The concept of normality in mental health. Classification in psychiatry and in clinical psychology. The DSM-5. Clinical description, course and epidemiology of anxiety disorders, mood and bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, trauma and dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, obsessive -compulsive disorder. Disorders associated to substance abuse. Personality disorders. Psychorganic syndromes. Intellectual disability. Clinical psychopharmacology. Phisical tretaments. Psychotherapies. The organization of the Mental Health Departments. Compulsory Treatment. Neuroscience in psychiatry and psychology and biological basis of mental disorders.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the methods of clinical interview in psychiatry and clinical psychology and of the use and function of mental tests. Basic psychopathology. The concept of normality in mental health. Classification in psychiatry and in clinical psychology. The DSM-5. Clinical description, course and epidemiology of anxiety disorders, mood and bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, trauma and dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, obsessive -compulsive disorder. Disorders associated to substance abuse. Personality disorders. Psychorganic syndromes. Intellectual disability. Clinical psychopharmacology. Phisical tretaments. Psychotherapies. The organization of the Mental Health Departments. Compulsory Treatment. Neuroscience in psychiatry and psychology and biological basis of mental disorders.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the methods of clinical interview in psychiatry and clinical psychology and of the use and function of mental tests. Basic psychopathology. The concept of normality in mental health. Classification in psychiatry and in clinical psychology. The DSM-5. Clinical description, course and epidemiology of anxiety disorders, mood and bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, trauma and dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, obsessive -compulsive disorder. Disorders associated to substance abuse. Personality disorders. Psychorganic syndromes. Intellectual disability. Clinical psychopharmacology. Phisical tretaments. Psychotherapies. The organization of the Mental Health Departments. Compulsory Treatment. Neuroscience in psychiatry and psychology and biological basis of mental disorders.

Educational objectives

The Cutaneous Disease Clinic integrated course aims to provide students the cognitive and practical-demonstrative tools to frame cutaneous and venereal diseases most frequently encountered in medical practice; to recognize the cutaneous manifestations that more frequently can accompany internist pathologies; to distinguish the dermatological conditions that require a specialist diagnostic and / or therapeutic contribution from those that do not require it.
The Cutaneous Disease Clinic integrated course also proposes to provide students with the basic notions in terms of: skin scarring and theoretical principles of the techniques used in plastic surgery; traumatic, oncological and malformative pathologies that require reconstructive surgery; hints of cosmetic surgery.

Educational objectives

At the end of the period the student should know the basical notions in Plastic Surgery, and should be able to differentiate for example grafts from flaps, and their different indications. He should know the several fields of interest of our Discipline. Although he is not asked to know surgical details of the different techniques, he should know when to apply them.

Educational objectives

The Cutaneous Disease Clinic integrated course aims to provide students the cognitive and practical-demonstrative tools to frame cutaneous and venereal diseases most frequently encountered in medical practice; to recognize the cutaneous manifestations that more frequently can accompany internist pathologies; to distinguish the dermatological conditions that require a specialist diagnostic and / or therapeutic contribution from those that do not require it.
The Cutaneous Disease Clinic integrated course also proposes to provide students with the basic notions in terms of: skin scarring and theoretical principles of the techniques used in plastic surgery; traumatic, oncological and malformative pathologies that require reconstructive surgery; hints of cosmetic surgery.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives
By the end of the course the student must Know:
-how to make a correct diagnosis and to give instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases
- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and traumatological pathologies
-the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Recognize the main rheumatic, orthopaedic and traumatological diseases, also knowing the relative therapeutic, surgical and rehabilitative plans. Understand the principles of rehabilitation and make a decision on when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation centre.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives
By the end of the course the student must Know:
-how to make a correct diagnosis and to give instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases
- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and traumatological pathologies
-the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Recognize the main rheumatic, orthopaedic and traumatological diseases, also knowing the relative therapeutic, surgical and rehabilitative plans. Understand the principles of rehabilitation and make a decision on when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation centre.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives
By the end of the course the student must Know:
-how to make a correct diagnosis and to give instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases
- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and traumatological pathologies
-the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Recognize the main rheumatic, orthopaedic and traumatological diseases, also knowing the relative therapeutic, surgical and rehabilitative plans. Understand the principles of rehabilitation and make a decision on when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation centre.

Educational objectives

General Teaching Objectives
By the end of the course the student must Know:
-how to make a correct diagnosis and to give instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases
- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and traumatological pathologies
-the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Recognize the main rheumatic, orthopaedic and traumatological diseases, also knowing the relative therapeutic, surgical and rehabilitative plans. Understand the principles of rehabilitation and make a decision on when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation centre.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- To know the most frequent otorhinolaryngological, odontostomatological, maxillo-facial and visual apparatus diseases, with the main therapeutic directions.
- To know how to diagnose the most frequent eye, ENT, dental and maxillofacial diseases.
- To be aware of which pathologies he/she can deal with as a non-specialist and which ones require the intervention of a specialist physician.

Educational objectives

- Maxillofacial pathology
Maxillofacial traumatology, prevention, first aid and care. General principles of diagnosis and therapy of maxillofacial fractures. Diagnosis and therapy of maxillo-mandibular malformations and malocclusions.
Principles of surgical therapy of maxillary tumours. Dysfunctional TMJ pathology and myotensive neuralgic syndromes. Salivary gland pathology.

Educational objectives

- Pathology of the visual apparatus
Refractive defects. Pathology of the eyelids, tear ducts, conjunctiva, cornea, crystalline lens, uvea, orbit, retina, glaucoma. Paediatric ophthalmology. Retinal detachment. Endo-ocular tumours.

Educational objectives

To know the inflammatory and infectious diseases of the jaw bones. To know the aetiopathogenesis, risk factors and prophylaxis of periodontal diseases.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- To know the most frequent otorhinolaryngological, odontostomatological, maxillo-facial and visual apparatus diseases, with the main therapeutic directions.
- To know how to diagnose the most frequent eye, ENT, dental and maxillofacial diseases.
- To be aware of which pathologies he/she can deal with as a non-specialist and which ones require the intervention of a specialist physician.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- To know the most frequent otorhinolaryngological, odontostomatological, maxillo-facial and visual apparatus diseases, with the main therapeutic directions.
- To know how to diagnose the most frequent eye, ENT, dental and maxillofacial diseases.
- To be aware of which pathologies he/she can deal with as a non-specialist and which ones require the intervention of a specialist physician.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- To know the most frequent otorhinolaryngological, odontostomatological, maxillo-facial and visual apparatus diseases, with the main therapeutic directions.
- To know how to diagnose the most frequent eye, ENT, dental and maxillofacial diseases.
- To be aware of which pathologies he/she can deal with as a non-specialist and which ones require the intervention of a specialist physician.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, student should:
- To know the most frequent otorhinolaryngological, odontostomatological, maxillo-facial and visual apparatus diseases, with the main therapeutic directions.
- To know how to diagnose the most frequent eye, ENT, dental and maxillofacial diseases.
- To be aware of which pathologies he/she can deal with as a non-specialist and which ones require the intervention of a specialist physician.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

It is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills related to medical know-how, which consists of applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, demonstrating an aptitude for solving clinical problems pertaining to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialities̀, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health; applying the principles of effective communication.
At the end of the practical-assessment training the student
Implements good practice in the doctor-patient relationship (interview, report, information, clarity, obtaining consent);
Has the ability to take an anamnesis and perform an objective examination in an outpatient setting;
Is familiar with and knows how to apply clinical reasoning: the ability to identify priority or urgent and secondary problems and the ability to propose diagnostic hypotheses and to identify diagnostic tests with greater sensitivity and specificity to confirm or not to confirm hypotheses;
Is able to interpret laboratory tests;
Is able to interpret the reports of diagnostic imaging examinations Is oriented towards decision-making processes regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment;
Is able to compile the admission/dismissal report and able to compile the discharge letter;
Is able to assess the appropriateness of the indication for hospitalisation and indicate rehabilitation or protected hospitalisation paths in other facilities;
He/she shows him/herself capable of framing the reason for hospitalisation within the complex of possible chronicities, other criticalities and frailties of the patients;
Is able to indicate prevention and health education actions Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the organisation of the National Health Service and the Regional Health Service;
Respects shift start and end times, dresses appropriately for the role, carries all necessary equipment;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of ward (or clinic) rules Interacts correctly with medical, nursing and technical staff on the ward;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the different roles and tasks of team members;
Demonstrates an active attitude (asks questions, proposes to carry out activities).

Educational objectives

It is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills related to medical know-how, which consists of applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, demonstrating an aptitude for solving clinical problems pertaining to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialities̀, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health; applying the principles of effective communication.
At the end of the practical-assessment training the student
Implements good practice in the doctor-patient relationship (interview, report, information, clarity, obtaining consent);
Has the ability to take an anamnesis and perform an objective examination in an outpatient setting;
Is familiar with and knows how to apply clinical reasoning: the ability to identify priority or urgent and secondary problems and the ability to propose diagnostic hypotheses and to identify diagnostic tests with greater sensitivity and specificity to confirm or not to confirm hypotheses;
Is able to interpret laboratory tests;
Is able to interpret the reports of diagnostic imaging examinations Is oriented towards decision-making processes regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment;
Is able to compile the admission/dismissal report and able to compile the discharge letter;
Is able to assess the appropriateness of the indication for hospitalisation and indicate rehabilitation or protected hospitalisation paths in other facilities;
He/she shows him/herself capable of framing the reason for hospitalisation within the complex of possible chronicities, other criticalities and frailties of the patients;
Is able to indicate prevention and health education actions Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the organisation of the National Health Service and the Regional Health Service;
Respects shift start and end times, dresses appropriately for the role, carries all necessary equipment;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of ward (or clinic) rules Interacts correctly with medical, nursing and technical staff on the ward;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the different roles and tasks of team members;
Demonstrates an active attitude (asks questions, proposes to carry out activities).

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Know the most frequent forms of gynaeological pathologies, the indication of fundamental preventative and therapeutic measures: problematic physiopathologies, both psychological and clinical regarding fertility, procreation, pregnancy, prenatal morbility, labour, development and the state of health of the foetus and the newborn infant.

Must be able to make a diagnosis of the main obstetric and gynaecological diseases.

Be aware of the conditions that require consultation by an obstetric specialist.

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Know the most frequent forms of gynaeological pathologies, the indication of fundamental preventative and therapeutic measures: problematic physiopathologies, both psychological and clinical regarding fertility, procreation, pregnancy, prenatal morbility, labour, development and the state of health of the foetus and the newborn infant.

Must be able to make a diagnosis of the main obstetric and gynaecological diseases.

Be aware of the conditions that require consultation by an obstetric specialist.

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the student must:

Know the most frequent forms of gynaeological pathologies, the indication of fundamental preventative and therapeutic measures: problematic physiopathologies, both psychological and clinical regarding fertility, procreation, pregnancy, prenatal morbility, labour, development and the state of health of the foetus and the newborn infant.

Must be able to make a diagnosis of the main obstetric and gynaecological diseases.

Be aware of the conditions that require consultation by an obstetric specialist.

Educational objectives

Main teaching objectives By the end of the course the sudent must:

Know the most common pathologies in infancy, the most serious pathologies and those that require urgent action.
Know how to apply a correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these pathologies.
Be aware of the fact that correct psycho-physical development in a child is the basis of well-being in an adult.

Educational objectives

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pneumological, allergological, immunological and nephrological diseases.

The aim of the lessons in Neonatology is to provide a basic understanding of the most common clinical problems that may be present at birth and in the early stages of life.

The students must be aware of the most frequent childhood solid tumors and being able to carry out a preliminary diagnostic approach.

Students must know how to distinguish between physiologic GER and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. Explore pathophysiology, symptoms, management and treatment options of Pediatric GERD.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric heart disease.

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient proving to be able to know how to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in the pediatric endocrinological disease.

Know and distinguish the main signs of pathology of the newborn.

Educational objectives

The students will have to have a correct clinical approach to the pediatric patient demonstrating to be able to perform the most appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways in neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (IX)
To know: the fundamental principles of etiological and evaluative epidemiology, of health promotion and prevention of Infectious and chronic- degenerative diseases applied to the realities of the envinroment, of places and aggregation of life and of work, of school , of health, of foods (safety and security); the effective modalities of health education applied to preventive and curative medical activity; the relations on health promotion and disease prevention with the organizational structure of modern healthcare
Knowing Being: to able to adopt professional behaviors consistent with the principles of health promotion and disease prevention in the individuals and in life and work communities.
To Know How To: Have acquired and know how to use the skills in terms of individual and collective risk towards the environments of life and work and lifestyles for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention.

MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH (X)
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the organization of the Italian Health System and the levels of planning of public health; essential basic levels of assistance; the methods used to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare interventions; the financing mechanisms both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management and quality control in the healthcare organizations; main issues in Global Health;
• be able to read critically and use epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as the economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use the basics of management of quality control in the health field;
• develop an attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and the objectives of the national, regional and local planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

The Integrated Course provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of the relationship between medicine and law, with particular reference to civil and criminal law, the social security system, and professional medical liability. It addresses the ethical and legal principles governing the doctor–patient relationship, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the appropriate management of medical treatments. The course promotes the ability to apply medico-legal principles in clinical practice, fostering awareness of the legal implications of medical decision-making and the physician’s role within the healthcare and societal context.

Educational objectives

General Teaching objectives

Approach, management and treatment of the emergency patient.

Knowledge of critical pathologies and their treatment as well as problems relating to the Emergency Health Service.

To be able to carry out fundamental therapy in an emergency and know how to prepare the patient for surgery.

Be aware of the treatment objective and the medico-legal implications.

Educational objectives

The student acquires knowledge related to the main emergencies in the field of Emergency Medicine, thus develops skills and competences.

Educational objectives

Approach, management and treatment of the emergency patient. To be able to carry out fundamental therapy in an emergency and know how to prepare the patient for surgery.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the principles of management of the main neurological emergencies.

Educational objectives

To be familiar with the indications for diagnostic imaging and limitations in emergencies

Educational objectives

To provide diagnostic steps and treatments strategies to correctly manage the emergency conditions which typically occur in critically ill patients.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the principles of management of the main vascular emergencies

Educational objectives

To be able to carry out fundamental therapy in an emergency and know how to prepare the patient for surgery.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course the student must:
• Know the main clinical problems of internal medicine, surgery and oncology, from a preventive, diagnostic and prognostic point of view. Know how to set up diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with an awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
• Know the diagnostic process and the principles of treatment of diseases of surgical interest particularly frequent in elderly patients.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with the basics of a correct methodology of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the main pathologies of common medical and surgical interest.
At the end of the course the student must be able to make therapeutic decisions in pathologies of great statistical relevance.
He must also acquire general notions on respiratory and cardiovascular prevention, on preparation for surgery, on post-operative complications with particular attention to infections and antibiotic treatment.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

It is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills related to medical know-how, which consists of applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, demonstrating an aptitude for solving clinical problems pertaining to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialities̀, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health; applying the principles of effective communication.
At the end of the practical-assessment training the student
Implements good practice in the doctor-patient relationship (interview, report, information, clarity, obtaining consent);
Has the ability to take an anamnesis and perform an objective examination in an outpatient setting;
Is familiar with and knows how to apply clinical reasoning: the ability to identify priority or urgent and secondary problems and the ability to propose diagnostic hypotheses and to identify diagnostic tests with greater sensitivity and specificity to confirm or not to confirm hypotheses;
Is able to interpret laboratory tests;
Is able to interpret the reports of diagnostic imaging examinations Is oriented towards decision-making processes regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment;
Is able to compile the admission/dismissal report and able to compile the discharge letter;
Is able to assess the appropriateness of the indication for hospitalisation and indicate rehabilitation or protected hospitalisation paths in other facilities;
He/she shows him/herself capable of framing the reason for hospitalisation within the complex of possible chronicities, other criticalities and frailties of the patients;
Is able to indicate prevention and health education actions Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the organisation of the National Health Service and the Regional Health Service;
Respects shift start and end times, dresses appropriately for the role, carries all necessary equipment;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of ward (or clinic) rules Interacts correctly with medical, nursing and technical staff on the ward;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the different roles and tasks of team members;
Demonstrates an active attitude (asks questions, proposes to carry out activities).

Educational objectives

It is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills related to medical know-how, which consists of applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, demonstrating an aptitude for solving clinical problems pertaining to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialities̀, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health; applying the principles of effective communication.
At the end of the practical-assessment training the student
Implements good practice in the doctor-patient relationship (interview, report, information, clarity, obtaining consent);
Has the ability to take an anamnesis and perform an objective examination in an outpatient setting;
Is familiar with and knows how to apply clinical reasoning: the ability to identify priority or urgent and secondary problems and the ability to propose diagnostic hypotheses and to identify diagnostic tests with greater sensitivity and specificity to confirm or not to confirm hypotheses;
Is able to interpret laboratory tests;
Is able to interpret the reports of diagnostic imaging examinations Is oriented towards decision-making processes regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment;
Is able to compile the admission/dismissal report and able to compile the discharge letter;
Is able to assess the appropriateness of the indication for hospitalisation and indicate rehabilitation or protected hospitalisation paths in other facilities;
He/she shows him/herself capable of framing the reason for hospitalisation within the complex of possible chronicities, other criticalities and frailties of the patients;
Is able to indicate prevention and health education actions Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the organisation of the National Health Service and the Regional Health Service;
Respects shift start and end times, dresses appropriately for the role, carries all necessary equipment;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of ward (or clinic) rules Interacts correctly with medical, nursing and technical staff on the ward;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the different roles and tasks of team members;
Demonstrates an active attitude (asks questions, proposes to carry out activities).

Educational objectives

It is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills related to medical know-how, which consists of applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, demonstrating an aptitude for solving clinical problems pertaining to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialities̀, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health; applying the principles of effective communication.
At the end of the practical-assessment training the student
Implements good practice in the doctor-patient relationship (interview, report, information, clarity, obtaining consent);
Has the ability to take an anamnesis and perform an objective examination in an outpatient setting;
Is familiar with and knows how to apply clinical reasoning: the ability to identify priority or urgent and secondary problems and the ability to propose diagnostic hypotheses and to identify diagnostic tests with greater sensitivity and specificity to confirm or not to confirm hypotheses;
Is able to interpret laboratory tests;
Is able to interpret the reports of diagnostic imaging examinations Is oriented towards decision-making processes regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment;
Is able to compile the admission/dismissal report and able to compile the discharge letter;
Is able to assess the appropriateness of the indication for hospitalisation and indicate rehabilitation or protected hospitalisation paths in other facilities;
He/she shows him/herself capable of framing the reason for hospitalisation within the complex of possible chronicities, other criticalities and frailties of the patients;
Is able to indicate prevention and health education actions Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the organisation of the National Health Service and the Regional Health Service;
Respects shift start and end times, dresses appropriately for the role, carries all necessary equipment;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of ward (or clinic) rules Interacts correctly with medical, nursing and technical staff on the ward;
Demonstrates knowledge and awareness of the different roles and tasks of team members;
Demonstrates an active attitude (asks questions, proposes to carry out activities).

Educational objectives

General learning objectives At the end of the course, the student should:

- Know the main legislative regulations governing the health organisation and the fundamentals of bioethical reflection in the context of currently debated issues.

- Know how to carry out the main medico-legal procedures.

- Be aware of deontological and legal obligations in medical practice and within the national system of
social security system. To be able to analyse a clinical case and to assess the professional behaviour to be adopted in critical situations according to legal and deontological principles.

- Knowing how to be a doctor who, with respect for the dignity of the person, acts to protect the health and good of the
patient and the community, using the available resources according to the law in the interest of the patient and his decision-making autonomy.