Medicine and Surgery

At the end of the course the student must: - be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data; - knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability. - be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice. - know the language and way of thinking of economists. - know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care. - know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level - be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history; - be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine; - possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies; - have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease; - be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine; - be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease; - know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics; - know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine; - know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field; - knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation; - know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.