Medicine and Surgery

Contents: Bacterial cell structure: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, cell wall structure and biosynthesis, teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and role in the endotoxic shock; surface appendages and structures: flagella, pili, capsule, S-layer. Microbial metabolism and growth. Media used in Clinical Microbiology. Bacterial spores: structure and function. Bacterial genetics. Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and basic principles of innate and adaptive immune responses. Bacterial toxins. Antimicrobial chemotherapy: mode of action of antibiotics and mechanisms of antibiotic-resistance. Common and emerging pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococci, S. aureus, S. epidermidis; Streptococci: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae. Spore forming Bacilli: B. anthracis, B. cereus; Clostridium: C. tetani, C. botulinum and C. perfringens; Clostridioides difficile. Gram-negative bacteria: Enterobacteria, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella. Acid-alcohol resistant bacteria: Mycobacteria, M. tuberculosis. Bacterial meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis, Heamophilus influenzae. Sexually transmitted pathogens: N. gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis. Vaccine preventable infections: Bordetella pertussis, Corynebacterium diphteriae. Elective activities: Nosocomial pathogens.

Requirements: No strict prerequisites. A basic understanding of molecular and cellular biology would be very helpful.

Suggested textbooks: Medical Microbiology - Jawetz Melnick&Adelbergs/ Mac Graw Hill– 2019 Medical Microbiology - Murray, Rosenthal, Pfaller /Elsevier Saunders– 2020

mandatory

oral exam

GENERAL VIROLOGY General properties and structure of viruses Replication of viruses Effects of the virus on the host cell Viral oncogenesis Pathogenesis of viral infections Antiviral drugs Principles of virological diagnosis MEDICAL VIROLOGY Structure, morphological features, pathogenesis, control, epidemiology, and diagnosis of all viruses and viral infections important in human pathology with special reference to: RNA viruses: Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomixoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Retroviridae, Reoviridae, Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Bunyaviridae (hint), Hepeviridae, Philoviridae DNA viruses: Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Parvoviridae, Poxviridae Viral zoonoses Diseases transmitted by arthropods

Prerequisites: There are no specific essential prerequisites. However, a good basic knowledge of molecular and cellular biology is very helpful.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS Principles of Medical Microbiology (III EDITION; G. Antonelli, M. Clementi, G.Pozzi, G.M. Rossolini) Medical Microbiology (Murray, Rosenthal, Pfaller) Medical Microbiology (Jawets, Melnick & Adelberg's) SPECIALIZED TEXTS Virology vol. 1-2 (B.N. Fields et al. - Lippincott- Raven Publishers) Viral Pathogenesis (N. Nathanson et al. - Lippincott - Raven)

The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with power point presentation and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aure/Orari system, published on the website of CdS.

MANDATORY

To pass the exam you must obtain a not less than 18/30 in each module. The student must demonstrate that to have acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics of virology, a basic knowledge of the topics covered in class and be able to recognize the principles underlying the etiology, the pathophysiological mechanisms, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of the main human infectious diseases. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate to have acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, and to link them in a logical and consistent way. The virology exam is oral

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The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with power point presentation and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aure/Orari system, published on the website of CdS.