Medicine and Surgery

Introduction to General Pathology. Definitions. General etiology: Main health concepts, pathological process and disease. Etiology and pathogenesis. Evolution, course and outcomes of the disease. Environmental Pathology: physical and chemical agents. Environmental Pathology: pathogenetic mechanisms of viral and bacterial infections. Principles of molecular pathology (DNA, RNA, sugars, lipids, proteins). Molecular pathology of receptors. Genetic Pathology: Pathology of chromosome structural anomalies. Imprinting and mitochondrial diseases. Molecular basis of mutations. Hereditary monogenic diseases. Hereditary multifactorial and polygenic diseases. Pathology of cellular structure: cellular adaptations (Hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia). Regressive processes (Steatosis and Amyloidosis), Biochemical injury and cell damage. Disorders of the extracellular matrix: collagen pathology and fibrosis. Necrosis and apoptosis. Molecular basis of senescence. Inflammation: general concepts and mechanisms. Introduction to acute and chronic inflammation (Angiophlogosis and Hystophlogosis). Receptors of innate immunity and inflammation. Inflammation as a transcriptional program. Inflammatory cells. Chemical mediators of inflammation. Acute inflammation: vascular phenomena, mechanisms of exudate formation, types of exudative inflammation. Chronic inflammation: mechanism of granuloma formation. Foreign body granulomas. Main immunological granulomas. Pathophysiology of Thermoregulation: hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever. Role of the intracellular calcium. Pathophysiology of metabolism (glucose, lipids, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines).

Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia generale VI Edizione G.M. Pontieri Piccin Editore Educational material provided during the course (including scientific papers available on PubMed platform) and uploaded as PDF files on the E-learning platform.