Medicine and Surgery

Educational objectives

• Acquire the basic knowledge of Physics consistent with the scientific and technological developments of Medicine in its modern evolution.
• Learn the fundamental principles of Physics useful for the understanding of the biomedical phenomena and the working principles of the new diagnostic methodologies as well as being able to better acquire interdisciplinary knowledge involving the laws and the principles of Physics.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of basic chemistry and of
biochemical structures: glucides, proteins, lipids. At the end of the course,
the students should: i) know the chemical bases of pathophysiological
processes, ii) address in molecular terms some simple biomedical aspects, iii)
be aware of the importance of the chemical instruments in the cultural
formation of a medical doctor.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1) Understand the fundamental mechanisms of the organization and functioning of the cell, with particular emphasis on the eukaryotic cell.
2) Understand the mechanisms of cell integration and communication within complex multicellular organisms.
3) Understand the fundamental principles of the organization and transmission of genetic information at the level of the cell and of the individual.
4) Know how to apply the knowledge learned to the understanding of the genesis of some pathologies, in particular tumoral transformation and some genetic diseases.
5) Know how to carry out exercises and simple experiments on some topics covered in formal teaching, with particular attention to those of more strictly biomedical interest.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1) Understand the fundamental mechanisms of the organization and functioning of the cell, with particular emphasis on the eukaryotic cell.
2) Understand the mechanisms of cell integration and communication within complex multicellular organisms.
3) Understand the fundamental principles of the organization and transmission of genetic information at the level of the cell and of the individual.
4) Know how to apply the knowledge learned to the understanding of the genesis of some pathologies, in particular tumoral transformation and some genetic diseases.
5) Know how to carry out exercises and simple experiments on some topics covered in formal teaching, with particular attention to those of more strictly biomedical interest.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology (I)
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1) Understand the fundamental mechanisms of the organization and functioning of the cell, with particular emphasis on the eukaryotic cell.
2) Understand the mechanisms of cell integration and communication within complex multicellular organisms.
3) Understand the fundamental principles of the organization and transmission of genetic information at the level of the cell and of the individual.
4) Know how to apply the knowledge learned to the understanding of the genesis of some pathologies, in particular tumoral transformation and some genetic diseases.
5) Know how to carry out exercises and simple experiments on some topics covered in formal teaching, with particular attention to those of more strictly biomedical interest.

Educational objectives

The aim of the integrated course is
to give students the tools to be familiar with structure and function of the principal components of the cell; to understand the molecular basis of cellular functions; to be aware of how the alteration of cellular functions can bring about pathological states. Students will learn how the genetic information flows between DNA, RNA, and proteins and how traits are inherited from one generation to the other. Concepts of classical and molecular genetics will be taught.

Educational objectives

General Objective
The know the relationship between structure and function of the tissues and during the human organogenesis

Specific objectives To know the morphologic and functional organization of the histological structures of the human body and of the embryo.
To know the mechanisms regulating embryo development, the homeostasis and tissue regeneration
To be able to analyze, interpret and describe a histological preparation.
To be aware of the methodological and experimental pathways underlying the contents of the discipline and to know how to apply them prospectively to biomedical and physio-pathological topics

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must:
• know the structure and structure-function relationships of the main biomolecules
• know the principles on which the techniques of common use are based in biochemical research and the methods used in the clinical analysis laboratory

Educational objectives

Know how the structure of DNA and the bonds that stabilize it and that intervene in the specific interactions between DNA and proteins (structural and regulatory) are the basis of the control of gene expression

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology (I)
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology (I)
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology (I)
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- be aware of the inherent variability in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- knowing how to organize data collection and prepare a series of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of single factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and orient themselves in the perception of the ethical-social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarities of the economic investigation applied to health care.
- know the complexity of the demand and supply of health services, mainly at the microeconomic level
- be able to frame and explain health transitions in human history;
- be able to historically frame the main theoretical and practical developments in medicine;
- possess an adequate historical perception of the evolution of the concept of disease in relation to the development of knowledge and medical-scientific investigation strategies;
- have understood the main historical-cultural factors that have influenced the evolution of medical problems and models of the disease;
- be able to recognize the problems and epistemological constraints inherent in the different strategies of conceptualization of the disease that operate within medicine;
- be aware that the theoretical debate on the nature and role of medicine is strongly influenced by general ideas on the nature of health and disease;
- know the developments of scientific medicine, with particular regard to the evolution of immunological knowledge and the applications of molecular genetics;
- know the origin and methodological statute of evidence-based medicine;
- know the objectives of epidemiology and community medicine and its applications to the biomedical field;
- knowing how to use the results of epidemiological studies, through their critical reading and interpretation;
- know how to set up a basic epidemiological study.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.

Educational objectives

Know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Objectives

By the end of the course, students should know the physiological basis of thermoregulation and higher functions (sleep-wake regulation, perception and memory; motivation and executive functions).

The study of these systems will be carried out by considering their adaptations in response to changes in the environment inside and outside the organism.

Specific learning outcomes

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students will be expected to show knowledge of the general functioning, feedback regulatory systems, and major neurophysiological mechanisms of higher function systems.

2. Applying knowledge and Students will be expected to show the ability to apply acquired knowledge to predict the most relevant relationships between the thermoregulation and higher function systems to maintain homeostasis.

3. Making judgements
Classes will be interactive. The lecturer will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate their critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to prompt students to make connections between the notions acquired during Physiology I. Physiology II, and Physiology III lectures, in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students to expound on the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and discourse will be carefully evaluated. They should be able to describe neatly and organically the topics covered, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overview of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in recommended texts and resources found on the WEB and in the scientific literature.

Educational objectives

Objectives:
At the end of the course, students will have to know the physiological basis of excitable cells, muscle physiology, as well as heart and respiratory system. The study of these systems will be carried out considering their adaptations in response to variations in internal and external environment of the organism.

Specific objectives:
1. Knowledge and understanding
Students will have to show knowledge of general functioning, feedback regulation systems and the main molecular and cellular mechanisms target of pharmacological treatments of the muscular, cardiac and respiratory systems.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
Students will have to show that they are able to apply the knowledge acquired to predict the most relevant relationships between the cardiac, respiratory and muscular systems to maintain homeostasis and the main consequences of functional alterations in an integrated view.

3. Autonomy of judgment
The lessons will be interactive. The teacher will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate the critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to induce students to establish links between the notions acquired during the lessons in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students and female students to present the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and speeches will be carefully evaluated. They will have to be able to describe the topics covered in an orderly and organically way, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overall view of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in the recommended texts and resources available on the WEB and in scientific literature.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the structural
organization of the human body with its main anatomo-clinical applications at
the macroscopic, microscopic,
ultrastructural level, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding
functions in a medical profession perspective.

Educational objectives

Objectives

By the end of the course, students should know the physiological basis of thermoregulation and higher functions (sleep-wake regulation, perception and memory; motivation and executive functions).

The study of these systems will be carried out by considering their adaptations in response to changes in the environment inside and outside the organism.

Specific learning outcomes

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students will be expected to show knowledge of the general functioning, feedback regulatory systems, and major neurophysiological mechanisms of higher function systems.

2. Applying knowledge and Students will be expected to show the ability to apply acquired knowledge to predict the most relevant relationships between the thermoregulation and higher function systems to maintain homeostasis.

3. Making judgements
Classes will be interactive. The lecturer will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate their critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to prompt students to make connections between the notions acquired during Physiology I. Physiology II, and Physiology III lectures, in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students to expound on the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and discourse will be carefully evaluated. They should be able to describe neatly and organically the topics covered, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overview of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in recommended texts and resources found on the WEB and in the scientific literature.

Educational objectives

Objectives:
By the end of the course, students should know the physiological basis of the renal system, human nutrition as well as the gastrointestinal system, the endocrine-reproductive system, and the sensory and motor systems. The study of these systems will be carried out by considering their adaptations in response to changes in the environment inside and outside the body.

Specific learning outcomes:
1. Knowledge and understanding
The students should show knowledge of the general functioning, feedback regulatory systems, and major molecular and cellular mechanisms targeted by pharmacological treatments of the renal, endocrine, and sensory-motor systems.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be expected to show the ability to apply acquired knowledge to predict the most relevant relationships between the renal, endocrine, and sensory-motor systems to maintain homeostasis and the major consequences of functional alterations in an integrated view. 3. Making judgements
Classes will be interactive. The lecturer will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate their critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to prompt students to make connections between the notions acquired during Physiology I and Physiology II lectures, in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students to expound on the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and discourse will be carefully evaluated. They should be able to describe neatly and organically the topics covered, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overview of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in recommended texts and resources found on the WEB and in the scientific literature.

Educational objectives

Provide to the student the knowledge of bacterial and fungal species of clinical interest.
Study of morphology, replication, virulence factors and pathogenesis aimed at understanding the host-pathogen interaction and the knowledge of the infectious diseases related to the above-mentioned microrganisms.

Educational objectives

Provide to the student the knowledge of bacterial and fungal species of clinical interest.
Study of morphology, replication, virulence factors and pathogenesis aimed at understanding the host-pathogen interaction and the knowledge of the infectious diseases related to the above-mentioned microrganisms.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes of Parasitology module: Upon completion of the course the student must have in-depth knowledge of the life cycles, transmission and infection routes, pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiology, prevention and control of main protozoan (Flagellates, Amoebe, Sporozoa) and metazoan (Elminta and Athropoda) human and zoonotic parasites.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Objectives

By the end of the course, students should know the physiological basis of thermoregulation and higher functions (sleep-wake regulation, perception and memory; motivation and executive functions).

The study of these systems will be carried out by considering their adaptations in response to changes in the environment inside and outside the organism.

Specific learning outcomes

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students will be expected to show knowledge of the general functioning, feedback regulatory systems, and major neurophysiological mechanisms of higher function systems.

2. Applying knowledge and Students will be expected to show the ability to apply acquired knowledge to predict the most relevant relationships between the thermoregulation and higher function systems to maintain homeostasis.

3. Making judgements
Classes will be interactive. The lecturer will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate their critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to prompt students to make connections between the notions acquired during Physiology I. Physiology II, and Physiology III lectures, in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students to expound on the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and discourse will be carefully evaluated. They should be able to describe neatly and organically the topics covered, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overview of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in recommended texts and resources found on the WEB and in the scientific literature.

Educational objectives

Objectives

By the end of the course, students should know the physiological basis of thermoregulation and higher functions (sleep-wake regulation, perception and memory; motivation and executive functions).

The study of these systems will be carried out by considering their adaptations in response to changes in the environment inside and outside the organism.

Specific learning outcomes

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students will be expected to show knowledge of the general functioning, feedback regulatory systems, and major neurophysiological mechanisms of higher function systems.

2. Applying knowledge and Students will be expected to show the ability to apply acquired knowledge to predict the most relevant relationships between the thermoregulation and higher function systems to maintain homeostasis.

3. Making judgements
Classes will be interactive. The lecturer will ask continuous questions to students to stimulate their critical sense and integrate their previous knowledge. These questions will also serve to prompt students to make connections between the notions acquired during Physiology I. Physiology II, and Physiology III lectures, in an integrated and critical view of Human Physiology.

4. Communication skills
The ability of students to expound on the topics covered in the program with appropriate terms and discourse will be carefully evaluated. They should be able to describe neatly and organically the topics covered, managing both to give a detailed view of the functioning of the physiological systems studied and an overview of the relationship between them.

5. Learning skills
Students will be taught to critically integrate and memorize the most important notions derived from multiple sources of study, including those received in class and those read in recommended texts and resources found on the WEB and in the scientific literature.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune response and their role in the defense against infectious agents and immunopathogenic reactions

Educational objectives

Embryology and clinical anatomy of the thorax. Surgical semeiotics of the lung and mediastinum. Surgical semeiotics of the endocrine glands. Surgical semeiotics of the liver and biliary tract, surgical semeiotics of kidney and pathways renal escretric.

Educational objectives

Main objectives
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his illness;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of medicine;
- know the basic notions of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical notions on the guidelines of informed consent both in the field of medicine and in the field of surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of the anamnesis and of the general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basic notions of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factor in the main diseases;

Educational objectives

Physical and instrumental semeiotics of the respiratory system. Semiotics: acute and chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, ascites, generalized edema. Epidemiology of the major lung diseases. Instrumental semeiotics of the respiratory system. Instrumental semeiotics of the digestive system. Semiological approach to endocrine diseases and the hematopoietic system. Semiological approach to the pathologies of nervous system.
General surgery
Embryology and clinical anatomy of the thorax. Surgical semeiotics of the lung and mediastinum. Surgical semeiotics of the endocrine glands. Surgical semeiotics of the liver and biliary tract, surgical semeiotics of kidney and pathways renal escretric.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of Pathology and Pathophysiology and technical sciences of laboratory medicine aims to transmit the notions concerning the mechanisms that cause diseases and the molecular mechanisms that underlie all organ pathology and any systemic pathology. It also concerns the interpretation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the different pathologies. In this regard, students will have to know the basis of the advanced methods of identification of molecular mechanisms and therefore their translational application in the pathology.
Students, following completion of the course, must be able to recognize and interpret the pathogenic mechanisms and causes of diseases. They will also be able to correlate the molecular aspects of damage and pathology with the signs and symptoms of the disease and then with the clinical manifestations of each pathology, also indicating which clinical-molecular examinations are indicated in different pathologies

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of Pathology and Pathophysiology and technical sciences of laboratory medicine aims to transmit the notions concerning the mechanisms that cause diseases and the molecular mechanisms that underlie all organ pathology and any systemic pathology. It also concerns the interpretation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the different pathologies. In this regard, students will have to know the basis of the advanced methods of identification of molecular mechanisms and therefore their translational application in the pathology.
Students, following completion of the course, must be able to recognize and interpret the pathogenic mechanisms and causes of diseases. They will also be able to correlate the molecular aspects of damage and pathology with the signs and symptoms of the disease and then with the clinical manifestations of each pathology, also indicating which clinical-molecular examinations are indicated in different pathologies.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the basic structural and molecular organization and functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- know how to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic features, pathogenic mechanisms and transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the related defense mechanisms. The knowledge acquired should be able to enable the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course
Upon completion of the course, the student must:
- know the biochemical-molecular parameters, in biological samples and in vivo, at the different levels of structural and functional organization: from molecules to cells, tissues, organs, and the whole organism.
- to know how to critically interpret laboratory findings also in relation to pathophysiological states.
- to know how to use laboratory findings for the purposes of diagnosis and prognosis.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the integrated course, the student must:
- know the structure and function of the major classes of biomolecules with emphasis on macromolecules and supramolecular structures and the main biochemical methodologies used in their study;
- be able to recognize the principles underlying the structure-function relationships of biological macromolecules;
- be aware that the study of molecular structures forms the conceptual basis for understanding metabolic processes and cellular pathophysiology.
- know the major metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular levels, and their integration;
- be able to recognize the logic that regulates the fluxes of intermediate metabolites;
- be aware of how alterations in the structure of biological macromolecules responsible for reactions and regulation of metabolic pathways are reflected in cellular and systemic pathological conditions.

Educational objectives

Embryology and clinical anatomy of the thorax. Surgical semeiotics of the lung and mediastinum. Surgical semeiotics of the endocrine glands. Surgical semeiotics of the liver and biliary tract, surgical semeiotics of kidney and pathways renal escretric.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is that the students learn a method to critically read the biomedical literature so that they continue to inform and form themselves for the entire duration of their career as doctors.
For this aim the specific aims of the course are the following:
• To understand and critically discuss medical research articles in English.
• Perform exercises to broaden specific terminology
• To classify a publication based on its genre, goals, and characteristics.
• To transform a non-linear text (graphs, tables, figures) into a linear text and viceversa.
• To recognize, in a research article, the methodological elements used by the researchers (inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample choice and size, laboratory methods and data management methods).
• To interpret and critically evaluate the medical and scientific value of the data presented based on its statistical soundness.
• To perform researches on biomedical databanks in English (online and on printed journals).
• To communicate in English (oral or written) with the correct register for scientific communications with colleagues or at conferences

Educational objectives

Embryology and clinical anatomy of the thorax. Surgical semeiotics of the lung and mediastinum. Surgical semeiotics of the endocrine glands. Surgical semeiotics of the liver and biliary tract, surgical semeiotics of kidney and pathways renal escretric.

Educational objectives

Clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine
Data quality and characteristics of the diagnostic test: validity and reliability of the diagnostic test, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, prevalence. the SnNout and SpPin rules. Likelihood and odds ratios. The ROC curve.
Basic models of study in epidemiology: descriptive and transversal observational studies.
cohort and case-control studies.
measures of association between risk factor and disease: absolute risk, attributable risk, relative risk, odds ratio
Experimental studies (RCT). Effect measures. Criticality of the RCTs.
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis (outline).

Educational objectives

Physical and instrumental semeiotics of the respiratory system. Semiotics: acute and chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, ascites, generalized edema. Epidemiology of the major lung diseases. Instrumental semeiotics of the respiratory system. Instrumental semeiotics of the digestive system. Semiological approach to endocrine diseases and the hematopoietic system. Semiological approach to the pathologies of nervous system.
General surgery
Embryology and clinical anatomy of the thorax. Surgical semeiotics of the lung and mediastinum. Surgical semeiotics of the endocrine glands. Surgical semeiotics of the liver and biliary tract, surgical semeiotics of kidney and pathways renal escretric.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The integrated course of Pathology and Pathophysiology and technical sciences of laboratory medicine aims to transmit the notions concerning the mechanisms that cause diseases and the molecular mechanisms that underlie all organ pathology and any systemic pathology. It also concerns the interpretation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the different pathologies. In this regard, students will have to know the basis of the advanced methods of identification of molecular mechanisms and therefore their translational application in the pathology.
Students, following completion of the course, must be able to recognize and interpret the pathogenic mechanisms and causes of diseases. They will also be able to correlate the molecular aspects of damage and pathology with the signs and symptoms of the disease and then with the clinical manifestations of each pathology, also indicating which clinical-molecular examinations are indicated in different pathologies

Educational objectives

The integrated course of Pathology and Pathophysiology and technical sciences of laboratory medicine aims to transmit the notions concerning the mechanisms that cause diseases and the molecular mechanisms that underlie all organ pathology and any systemic pathology. It also concerns the interpretation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the different pathologies. In this regard, students will have to know the basis of the advanced methods of identification of molecular mechanisms and therefore their translational application in the pathology.
Students, following completion of the course, must be able to recognize and interpret the pathogenic mechanisms and causes of diseases. They will also be able to correlate the molecular aspects of damage and pathology with the signs and symptoms of the disease and then with the clinical manifestations of each pathology, also indicating which clinical-molecular examinations are indicated in different pathologies

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, basic pathophysiological mechanisms of major organs and systems. Interpretation of basic pathophysiological and pathogenic mechanisms of human disease.
Ability to analyze the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and interpret their results.
Knowledge of the pathogenic basis of disease and pathophysiological processes as the essential substrate for subsequent clinical approach to human diseases.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the basic structural and molecular organization and functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- know how to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic features, pathogenic mechanisms and transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the related defense mechanisms. The knowledge acquired should be able to enable the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the basic structural and molecular organization and functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- know how to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic features, pathogenic mechanisms and transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the related defense mechanisms. The knowledge acquired should be able to enable the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the integrated course, the student must:
- know the structure and function of the major classes of biomolecules with emphasis on macromolecules and supramolecular structures and the main biochemical methodologies used in their study;
- be able to recognize the principles underlying the structure-function relationships of biological macromolecules;
- be aware that the study of molecular structures forms the conceptual basis for understanding metabolic processes and cellular pathophysiology.
- know the major metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular levels, and their integration;
- be able to recognize the logic that regulates the fluxes of intermediate metabolites;
- be aware of how alterations in the structure of biological macromolecules responsible for reactions and regulation of metabolic pathways are reflected in cellular and systemic pathological conditions.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
Upon completion of the integrated course, the student must:
- know the structure and function of the major classes of biomolecules with emphasis on macromolecules and supramolecular structures and the main biochemical methodologies used in their study;
- be able to recognize the principles underlying the structure-function relationships of biological macromolecules;
- be aware that the study of molecular structures forms the conceptual basis for understanding metabolic processes and cellular pathophysiology.
- know the major metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular levels, and their integration;
- be able to recognize the logic that regulates the fluxes of intermediate metabolites;
- be aware of how alterations in the structure of biological macromolecules responsible for reactions and regulation of metabolic pathways are reflected in cellular and systemic pathological conditions.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
At the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the contribution of pathologic anatomy (autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology) in the physician's decision making, diagnosis, prevention, grading and staging of morbid processes, and monitoring the effects of therapy.
Core Curriculum
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels of simple lesions.
Recollections of human anatomy and topographical anatomy of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. Molecular biological mechanisms deputed to control growth, differentiation and cell death; cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships. Morphology of reversible cell damage and necrosis. Morphology of apoptosis. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia. Morphology of intracellular substance accumulation: lipids; proteins; glycogen and pigments. Pathologic calcifications. Morphology of acute and chronic inflammation. Dysplasia and Neoplasia.
Interactive teaching activities.
Acquisition of knowledge of the significance of the anatomo - pathological substrate in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Professionalizing objectives.
Acquisition of the ability to carry out the description of macro- and microscopic pictures.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
At the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the contribution of pathologic anatomy (autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology) in the physician's decision making, diagnosis, prevention, grading and staging of morbid processes, and monitoring the effects of therapy.
Core Curriculum
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels of simple lesions.
Recollections of human anatomy and topographical anatomy of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. Molecular biological mechanisms deputed to control growth, differentiation and cell death; cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships. Morphology of reversible cell damage and necrosis. Morphology of apoptosis. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia. Morphology of intracellular substance accumulation: lipids; proteins; glycogen and pigments. Pathologic calcifications. Morphology of acute and chronic inflammation. Dysplasia and Neoplasia.
Interactive teaching activities.
Acquisition of knowledge of the significance of the anatomo - pathological substrate in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Professionalizing objectives.
Acquisition of the ability to carry out the description of macro- and microscopic pictures.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
At the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the contribution of pathologic anatomy (autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology) in the physician's decision making, diagnosis, prevention, grading and staging of morbid processes, and monitoring the effects of therapy.
Core Curriculum
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels of simple lesions.
Recollections of human anatomy and topographical anatomy of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. Molecular biological mechanisms deputed to control growth, differentiation and cell death; cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships. Morphology of reversible cell damage and necrosis. Morphology of apoptosis. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia. Morphology of intracellular substance accumulation: lipids; proteins; glycogen and pigments. Pathologic calcifications. Morphology of acute and chronic inflammation. Dysplasia and Neoplasia.
Interactive teaching activities.
Acquisition of knowledge of the significance of the anatomo - pathological substrate in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Professionalizing objectives.
Acquisition of the ability to carry out the description of macro- and microscopic pictures.

Educational objectives

Students must have an adequate knowledge of the most important cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in terms of basic research, nosography, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, anatomopathology and clinic.

Educational objectives

By the end of the lessons, the student should: - acquire global knowledge of the cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Epidemiology. Atherosclerosis. Chest pain. Aortic disease. Ischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart valve diseases. Cardiomyopathies. Endocarditis. Pericarditis. Left ventricular failure. Cardiac Asthma . Acute pulmonary Edema . Congestive heart failure. Heart rhythm disturbances. Lipotimia. Syncope. Shock. Arterial hypertension . Arterial hypotension. Cor pulmonare . Adult congenital heart disease . Cardiac neoplasia. Cardiac Emergency. Respiratory disease. Anatomy. Physiology. Sleep apnea. Non-respiratory functions of the lung. Respiratory function test. Chest X ray. Computed tomography. Arteriography. Magnetic resonance. Lung scintigraphy. Thoracic endoscopy. Laboratory examinations. hemogasanalisis. Infectious diseases. tbc. Bronchiectasy. Diagnostic tests. Bronchial Iper-reactivity . Bronchitis and enfisema. bronchial Asthma . Pneumonia . Sarcoidosis. Professional lung diseases . Acute and chronic lung failure ; ARDS. hystology of respiratory distress .Tumors neoplasia stadiation. Paraneoplastic syndromes . Pneumothorax. Malformations of thorax . Mediastinal Tumors . Thoracic trauma. Pleuritis . Effusions . Diagnostic tools. Medical therapy. Surgery.

Educational objectives

By the end
of the course the student must

-know the
principal diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus, with information
about surgical operation and knowledge of the most common surgical techniques

-be aware of
the semeiological manoeuvres carried out aimed towards diagnosis and therapeutic
address.

-know the
main corrective methods required about the patient’s lifestyle aimed towards
prevention.

Educational objectives

By the end
of the course the student must -know the principal diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus, with information about surgical operation and knowledge of the most common surgical techniques
-be aware of the semeiological manoeuvres carried out aimed towards diagnosis and therapeutic address.

Educational objectives

Students must have an adequate knowledge of the most important cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in terms of basic research, nosography, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, anatomopathology and clinic.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must
-know the principal diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus, with information about surgical operation and knowledge of the most common surgical techniques
-be aware of the semeiological manoeuvres carried out aimed towards diagnosis and therapeutic address.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:
• Be able to collect anamnestic data pertinent to renal diseases.
• Distinguish the different clinical pictures of renal patients.
• Require specific tests helpful to diagnose different syndromes.
• Evaluate and interpret renal function tests, urinary sediment and the diagnostic value of radiologic techniques pertinent to nephrology.
• Diagnose Acute, Subacute and Chronic Renal Failure (classify and understand the prognostic values of different stages).
• Identify major electrolyte and acid-base derangements.
• Understand the clinical value of renal biopsy and the histologic changes of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis.
• Identify the clinical hallmarks of hereditary renal diseases.
• Appreciate the clinical specificities of patients receiving renal replacement therapies (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation).
• Evaluate hypertensive patients from a nephrologic point of view.
• Evaluate a patient presenting with nephrolithiasis

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:
• Be able to collect anamnestic data pertinent to renal diseases.
• Distinguish the different clinical pictures of renal patients.
• Require specific tests helpful to diagnose different syndromes.
• Evaluate and interpret renal function tests, urinary sediment and the diagnostic value of radiologic techniques pertinent to nephrology.
• Diagnose Acute, Subacute and Chronic Renal Failure (classify and understand the prognostic values of different stages).
• Identify major electrolyte and acid-base derangements.
• Understand the clinical value of renal biopsy and the histologic changes of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis.
• Identify the clinical hallmarks of hereditary renal diseases.
• Appreciate the clinical specificities of patients receiving renal replacement therapies (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation).
• Evaluate hypertensive patients from a nephrologic point of view.
• Evaluate a patient presenting with nephrolithiasis

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must be able to:
• take a medical history and to perform physical examination in patients with urological disorders (including digital rectal examination and scrotal examination).
• to perform a differential diagnosis of the different urological conditions included in the course programme;
• to introduce a bladder catheter in male and female patients,
• to interpret urine analysis and urine culture,
• to prescribe antibiotic therapy on the base of the antibiogram,
• to interpret a plain radiography of the abdomen and a URO-CT scan with reference to urological disorders;
• to interpret renal, bladder and scrotal ultrasound with reference to urological disorders.
• to interpret semen analysis.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is that the students learn a method to critically read the biomedical literature so that they continue to inform and form themselves for the entire duration of their career as doctors.
For this aim the specific aims of the course are the following:
• To understand and critically discuss medical research articles in English.
• Perform exercises to broaden specific terminology
• To classify a publication based on its genre, goals, and characteristics.
• To transform a non-linear text (graphs, tables, figures) into a linear text and viceversa.
• To recognize, in a research article, the methodological elements used by the researchers (inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample choice and size, laboratory methods and data management methods).
• To interpret and critically evaluate the medical and scientific value of the data presented based on its statistical soundness.
• To perform researches on biomedical databanks in English (online and on printed journals).
• To communicate in English (oral or written) with the correct register for scientific communications with colleagues or at conferences

Educational objectives

By the end of the lessons, the student should: - acquire global knowledge of the cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Epidemiology. Atherosclerosis. Chest pain. Aortic disease. Ischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart valve diseases. Cardiomyopathies. Endocarditis. Pericarditis. Left ventricular failure. Cardiac Asthma . Acute pulmonary Edema . Congestive heart failure. Heart rhythm disturbances. Lipotimia. Syncope. Shock. Arterial hypertension . Arterial hypotension. Cor pulmonare . Adult congenital heart disease . Cardiac neoplasia. Cardiac Emergency. Respiratory disease. Anatomy. Physiology. Sleep apnea. Non-respiratory functions of the lung. Respiratory function test. Chest X ray. Computed tomography. Arteriography. Magnetic resonance. Lung scintigraphy. Thoracic endoscopy. Laboratory examinations. hemogasanalisis. Infectious diseases. tbc. Bronchiectasy. Diagnostic tests. Bronchial Iper-reactivity . Bronchitis and enfisema. bronchial Asthma . Pneumonia . Sarcoidosis. Professional lung diseases . Acute and chronic lung failure ; ARDS. hystology of respiratory distress .Tumors neoplasia stadiation. Paraneoplastic syndromes . Pneumothorax. Malformations of thorax . Mediastinal Tumors . Thoracic trauma. Pleuritis . Effusions . Diagnostic tools. Medical therapy. Surgery.

Educational objectives

By the end of the lessons, the student should: - acquire global knowledge of the cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Epidemiology. Atherosclerosis. Chest pain. Aortic disease. Ischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart valve diseases. Cardiomyopathies. Endocarditis. Pericarditis. Left ventricular failure. Cardiac Asthma . Acute pulmonary Edema . Congestive heart failure. Heart rhythm disturbances. Lipotimia. Syncope. Shock. Arterial hypertension . Arterial hypotension. Cor pulmonare . Adult congenital heart disease . Cardiac neoplasia. Cardiac Emergency. Respiratory disease. Anatomy. Physiology. Sleep apnea. Non-respiratory functions of the lung. Respiratory function test. Chest X ray. Computed tomography. Arteriography. Magnetic resonance. Lung scintigraphy. Thoracic endoscopy. Laboratory examinations. hemogasanalisis. Infectious diseases. tbc. Bronchiectasy. Diagnostic tests. Bronchial Iper-reactivity . Bronchitis and enfisema. bronchial Asthma . Pneumonia . Sarcoidosis. Professional lung diseases . Acute and chronic lung failure ; ARDS. hystology of respiratory distress .Tumors neoplasia stadiation. Paraneoplastic syndromes . Pneumothorax. Malformations of thorax . Mediastinal Tumors . Thoracic trauma. Pleuritis . Effusions . Diagnostic tools. Medical therapy. Surgery.
By the end of the course the student must -know the principal diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus, with information about surgical operation and knowledge of the most common surgical techniques
-be aware of the semeiological manoeuvres carried out aimed towards diagnosis and therapeutic address.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:
• Be able to collect anamnestic data pertinent to renal diseases.
• Distinguish the different clinical pictures of renal patients.
• Require specific tests helpful to diagnose different syndromes.
• Evaluate and interpret renal function tests, urinary sediment and the diagnostic value of radiologic techniques pertinent to nephrology.
• Diagnose Acute, Subacute and Chronic Renal Failure (classify and understand the prognostic values of different stages).
• Identify major electrolyte and acid-base derangements.
• Understand the clinical value of renal biopsy and the histologic changes of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis.
• Identify the clinical hallmarks of hereditary renal diseases.
• Appreciate the clinical specificities of patients receiving renal replacement therapies (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation).
• Evaluate hypertensive patients from a nephrologic point of view.
• Evaluate a patient presenting with nephrolithiasis

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is that the students learn a method to critically read the biomedical literature so that they continue to inform and form themselves for the entire duration of their career as doctors.
For this aim the specific aims of the course are the following:
• To understand and critically discuss medical research articles in English.
• Perform exercises to broaden specific terminology
• To classify a publication based on its genre, goals, and characteristics.
• To transform a non-linear text (graphs, tables, figures) into a linear text and viceversa.
• To recognize, in a research article, the methodological elements used by the researchers (inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample choice and size, laboratory methods and data management methods).
• To interpret and critically evaluate the medical and scientific value of the data presented based on its statistical soundness.
• To perform researches on biomedical databanks in English (online and on printed journals).
• To communicate in English (oral or written) with the correct register for scientific communications with colleagues or at conferences

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must be able to:
• take a medical history and to perform physical examination in patients with urological disorders (including digital rectal examination and scrotal examination).
• to perform a differential diagnosis of the different urological conditions included in the course programme;
• to introduce a bladder catheter in male and female patients,
• to interpret urine analysis and urine culture,
• to prescribe antibiotic therapy on the base of the antibiogram,
• to interpret a plain radiography of the abdomen and a URO-CT scan with reference to urological disorders;
• to interpret renal, bladder and scrotal ultrasound with reference to urological disorders.
• to interpret semen analysis.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
At the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the contribution of pathologic anatomy (autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology) in the physician's decision making, diagnosis, prevention, grading and staging of morbid processes, and monitoring the effects of therapy.
Core Curriculum
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels of simple lesions.
Recollections of human anatomy and topographical anatomy of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. Molecular biological mechanisms deputed to control growth, differentiation and cell death; cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships. Morphology of reversible cell damage and necrosis. Morphology of apoptosis. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia. Morphology of intracellular substance accumulation: lipids; proteins; glycogen and pigments. Pathologic calcifications. Morphology of acute and chronic inflammation. Dysplasia and Neoplasia.
Interactive teaching activities.
Acquisition of knowledge of the significance of the anatomo - pathological substrate in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Professionalizing objectives.
Acquisition of the ability to carry out the description of macro- and microscopic pictures.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the anatomo-pathological pictures at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels in relation to the most relevant diseases of the various apparatuses, as well as pathological anatomy, in correlation with epidemiology, genetics and molecular biology, as a key to understanding etiopathogenetic processes and, by virtue of anatomoclinical correlation, as a method of understanding the natural history of morbid processes;
- know how to perform macroscopic examination of various organs and apparatuses;
- be aware of the value of epicrisis as a moment of diagnostic synthesis of the anatomic-clinical findings of the disease event.
Core Curriculum:
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels induced by diseases in the various organs and systems.

Educational objectives

Know and understand pharmacokynetics, pharmacodynamics
and the mechanisms of toxicity of drugs

Know how to make, on the basis of knowledge of pharmacokynetics and pharmacodynamics, an
evaluation of the drug and to make a reasoned choice of the method and duration
of administration

Be aware of the factors that influence pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and
the interaction between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic
implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

Educational objectives

Know and understand pharmacokynetics, pharmacodynamics
and the mechanisms of toxicity of drugs

Know how to make, on the basis of knowledge of pharmacokynetics and pharmacodynamics, an
evaluation of the drug and to make a reasoned choice of the method and duration
of administration

Be aware of the factors that influence pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and
the interaction between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic
implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

Educational objectives

Know and understand pharmacokynetics, pharmacodynamics and the mechanisms of toxicity of drugs
Know how to make, on the basis of knowledge of pharmacokynetics and pharmacodynamics, an evaluation of the drug and to make a reasoned choice of the method and duration of administration

Be aware of the factors that influence pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and the interaction between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to acquire:

•
Basic knowledge on behalf of the doctor practicing general medicine of the physical
characteristics of the different methods in use of Diagnostic Imaging and
Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the
apparatuses and their use in order to obtain useful information about the patient.

•
Knowledge about the principal indications of the investigation through Diagnostic
Imaging and operational Radiology was well as the procedures of Oncological
Radiotherapy.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to acquire:
Basic knowledge on behalf of the doctor practicing general medicine of the physical characteristics of the different methods in use of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the apparatuses and their use in order to obtain useful information about the patient.

Knowledge about the principal indications of the investigation through Diagnostic Imaging and operational Radiology was well as the procedures of Oncological Radiotherapy.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to acquire:
Basic knowledge on behalf of the doctor practicing general medicine of the physical characteristics of the different methods in use of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, as well as the main technological characteristics of the apparatuses and their use in order to obtain useful information about the patient.

Knowledge about the principal indications of the investigation through Diagnostic Imaging and operational Radiology was well as the procedures of Oncological Radiotherapy.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:-know howto
critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and
functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal
digestive and endocrine-metaboic diseases.-Be ableto take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive and endocrine-metabolic pathologies.-Be awareof the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student should know
-how to critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal digestive diseases.
-Be able to take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive pathologies.
-Be aware of the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student should:
- to know how to evaluate and correlate clinical and physical symptoms of the most frequent and the main rare endocrine-metabolic disorders .
- to correlate functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes through a specific diagnostic workup
- Be able to take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to endocrine-metabolic disorders
- to obtain the maximum of patient's compliance with the diagnostic workup and the prescribed treatment
- be aware of the epidemiological and socio-economic impact of the main endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:-know howto
critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and
functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal
digestive and endocrine-metaboic diseases.-Be ableto take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive and endocrine-metabolic pathologies.-Be awareof the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:-know howto
critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and
functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal
digestive and endocrine-metaboic diseases.-Be ableto take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive and endocrine-metabolic pathologies.-Be awareof the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is that the students learn a method to critically read the biomedical literature so that they continue to inform and form themselves for the entire duration of their career as doctors.
For this aim the specific aims of the course are the following:
• To understand and critically discuss medical research articles in English.
• Perform exercises to broaden specific terminology
• To classify a publication based on its genre, goals, and characteristics.
• To transform a non-linear text (graphs, tables, figures) into a linear text and viceversa.
• To recognize, in a research article, the methodological elements used by the researchers (inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample choice and size, laboratory methods and data management methods).
• To interpret and critically evaluate the medical and scientific value of the data presented based on its statistical soundness.
• To perform researches on biomedical databanks in English (online and on printed journals).
• To communicate in English (oral or written) with the correct register for scientific communications with colleagues or at conferences

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is that the students learn a method to critically read the biomedical literature so that they continue to inform and form themselves for the entire duration of their career as doctors.
For this aim the specific aims of the course are the following:
• To understand and critically discuss medical research articles in English.
• Perform exercises to broaden specific terminology
• To classify a publication based on its genre, goals, and characteristics.
• To transform a non-linear text (graphs, tables, figures) into a linear text and viceversa.
• To recognize, in a research article, the methodological elements used by the researchers (inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample choice and size, laboratory methods and data management methods).
• To interpret and critically evaluate the medical and scientific value of the data presented based on its statistical soundness.
• To perform researches on biomedical databanks in English (online and on printed journals).
• To communicate in English (oral or written) with the correct register for scientific communications with colleagues or at conferences

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the student must:-know how to critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal digestive and endocrine-metaboic diseases.-Be ableto take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive and endocrine-metabolic pathologies.-Be awareof the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases. By the end of the course the student must:-know how to critically evaluate and correlate clinical signs, physical signs and functional alterations with the pathogenetic causes of the principal digestive and endocrine-metaboic diseases.-Be ableto take a case history and carry out an objective examination related to digestive and endocrine-metabolic pathologies.-Be awareof the epidemiological and socio-economic importance of the main digestive and endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Educational objectives

a) to provide knowledge: on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia;
b) to acquire ability: to learn the relationship between damage, functional alteration, symptoms and therapeutic strategies;
c) to acquire independent judgment: and establish the correct clinical classification of the patient; establish the correct diagnostic procedure and a therapeutic plan.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course
At the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the contribution of pathologic anatomy (autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology) in the physician's decision making, diagnosis, prevention, grading and staging of morbid processes, and monitoring the effects of therapy.
Core Curriculum
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels of simple lesions.
Recollections of human anatomy and topographical anatomy of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. Molecular biological mechanisms deputed to control growth, differentiation and cell death; cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships. Morphology of reversible cell damage and necrosis. Morphology of apoptosis. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia. Morphology of intracellular substance accumulation: lipids; proteins; glycogen and pigments. Pathologic calcifications. Morphology of acute and chronic inflammation. Dysplasia and Neoplasia.
Interactive teaching activities.
Acquisition of knowledge of the significance of the anatomo - pathological substrate in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Professionalizing objectives.
Acquisition of the ability to carry out the description of macro- and microscopic pictures.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the anatomo-pathological pictures at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels in relation to the most relevant diseases of the various apparatuses, as well as pathological anatomy, in correlation with epidemiology, genetics and molecular biology, as a key to understanding etiopathogenetic processes and, by virtue of anatomoclinical correlation, as a method of understanding the natural history of morbid processes;
- know how to perform macroscopic examination of various organs and apparatuses;
- be aware of the value of epicrisis as a moment of diagnostic synthesis of the anatomic-clinical findings of the disease event.
Core Curriculum:
Formal teaching activities
Acquisition of knowledge of morphological changes at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural levels induced by diseases in the various organs and systems.

Educational objectives

Know and understand pharmacokynetics, pharmacodynamics
and the mechanisms of toxicity of drugs

Know how to make, on the basis of knowledge of pharmacokynetics and pharmacodynamics, an
evaluation of the drug and to make a reasoned choice of the method and duration
of administration

Be aware of the factors that influence pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and
the interaction between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic
implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

Educational objectives

Know and understand pharmacokynetics, pharmacodynamics and the mechanisms of toxicity of drugs
Know how to make, on the basis of knowledge of pharmacokynetics and pharmacodynamics, an evaluation of the drug and to make a reasoned choice of the method and duration of administration

Be aware of the factors that influence pharmacological effects, adverse reactions and the interaction between drugs, as well as the ethical and socio-economic implications inherent in the prescription of drugs.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the main etiologic, pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of immunologic, allergologic, and rheumatologic diseases and the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- know how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- know how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the main etiological, pathophysiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of immunological, allergological and rheumatological pathologies and of the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- knowing how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- knowing how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and drawbacks of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the main etiological, pathophysiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of immunological, allergological and rheumatological pathologies and of the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- knowing how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- knowing how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and drawbacks of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the main etiological, pathophysiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of immunological, allergological and rheumatological pathologies and of the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- knowing how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- knowing how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and drawbacks of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must: - have acquired the cognitive tools and methodology for a correct approach to infectious pathology and human reproduction. In particular: • a pathogenetic approach with specific references to the notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already possessed by the student; • a clinical approach that facilitates connections with the other subjects of the course and allows the student to acquire a behavioral methodology in a clinical setting • a therapeutic approach based on the ascertained or presumed etiology acquiring an individual and collective preventive medicine approach. - knowing how to deal with both a clinical and laboratory diagnostic process of human reproduction and the most common infectious forms - know how to set up an antimicrobial therapy, a general medical treatment - knowing how to implement the required prophylaxis and public health measures.

Educational objectives

t the end of the course the student must: - have acquired the cognitive tools and methodology for a correct approach to infectious pathology and human reproduction. In particular: • a pathogenetic approach with specific references to the notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already possessed by the student; • a clinical approach that facilitates connections with the other subjects of the course and allows the student to acquire a behavioral methodology in a clinical setting • a therapeutic approach based on the ascertained or presumed etiology acquiring an individual and collective preventive medicine approach. - knowing how to deal with both a clinical and laboratory diagnostic process of human reproduction and the most common infectious forms - know how to set up an antimicrobial therapy, a general medical treatment - knowing how to implement the required prophylaxis and public health measures.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must: - have acquired the cognitive tools and methodology for a correct approach to infectious pathology and human reproduction. In particular: • a pathogenetic approach with specific references to the notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already possessed by the student; • a clinical approach that facilitates connections with the other subjects of the course and allows the student to acquire a behavioral methodology in a clinical setting • a therapeutic approach based on the ascertained or presumed etiology acquiring an individual and collective preventive medicine approach. - knowing how to deal with both a clinical and laboratory diagnostic process of human reproduction and the most common infectious forms - know how to set up an antimicrobial therapy, a general medical treatment - knowing how to implement the required prophylaxis and public health measures.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course, the student must:
- Have acquired the cognitive tools and methodology for a correct approach to infectious pathology and human reproduction.
In particular:
- a pathogenetic approach with specific references to notions of epidemiology, microbiology, general pathology, immunology and endocrinology already possessed by the student;
- a clinical approach that facilitates links with the other subjects of the Course and enables the student to acquire a behavioral methodology in the clinical setting
- a reasoned therapeutic approach according to the ascertained or presumed etiology acquire an individual and collective preventive medicine approach.
- know how to approach both a clinical and laboratory diagnostic pathway of human reproduction and the most common infectious forms
- know how to set up antimicrobial therapy, general medical treatment
- know how to implement required prophylaxis and public health measures.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide and refine the tools necessary to recognize and treat patients deserving of palliative care and supportive treatments for cancer patients who are approaching the end of their life. At the end of the course the student must:
• Integrate the approach to early palliative care into daily practice
• Recognize patient candidates for general and specialist palliative care
• Identify and treat the main symptoms of developmental diseases in the different phases (supportive therapies in oncology)
• Identify the complexity inherent in care situations, in order to interact effectively with specialists
• Discuss therapeutic strategies with industry experts.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

The course on Child Neuropsychiatry has the following aims:
- knowledge of normal and delayed/deranged developmental trajectory and its biological bases;
- knowledge of the impact of social and family environmental variables on child development
- knowledge of the role of aetiological and pathogenetic factors on the development of behavioural and neurological phenotypes of the most prevalent developmental disorders and nutrition and feeding disorders (DSM 5 diagnostic categories)
- knowledge of the age-dependency of neuropsychiatric manifestations of developmental disorders
- knowledge of evidence-based assessment, diagnosis and therapy (pharmacological, behavioural, rehabilitation);
- knowledge of the complexity of physician-patient/carer interaction and how this affects delivery of care of patients with developmental disorders and their integration in family and school/peers environment

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

By
the end of the course the student must Know:

-how to make
a correct diagnosis and to give
instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases

- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and
rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and
traumatological pathologies

-the
diagnostic and therapeutic elements of
the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the
epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive
arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and
degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Educational objectives

By
the end of the course the student must Know:

-how to make
a correct diagnosis and to give
instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases

- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and
rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and
traumatological pathologies

-the
diagnostic and therapeutic elements of
the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the
epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive
arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and
degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Educational objectives

By
the end of the course the student must Know:

-how to make
a correct diagnosis and to give
instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases

- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and
rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and
traumatological pathologies

-the
diagnostic and therapeutic elements of
the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the
epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive
arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and
degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Educational objectives

By
the end of the course the student must Know:

-how to make
a correct diagnosis and to give
instructions about the treatment of orthopaedic and traumatological diseases

- the therapeutic, medical, surgical and
rehabilitative possi- bilities of the main orthopaedic and
traumatological pathologies

-the
diagnostic and therapeutic elements of
the main rheumatic diseases, that
provide major importance about the
epidemiological aspects: inflammatory rheumatism (primary and reactive
arthritis), systemic or connective rheumatic diseases, microcrystalline and
degenerative arthropathies, generalized extra-articulated and local rheumatism.

Educational objectives

The module aim is to orient students to the careful analysis of main themes of health economics and management.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations; the economic evaluation.
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians.

Educational objectives

general objectives

- Know strategies to promote the health and prevent illness in individuals, communities, and workplace
- Know how to analyze problems related to health protection
- Know how to use basic knowledge to identify preventive medicine and occupational health interventions

specific goals
- Acquire the basics of epidemiology and prevention of the main infectious and chronic-degenerative diseases and environmental hygiene
- Acquire knowledge on the legislative principles and methods of application of the current “safety and health protection in the workplace” and in particular on the prevention and protection of residual risk as well as on the main occupational diseases

Educational objectives

General objectives
- Know strategies to promote the health and prevent illness in individuals, communities, and workplace
- Know how to analyze problems related to health protection
- Know how to use basic knowledge to identify preventive medicine and occupational health interventions

Specific goals
- Acquire the basics of epidemiology and prevention of the main infectious and chronic-degenerative diseases and environmental hygiene
- Acquire knowledge on the legislative principles and methods of application of the current “safety and health protection in the workplace” and in particular on the prevention and protection of residual risk as well as on the main occupational diseases

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otorhinolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral and visual apparatus diseases
- know the main therapeutic directions and the indications for the professional contribution of specialist otorhinolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological consultancy

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otorhinolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral and visual apparatus diseases
- know the main therapeutic directions and the indications for the professional contribution of specialist otorhinolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological consultancy

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral cavity diseases, of the visual apparatus
- know the main therapeutic directions and indications for the professional contribution of otolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological specialist counseling

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral cavity diseases, of the visual apparatus
- know the main therapeutic directions and indications for the professional contribution of otolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological specialist counseling

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otorhinolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral and visual apparatus diseases
- know the main therapeutic directions and the indications for the professional contribution of specialist otorhinolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological consultancy

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know how to recognize the most frequent otorhinolaryngological and audiological, odontostomatological and oral and visual apparatus diseases
- know the main therapeutic directions and the indications for the professional contribution of specialist otorhinolaryngological, audiological, odontostomatological and ophthalmological consultancy

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

The module aim is to orient students to the careful analysis of main themes of health economics and management.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations; the economic evaluation.
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians.

Educational objectives

Learning outcomes:
• To know the advantages and disadvantages of the main models of organization and financing of health systems
• To know the phases of health planning from the analysis of the state of health of the population to the planning of the interventions
• Know the multidisciplinary issues related to health management

Educational objectives

The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

The module aim is to orient students to the careful analysis of main themes of health economics and management.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations; the economic evaluation.
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student should :
- know the biological basis, epidemiology, and clinical and laboratory features of neoplastic diseases
- know how to make diagnosis of related pathologies and know how to manage a cancer patient, know how to indicate prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of cancer pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of malignancies and the basic concepts and primary goals of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact such treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

The student is allowed to choose one or more courses offered within any
first cycle degree program at Sapienza, provided that they are coherent
with his learning path.

Educational objectives

The graduation exam focuses on the discussion of a thesis elaborated in an original way by the student under the guidance of a supervisor; the figure of a co-supervisor may be envisaged. The discussion of the thesis will take place in front of a Commission appointed in compliance with the University teaching regulations and the teaching regulations of the Faculty and Master's Degree Course.

Educational objectives

Learn the basics of bioethics and medical deontology. The course focuses mostly on the different approaches to patient’s autonomy along the history of Western medicine. Case studies and relevant issues (abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide, ethics of genetic research, death definition, living will, etc.) are analyzed along the course. The student will be able to frame a clinical case in a bioethical perspective, correctly identifying the bioethical actors, their rights, and their duties, according to several bioethical approaches.

Educational objectives

Learn the basics of bioethics and medical deontology. The course focuses mostly on the different approaches to patient’s autonomy along the history of Western medicine. Case studies and relevant issues (abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide, ethics of genetic research, death definition, living will, etc.) are analyzed along the course. The student will be able to frame a clinical case in a bioethical perspective, correctly identifying the bioethical actors, their rights, and their duties, according to several bioethical approaches.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the sudent must: Know the main legislative norms that regulate Health organization and the fundamentals of bioethics in the present-day problematic area, knowledge of ethical norms and different cultural models, the area of action of clinical bioethics and the concept of taking care of the patient. Be able to carry out medico-legal procedures; be able to make an ethical analysis of a case history and an evaluation of the doctor’s own behaviour in critical situations following the principles of medical ethics. Be aware of deontological obligations and responsibility in the practice of medicine and in the national area of the social security system. Be able to be a doctor who, respecting a person’s dignity, acts by safeguarding the health and welfare of the patient and of the community, using the limited resources available by law, aware of the need to respect the patient’s rights and autonomy but at the same time helping the patient to reach a decision aimed at what is best for him.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the clinic and therapy of pathologies inherent in Medicine and General Surgery
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of pathologies of medical and surgical interest
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying pathology to be identified quickly and surely and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
- be capable of a correct professional relationship with patients and know how to exercise their future profession in the interest of the patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the clinic and therapy of pathologies inherent in Medicine and General Surgery
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of pathologies of medical and surgical interest
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying pathology to be identified quickly and surely and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
- be capable of a correct professional relationship with patients and know how to exercise their future profession in the interest of the patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the clinic and therapy of pathologies inherent in Medicine and General Surgery
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of pathologies of medical and surgical interest
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying pathology to be identified quickly and surely and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs.
- be capable of a correct professional relationship with patients and know how to exercise their future profession in the interest of the patient.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

he MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patien

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the critical pathologies and their treatment.
- knowing how to evaluate internal and external bleeding, as well as being able to perform differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm of abdominal pain.
- know how to expertly carry out therapeutic acts in urgent and emergency situations.
- knowing how to recognize acute psychotic states.
- know how to indicate the correct use of the different imaging diagnostic techniques in the polytrauma patient
- be able to recognize the patient in an emergency of surgical interest and know how to apply the emergency treatment scale as well as the timing of therapy of the injuries in the polytrauma patient.