Medicine and Surgery "E" - Pontine Campus

Educational objectives

Based on the attachments to Ministerial Decree no. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide and has the following general objectives:

The Physics course aims to provide essential knowledge of physics for understanding natural phenomena and biological processes, with particular attention to applications in the biomedical field.

Educational objectives

Based on the attachments to Ministerial Decree no. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide and has the following general objectives:

The Biology course aims to provide students with a solid and integrated understanding of the fundamentals of biology, which is essential for understanding the physiological and pathological processes addressed in subsequent courses in the biomedical field.

Educational objectives

Based on the attachments to Ministerial Decree no. 418 of May 30, 2025, the syllabus for this course is uniform nationwide and has the following general objectives:

To provide the basis for understanding the fundamental laws governing matter and its transformations, with particular attention to biological phenomena at the atomic and molecular level, in relation to biomedical applications.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

General Objective
The know the relationship between structure and function of the tissues and during the human organogenesis

Specific objectives
To know the morphologic and functional organization of the histological structures of the human body and of the embryo.
To know the mechanisms regulating embryo development, the homeostasis and tissue regeneration
To be able to analyze, interpret and describe a histological preparation.
To be aware of the methodological and experimental pathways underlying the contents of the discipline and to know how to apply them prospectively to biomedical and physio-pathological topics

Educational objectives

General Objective
The know the relationship between structure and function of the tissues and during the human organogenesis

Specific objectives
To know the morphologic and functional organization of the histological structures of the human body and of the embryo.
To know the mechanisms regulating embryo development, the homeostasis and tissue regeneration
To be able to analyze, interpret and describe a histological preparation.
To be aware of the methodological and experimental pathways underlying the contents of the discipline and to know how to apply them prospectively to biomedical and physio-pathological topics

Educational objectives

General Objective
The know the relationship between structure and function of the tissues and during the human organogenesis

Specific objectives
To know the morphologic and functional organization of the histological structures of the human body and of the embryo.
To know the mechanisms regulating embryo development, the homeostasis and tissue regeneration
To be able to analyze, interpret and describe a histological preparation.
To be aware of the methodological and experimental pathways underlying the contents of the discipline and to know how to apply them prospectively to biomedical and physio-pathological topics

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

Basic Medical-Scientific Methodology
By the end of the course the student should:
- be aware of the variability inherent in biological, clinical and instrumental data;
- know how to organize data collection and set up a range of statistical techniques suitable for highlighting the influence of individual factors on the observed variability.
- be aware of the epistemological peculiarities of medicine and be oriented in their perception of the ethical and social dimensions of medical research and practice.
- know the language and way of thinking of economists.
- know the peculiarity of economic inquiry applied to health care.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

The course has the objective to provide the knowledge to understand our metabolism, how this is controlled under normalcy and altered in pathological conditions.
At the end of the course, the student must:
know the main metabolic pathways, their regulation at the molecular and cellular level, and their integration;
recognize the rationale that governs the intermediate metabolic fluxes;
be conscious that perturbations in the structures of biological macromolecules, which carry out reactions and which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, are at the onset of pathological cellular and systemic conditions.
know how specific hormonal cascades, via receptors binding and signal transduction, lead to a fine tuning of our metabolism at the whole organism level.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, students must know (1) how the organs and systems of the human body function in relation to homeostasis; (2) the dynamic integration of these organs and systems in relation to the conditions of rest and stress; (3) the general functional control mechanisms at feedback of them under normal conditions; (4) the main research techniques in the physiological field.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental bases of the structural and molecular organization and the functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- be able to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic characteristics, the pathogenetic mechanisms and the transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- to have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the relative defense mechanisms. The acquired knowledge must allow the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental bases of the structural and molecular organization and the functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- be able to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic characteristics, the pathogenetic mechanisms and the transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- to have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the relative defense mechanisms. The acquired knowledge must allow the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental bases of the structural and molecular organization and the functions of infectious agents of medical interest (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths);
- be able to recognize the most important morphological, metabolic, antigenic characteristics, the pathogenetic mechanisms and the transmission routes of pathogenic infectious agents;
- to have learned the relationship between microorganisms and host in human infections and the relative defense mechanisms. The acquired knowledge must allow the student to evaluate the pathogenic role of infectious agents and provide the indispensable basis for the study of clinical microbiology.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the Integrated Course
At the end of the course the student should:
- know the general principles of the approach to the patient and his disease;
- know the role of medicine and surgery in the context of Medicine;
- know the basics of the doctor-patient relationship;
- know the practical concepts of informed consent guidelines in both medicine and surgery;
- know the meaning and methodology of history taking and general objective examination in medicine and surgery;
- know the basics of deontology;
- know the concept of risk factors in major diseases;
- know the role of clinical psychology in medicine and its contribution in the doctor-patient relationship particularly in the patient with severe disabling diseases, the elderly and terminal patient;
- know basic concepts of community medicine;
- know the role of the NHS.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should:
• be familiar with the fundamental principles of general anatomy
• be able to apply anatomical knowledge to the medical profession
• understand the importance of the anatomical foundations learned for comprehending physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Formal Instructional Activities
The integrated course includes lectures on topics in Systematic Anatomy, with elements of Topographical, Radiological, and Clinical Anatomy.
Interactive teaching activities
Interactive activities require students to interpret macroscopic structures within the context of imaging-based anatomy and to identify microscopic anatomical specimens.
Elective activities:
Topics in functional and clinical anatomy will be covered across various disciplinary fields.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune response and their role in the defense against infectious agents and immunopathogenic reactions.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune response and their role in the defense against infectious agents and immunopathogenic reactions.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune response and their role in the defense against infectious agents and immunopathogenic reactions.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

At the end of the courses the student must:
- to acquire the clinical setting of internal medicine and general surgery concerning the monographic topics dealt with in the course and in the ADE;
- know how to collect the medical history and perform a general objective examination in their general lines;
- prove to be able to establish a correct doctor-patient relationship;
- know how to fill in a medical record and an outpatient card, know how to gather informed consent;
- to know the pathophysiology and the main foundations of instrumental diagnostics and of medical and surgical semeiotics, also in its advanced technology aspects;
- know the principles and methods of evidence-based medicine;
- be aware of the usefulness of the inferential statistical methodology for the synthesis and understanding of bio-medical phenomena;
- know the basics and methods of study of epidemiology;
- know how to use epidemiological data for the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and therapy.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - have acquired a thorough understanding of the most significant diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, from the perspectives of basic research, nosology, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical practice, within the context of a unified and comprehensive view of human pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - have acquired a thorough understanding of the most significant diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, from the perspectives of basic research, nosology, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical practice, within the context of a unified and comprehensive view of human pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - have acquired a thorough understanding of the most significant diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, from the perspectives of basic research, nosology, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical practice, within the context of a unified and comprehensive view of human pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - have acquired a thorough understanding of the most significant diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, from the perspectives of basic research, nosology, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical practice, within the context of a unified and comprehensive view of human pathology.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - have acquired a thorough understanding of the most significant diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, from the perspectives of basic research, nosology, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical practice, within the context of a unified and comprehensive view of human pathology.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the physical and technical fundamentals of the main diagnostic and interventional methods, including patient preparation for the examination and the procedures for performing them. - possess the knowledge of radiation protection necessary for evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of individual diagnostic examinations. - possess the knowledge necessary to identify diagnostic pathways for the study of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems - be familiar with the main clinical presentations detectable using the various methods.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the physical and technical fundamentals of the main diagnostic and interventional methods, including patient preparation for the examination and the procedures for performing them. - possess the knowledge of radiation protection necessary for evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of individual diagnostic examinations. - possess the knowledge necessary to identify diagnostic pathways for the study of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems - be familiar with the main clinical presentations detectable using the various methods.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the physical and technical fundamentals of the main diagnostic and interventional methods, including patient preparation for the examination and the procedures for performing them. - possess the knowledge of radiation protection necessary for evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of individual diagnostic examinations. - possess the knowledge necessary to identify diagnostic pathways for the study of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems - be familiar with the main clinical presentations detectable using the various methods.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the physical and technical fundamentals of the main diagnostic and interventional methods, including patient preparation for the examination and the procedures for performing them. - possess the knowledge of radiation protection necessary for evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of individual diagnostic examinations. - possess the knowledge necessary to identify diagnostic pathways for the study of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems - be familiar with the main clinical presentations detectable using the various methods.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the physical and technical fundamentals of the main diagnostic and interventional methods, including patient preparation for the examination and the procedures for performing them. - possess the knowledge of radiation protection necessary for evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of individual diagnostic examinations. - possess the knowledge necessary to identify diagnostic pathways for the study of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems - be familiar with the main clinical presentations detectable using the various methods.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, biological basis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, physical signs, diagnosis, prognosis) of the most common digestive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders in the general population. - be able to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the main laboratory and diagnostic tests for digestive, endocrine, and metabolic diseases and, based on symptoms, identify the most appropriate diagnostic pathway in terms of cost-benefit. - be able to communicate effectively with patients suffering from digestive, endocrine, or metabolic diseases, explaining the disease, prognosis, and treatment. The student must be able to provide the patient with all the information necessary for active involvement in disease management. - Be able to explain to the patient the rationale and risks of invasive diagnostic procedures and justify the request for informed consent. - Be able to collaborate with other healthcare professionals in patient management.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, biological basis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, physical signs, diagnosis, prognosis) of the most common digestive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders in the general population. - be able to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the main laboratory and diagnostic tests for digestive, endocrine, and metabolic diseases and, based on symptoms, identify the most appropriate diagnostic pathway in terms of cost-benefit. - be able to communicate effectively with patients suffering from digestive, endocrine, or metabolic diseases, explaining the disease, prognosis, and treatment. The student must be able to provide the patient with all the information necessary for active involvement in disease management. - Be able to explain to the patient the rationale and risks of invasive diagnostic procedures and justify the request for informed consent. - Be able to collaborate with other healthcare professionals in patient management.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, biological basis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, physical signs, diagnosis, prognosis) of the most common digestive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders in the general population. - be able to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the main laboratory and diagnostic tests for digestive, endocrine, and metabolic diseases and, based on symptoms, identify the most appropriate diagnostic pathway in terms of cost-benefit. - be able to communicate effectively with patients suffering from digestive, endocrine, or metabolic diseases, explaining the disease, prognosis, and treatment. The student must be able to provide the patient with all the information necessary for active involvement in disease management. - Be able to explain to the patient the rationale and risks of invasive diagnostic procedures and justify the request for informed consent. - Be able to collaborate with other healthcare professionals in patient management.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, biological basis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, physical signs, diagnosis, prognosis) of the most common digestive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders in the general population. - be able to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the main laboratory and diagnostic tests for digestive, endocrine, and metabolic diseases and, based on symptoms, identify the most appropriate diagnostic pathway in terms of cost-benefit. - be able to communicate effectively with patients suffering from digestive, endocrine, or metabolic diseases, explaining the disease, prognosis, and treatment. The student must be able to provide the patient with all the information necessary for active involvement in disease management. - Be able to explain to the patient the rationale and risks of invasive diagnostic procedures and justify the request for informed consent. - Be able to collaborate with other healthcare professionals in patient management.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should: - understand the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs in medical practice; - be able to write the main types of prescriptions; - be able to make a reasoned choice regarding the route of administration; - be able to correctly inform the patient of the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of the prescribed drug therapy; be able to assess the ethical and socioeconomic implications of prescribing drugs; - be aware of the therapeutic importance of the patient’s adherence to the chosen therapy and of the various factors that influence it, including the critical doctor-patient relationship.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

Essential objectives of the integrated course:
At the end of the course the student should:
- have understood the mechanisms responsible for the main diseases of the nervous system through the integration of basic (functional anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, histopathology) and clinical (history, clinical and instrumental neurological semeiotics) notions.
- know how to navigate the differential diagnosis of various forms of neurological pathology, knowing how to formulate, independently, both a correct clinical approach to the patient and an appropriate choice of the most appropriate instrumental investigations.
- know the prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative aspects of various neurological pathologies.
- know how to assess neurological disability and its impact on the patient's relational life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the biological basis, the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neoplastic pathologies
- know how to diagnose the related pathologies and know how to manage an oncological patient, know how to indicate the prognosis
- be aware of the human, social, health and organizational impacts of oncological pathology
- know the concepts of primary and secondary prevention of neoplasms and the basic concepts and primary objectives of surgical therapy
- know the pathophysiology of pain and the current guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain, highlighting the impact that this treatment has on the patient's quality of life.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the main etiologic, pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of immunologic, allergologic, and rheumatologic diseases and the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- know how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- know how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the main etiologic, pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of immunologic, allergologic, and rheumatologic diseases and the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- know how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- know how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the main etiologic, pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of immunologic, allergologic, and rheumatologic diseases and the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- know how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- know how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

Essential Objectives of the Integrated Course:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
- know the main etiologic, pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of immunologic, allergologic, and rheumatologic diseases and the most frequently encountered diseases of the hematopoietic system
- know how to evaluate the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio of therapeutic interventions
- know how to correctly inform the patient of the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of the proposed/prescribed therapy.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
During the lessons, students are provided with the necessary knowledge to adequately understand the function of the skin in both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
By the end of the lessons, the student should be able to recognize primary, secondary and pathognomonic lesions.
Furthermore, the student should be able to use appropriate scientific terminology specific to the field of dermato-venereology.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons the student should have acquired the necessary knowledge with which he/she will be able to make an early and accurate diagnosis of the most common diseases, lesions and disorders of the skin, cutaneous adnexa, semi-mucosae and mucosae, in all age groups. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the implementation of preventive and therapeutical measures in particular in the field of oncological dermatology, as well as in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the dermatology course is to prepare the student, future physician, to apply the aquired knowledge in future clinical practice.

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

Among the learning objectives of the Psychiatry course:
- knowledge on psychiatric nosology and epidemiology, on the biopsychosocial model of mental diseases, on the integration of psychiatry in the context of medical sciences;
- knowledge on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, aetiology and pathophysiology in relation to the major psychiatric diseases, including mood, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, eating, and personality disorders;
- knowledge on key topics for clinical psychiatry including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, differential diagnosis, mandatory hospitalizations, psychosomatic medicine, suicide risk.

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to: - recognize the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (rheumatic diseases), identify the main treatment approaches, and determine which conditions in this field require consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist - understand the main diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including aspects of medical, orthopedic, surgical, and physical therapy - be able to diagnose the main rheumatic, orthopedic, and traumatological diseases - be able to recognize the conditions in which a consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist is necessary.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to: - recognize the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (rheumatic diseases), identify the main treatment approaches, and determine which conditions in this field require consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist - understand the main diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including aspects of medical, orthopedic, surgical, and physical therapy - be able to diagnose the main rheumatic, orthopedic, and traumatological diseases - be able to recognize the conditions in which a consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist is necessary.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to: - recognize the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (rheumatic diseases), identify the main treatment approaches, and determine which conditions in this field require consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist - understand the main diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including aspects of medical, orthopedic, surgical, and physical therapy - be able to diagnose the main rheumatic, orthopedic, and traumatological diseases - be able to recognize the conditions in which a consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist is necessary.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to: - recognize the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (rheumatic diseases), identify the main treatment approaches, and determine which conditions in this field require consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist - understand the main diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including aspects of medical, orthopedic, surgical, and physical therapy - be able to diagnose the main rheumatic, orthopedic, and traumatological diseases - be able to recognize the conditions in which a consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist is necessary.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to: - recognize the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (rheumatic diseases), identify the main treatment approaches, and determine which conditions in this field require consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist - understand the main diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including aspects of medical, orthopedic, surgical, and physical therapy - be able to diagnose the main rheumatic, orthopedic, and traumatological diseases - be able to recognize the conditions in which a consultation with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist is necessary.

Educational objectives

From the art. 3 of Ministerial Decree (May 9, 2018 n. 58) the practical-evaluation training: the practical training is aimed at ascertaining the student's abilities related to knowing “how to do” and “how to be” a doctor. This consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in resolving ethical issues, in demonstrating aptitude to solve clinical problems related to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health, and to apply the principles of good and clear communication.

The practical training is based on 5 CFU for each month (to each CFU must correspond at least 20 hours of professionalizing teaching activity and no more than 5 hours of individual study) and is divided into the following periods, even non-consecutive: one month in the surgical area, one month in the medical area, one month in the area of general medicine, during the sixth year of the course, at the office of a general

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

Il corso intende sviluppare competenze interdisciplinari necessarie ai medici, che vanno da conoscenze ed abilità manageriali ed economiche alle principali nozioni di programmazione e sanità pubblica.
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competences needed by doctors, ranging from economic and managerial skills to the main elements of planning and public health.
By the end of the course, the student must:
• know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare at macro-level (healthcare systems); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations;
• acquire the basic concepts and relevant issues for health planning and management
• know how to study and consider the Patient as a social person

At the end of the course the student must:
• develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency
• be able to follow in given circumstances an economic logic different from the usual one applied by physicians
• know how to analyze problems related to health protection
• adopt a specific approach to the patient

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- possess the theoretical-practical knowledge on the physiopathology of the female reproductive function, on the endocrine and neoplastic dysfunctions of the female genital system, and on the physiopathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.
- knowing how to evaluate the main semiological elements of women of childbearing age, in pregnancy, and in the puerperium
- know the main methods of prevention of obstetric and gynecological pathology.
- be aware of the aims and limits of each therapeutic act in emergency conditions, promptly identifying the conditions that require the professional contribution of the specialist.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

By the end of the course the sudent must: Know the main legislative norms that regulate Health organization and the fundamentals of bioethics in the present-day problematic area, knowledge of ethical norms and different cultural models, the area of action of clinical bioethics and the concept of taking care of the patient. Be able to carry out medico-legal procedures; be able to make an ethical analysis of a case history and an evaluation of the doctor’s own behaviour in critical situations following the principles of medical ethics. Be aware of deontological obligations and responsibility in the practice of medicine and in the national area of the social security system. Be able to be a doctor who, respecting a person’s dignity, acts by safeguarding the health and welfare of the patient and of the community, using the limited resources available by law, aware of the need to respect the patient’s rights and autonomy but at the same time helping the patient to reach a decision aimed at what is best for him.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

The student will have to acquire the knowledge of non-specialist medical skills useful for the prevention of the state of health of the child and newborn, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies of developmental age.
In particular, he will have to acquire the skills related to the stabilization of the child's emergency / urgent pathologies.
At the end of the course he / she must also be able to evaluate the normal phases of the psycho-physical development of the infant, child and adolescent and the main pathologies in the field of nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, bronchopneumology, neuropsychiatry, surgery, nutrition, rheumatology, pediatric allergology and neonatology.

Educational objectives

Students will be able to explore topics of specific interest to gain greater expertise in their field of study.
The CCLM, upon the recommendation of the CTP (see) and faculty members, organizes the offering of elective courses, which may take the form of lectures, seminars, interactive small-group courses, or activities that are either standalone or linked within “coherent educational pathways,” from which students may choose their own options until they have earned a total of 8 credits.
Elective activities also include elective internships conducted in research laboratories or clinical departments worth at least one credit, held twice or three times a week, for a total of no fewer than 25 hours.
Types of ADEs - ADEs may be categorized as:
− Seminars, tutorials, monographic courses, certified participation in conferences and/or congresses (subject to authorization by the semester coordinator, the Dean’s Office, or the CTP), and discussion of clinical cases, including via telematic methods (understood as interactive learning courses in small groups aimed at facilitating better teacher-student interaction);
− Elective internships or clinical and laboratory tutorials in Italy and abroad (these must be considered as periods of intensive training, such as, for example, attendance in the operating room, delivery room, emergency room, or a research laboratory to achieve a specific objective).
ADE HOURS CREDITS
Single-discipline seminar/tutorial 2 0.20
Multidisciplinary seminar/tutorial ≥2 0.25–0.30
Elective clinical rotation 25 1
Monographic course Minimum 5 0.50

The following may also be considered elective educational activities: seminars, attendance at general practice clinics in accordance with agreements established with the faculty.
Student Selection of ADEs
Each student independently selects ADEs from the available educational offerings. ADEs must be scheduled at times that do not interfere with other forms of educational activity.

Certification and Evaluation of ADEs
Credits assigned to ADEs are awarded only upon 100% attendance.
ADEs may be organized throughout the entire year, even outside of regular academic terms.
For each elective course established, the CCLM appoints a Coordinator responsible for evaluating, according to defined procedures, the commitment demonstrated by individual students in achieving the defined learning objectives. Completed elective courses, along with their credits and evaluation, are certified by the instructor in a designated logbook or via a dedicated university software application.
The schedule of elective teaching activities is published before the start of the academic year, or in any case before the start of each teaching period, together with the schedule of required teaching activities.
Elective teaching constitutes an official activity of the faculty and, as such, is recorded in the class register.
The evaluation of the individual elective courses taken by the student is taken into account in the assignment of the final exam grade for the course that organized the respective elective courses.
Attendance at elective courses is mandatory for earning the credits required by the curriculum and may also be evaluated for the purpose of assigning a thesis.

Educational objectives

The graduation exam focuses on the discussion of a thesis elaborated in an original way by the student under the guidance of a supervisor; the figure of a co-supervisor may be envisaged. The discussion of the thesis will take place in front of a Commission appointed in compliance with the University teaching regulations and the teaching regulations of the Faculty and Master's Degree Course.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must:
- know the basics of geriatric medicine and gerontology, the socio-health consequences of ageing, the pathophysiology of ageing, the great geriatric syndromes of internal medicine and surgery, the clinical and ethical problems typical of the elderly patient, rehabilitation in geriatrics.
- know the risk factors, prevention, staging, therapy, indications for home, outpatient (primary care) or hospital treatment (in ordinary, sub-intensive and intensive hospitalization) and the methods of clinical follow-up and therapeutic of the major pathologies of the elderly
- identify reasoned diagnostic pathways which, starting from symptoms and/or guiding signs, allow the underlying geriatric pathology to be identified quickly and with certainty and consequently to set up the appropriate therapy with awareness of the relationship between benefits, risks and costs .
- know and be able to follow the guidelines concerning the Medical and Surgical Clinics and primary care in the field of Geriatrics.

Educational objectives

The MIUR decree 9 May 2028, n. 58 entitled Regulation containing the state exams for qualification to practice the profession of doctor-surgeon in art. 3 governed the evaluation internship carried out during the course of study.
The practical-evaluative internship is aimed at ascertaining the student's skills relating to the "know-how and knowing how to be a doctor" which consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in solving questions of professional ethics and medical ethics, in demonstrate aptitude for solving clinical problems relating to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health.