Management Engineering

• Structure of an electronic system and general information on signals. Block diagram of a generic electronic system and description of its main components and sub-systems: transducer, actuator, amplifier, power supply, analog and digital processing, A/D conversion. Pulse and power signals. Fourier and Laplace transforms, Fourier series. Analog and digital signals. Concepts of bandwidth, dynamics, power dissipation. • Elements of semiconductor physics: difference between metals, semiconductors and insulators; mobility, resistivity and conductivity; drift current; Fermi-Dirac distribution; concept of hole; n-type and p-type doping; mass-action law; diffusion current; Einstein relationships; concept of potential barrier; silicon lattice structure. • Amplifiers. Signal and power amplifiers in electronic systems: definition of voltage and power gain, instantaneous power and average power, efficiency. Ideal and real static trans-characteristic of an amplifier: input and output dynamic range. Bandwidth and fractional bandwidth. Transfer function. Bode diagram plots (modulus and phase) for constant term, monomial, binomial, and trinomial with discriminant < 0. • Operational amplifiers. Block diagram and ideality properties, inverting and non-inverting configuration. Differential amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, integrators and derivators built with op-amps. p-n junction diode: profile of fixed charge; electric field and electrostatic potential; description of the carrier flux in forward and reverse bias; current-voltage characteristic; concept of load line; large-signal models; assumed-state analysis of circuits including diodes; half-wave and full-wave rectifier; rectifier with capacitor filter; small-signal model and related circuit analysis. • Zener diode: Zener effect and avalanche multiplication; voltage regulator based on Zener diodes. • Bipolar junction transistor: structure and working principle; Ebers-Moll model and simplified linear models in the different operating regions; description of the transistor as a two-port network; common-emitter input and output characteristics; determination of the static and dynamic operating point through graphical analysis; large-signal analysis; derivation of the input-output characteristic of a common-emitter amplifier; small-signal equivalent circuit; bias point and voltage gain of a common-emitter amplifier; basic current mirror and current-mirror-based current source. • Field-effect transistor: structure and working principle of enhancement MOSFETs; large-signal square-law model; description of the transistor as a two-port network; common-source transfer and output characteristics; determination of the static and dynamic operating point through graphical analysis; large-signal analysis; derivation of the input-output characteristic of a common-source amplifier; small-signal equivalent circuit; bias point and voltage gain of a common-source amplifier; basic current mirror and current-mirror-based current source. • Feedback. Principles of feedback and basic configurations. Effects of feedback on gain value and stabilization, cut-off frequencies, input and output resistances. Analysis of configurations of the feedback voltage, current, transconductance and transresistance amplifiers. Analysis of the operational amplifier in inverting configuration as a feedback circuit. Negative and positive feedback, stability of a 2-port network in relation to the poles of its transfer function: hints at the sine wave oscillator. Circuits in positive feedback configuration: the Schmitt Trigger. The astable multivibrator as a square wave signal generator: period calculation. • Digital electronics: Boolean algebra (logic levels, fundamental operators and their symbols, fundamental theorems, De Morgan’s laws); binary functions; canonical expressions; Shannon’s expansion theorem; PLA devices; universal set of logic gates; minimal expressions; logic gates in CMOS technology; sequential circuits, synchronous Moore and Mealy state machines, latches, flip-flops and registers. • A/D and D/A converters: Principles of analog-to digital conversion: quantization error, sampling theorem. Flash and dual-slope A/D converters. D/A converters with weighted resistors and R-2R ladder.

Theory of linear circuits, fundamentals of electromagnetism and principles of differential calculus.

Adel Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Saunders College Publishing/Harcourt Brace, 3rd edition (1992). Jacob Millman, Arvin Grabel, Microelettronics, McGraw-Hill (1987). John Crowe, Barrie Hayes-Gill, Introduction to Digital Electronics, Butterworth-Heinemann (1998). Lecture notes provided by the teachers.

Attending the course is not compulsory, but it is strongly recommended.

Written test, consisting of exercises on the topics of the course.

Lectures and exercises.