Biology

Unit General introduction - 8 h Introduction to: symmetries, systems (tegumental, skeletal and locomotory, respiratory and circulatory, digestive, excretory, reproductive, nervous and sensorial). Briefs on life cycles, ecology, dispersal, behaviour, distribution, taxonomy. Unit Systematics - 56 h (including practices) Bauplan of the main protozoan and metazoan phyla and briefs on adaptive physiology in the studied phyla: respiration, osmoregulation, excretion, reproduction, locomotion, feeding, sensoriality, thermoregulation, resistance stages. Biological rhythms, migrations, orientation. 1. Protozoans. (Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans, Sarcodines) 2. Sponges (Calcisponges, Demosponges, Hyalosponges). 3. Cnidarians: Hydrozoa (Hydroids, Siphonophorans), Scyphozoa, Anthozoan (Hexacorals and Octocorals). Ctenophora. 4. Platyhelminthes (Turbellaria, Trematoda; Cestoda). Nematoda. Rotifera. 5. Mollusca (Caudofoveata and Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scafopoda) 6. Annelida (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hyrudinae). Echiurida. “Lophophorates” (Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Phoronida). 7. Onychophora. Arthropoda Chelicerata: Merostomata, Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites), Pycnogonida; Myriapoda (centipeds and millepedes). 8. Arthropoda Crustacea (Remipedia, Malacostraca (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Peracarida), Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Cladocera), Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda). 9. Arthropoda Collembola; Hexapoda (Insects): Ametabola (Tysanura); Heterometabola (Odonata, Efemeroptera, Phasmatodea, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Heteroptera and Homoptera); Holometabola (Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera). 10. Echinodermata (Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea). 11. Cordata Urochordata (Larvacea, Ascidiacea, Thaliacea), Cephalochordata, Vertebrata (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) Unit ecology and evolution - 12 h Ecology: biotic community and ecosystem, habitat, biotope, food chains and networks. Main biocoenoses (marine, freshwater and terrestrial). Reproduction: sexual reproduction, adaptive meaning and evolutionary aspects; primary and secondary sexual characters; sex determination; mating, external and internal fertilization; gonochorism and hermaphroditism. Metagenesis; partenogenesis and heterogony; neoteny and paedogenesis. Embryonal and post-embryonal development, metamorphosis. Agamic multiplication (‘asexual reproduction’). Variability, origin and adaptive/evolutionary aspects. Intraspecific interactions: colonies and societies; stimula and signals, communication, courtship, parental cares. Territorialism. Interspecific interactions: predation, competition, symbioses and parasitism. Domestication (artificial races). Coevolution. Adaptive colorations: cryptism, aposematism and mimetisms. Structure and dynamics of animal populations. Gene flow and dispersal mechanisms. Geographic variation, races. Species: concept and definition of Biological Species. Typological, nominal, adimensional and multidimensional species concepts. Biological Evolution and the origin of animal diversity. Synthetic theory of evolution. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution. Anagenesis and cladogenesis. Geographic and sympatric speciation. Reprductive isolation mechanisms. Natural selection, genetic drift, fournder effect and bottlenecks. Ecological niche, adaptive radiation. Convergent, parallel and divergent evolution. Principle of biogeography. Areals, patterns and dynamics. Relics (adaptive and conservative), endemism. Insular faunas. Principle and methods of biological systematics: homology and analogy, apomorphy and plesiomorphy, reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, taxon and category. Systematics, classification, taxonomy, use of characters. Zoological nomenclature. Briefs of history of evolutionary thought.

For a correct understanding of the body plans of animals, the knowledge of cell biology and histology is indispensable. For the understanding of the evolutionary topics of the general part of the course, it is also important the knowledge of the mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance.

Suggested textbooks Argano R., Boero F., Bologna M.A., Dallai R., Lanzavecchia G., Luporini P., Melone G., Sbordoni V., Scalera Liaci L., 2007. Zoologia - Evoluzione e adattamento Zoologia - Diversità animale Monduzzi Editore Cleveland P. Hickman, Susan L. Keen, David J. Eisenhour, Allan Larson, Helen Lanson, Vincenzo Arizza, Olimpia Coppellotti, Laura Guidolin, 2020. Zoologia; 18a Edizione. McGraw-Hill Casiraghi M., De Eguileor M., Cerrano C., Puce S., 2018. Zoologia; 1a Edizione. UTET Università

The course is carried out through 8 CFU of classroom lectures devoted at illustrating the body plans and the adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla. There are also planned laboratory practices (1 CFU) for the development of diagnostic-differential skills for the identification of zoological samples, and for the understanding of the relationships between morphology and functional adaptation.

The course is compulsory but attendance is optional although strongly recommended.

The exam includes a single oral interview. To pass the exam the student must obtain a grade of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the body plans, adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla, and to be able to identify zoological samples at the Class level. To achieve higher scores, up to 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired a thorough (up to excellent) knowledge of the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and coherent way, and to be capable of discuss a differential diagnosis of the taxonomic identification of the zoological samples.

Other available textbooks General zoology and systematics Wehner R., Gehring W., 1994. Zoologia. Zanichelli Dorit R.L., Walker W.F. Jr, Barnes R.D., 1997. Zoologia. Zanichelli Mitchell L.G., Mutchmor J.A., Dolphin W.D., 1991. Zoologia. Zanichelli Baccetti B. et al., 1993. Trattato italiano di zoologia. Zanichelli Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P., 1990. Invertebrati. Una nuova sintesi. Zanichelli Invertebrates and Vertebrates zoology Westheide W., Rieger R., 2011. Zoologia sistematica, Filogenesi e diversità degli animali. Zanichelli Pearse V., Pearse J., Buchsbaum M., Buchsbaum R., 1993. Invertebrati viventi. Zanichelli Brusca R.C., Brusca G.J., 1996. Invertebrati. Zanichelli. Ruppert E.E., Fox R.S., Barnes R.D., 2006. Zoologia degli Invertebrati. Piccin Pough H., Janis C., Heiser J., 2001. Zoologia dei vertebrati, 2a edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Zanichelli.

The course is carried out through 8 CFU of classroom lectures devoted at illustrating the body plans and the adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla. There are also planned laboratory practices (1 CFU) for the development of diagnostic-differential skills for the identification of zoological samples, and for the understanding of the relationships between morphology and functional adaptation.

Unit General introduction - 8 h Introduction to: symmetries, systems (tegumental, skeletal and locomotory, respiratory and circulatory, digestive, excretory, reproductive, nervous and sensorial). Briefs on life cycles, ecology, dispersal, behaviour, distribution, taxonomy. Unit Systematics - 56 h (including practices) Bauplan of the main protozoan and metazoan phyla and briefs on adaptive physiology in the studied phyla: respiration, osmoregulation, excretion, reproduction, locomotion, feeding, sensoriality, thermoregulation, resistance stages. Biological rhythms, migrations, orientation. 1. Protozoans. (Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans, Sarcodines) 2. Sponges (Calcisponges, Demosponges, Hyalosponges). 3. Cnidarians: Hydrozoa (Hydroids, Siphonophorans), Scyphozoa, Anthozoan (Hexacorals and Octocorals). Ctenophora. 4. Platyhelminthes (Turbellaria, Trematoda; Cestoda). Nematoda. Rotifera. 5. Mollusca (Caudofoveata and Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scafopoda) 6. Annelida (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hyrudinae). Echiurida. “Lophophorates” (Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Phoronida). 7. Onychophora. Arthropoda Chelicerata: Merostomata, Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites), Pycnogonida; Myriapoda (centipeds and millepedes). 8. Arthropoda Crustacea (Remipedia, Malacostraca (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Peracarida), Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Cladocera), Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda). 9. Arthropoda Collembola; Hexapoda (Insects): Ametabola (Tysanura); Heterometabola (Odonata, Efemeroptera, Phasmatodea, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Heteroptera and Homoptera); Holometabola (Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera). 10. Echinodermata (Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea). 11. Cordata Urochordata (Larvacea, Ascidiacea, Thaliacea), Cephalochordata, Vertebrata (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) Unit ecology and evolution - 12 h Ecology: biotic community and ecosystem, habitat, biotope, food chains and networks. Main biocoenoses (marine, freshwater and terrestrial). Reproduction: sexual reproduction, adaptive meaning and evolutionary aspects; primary and secondary sexual characters; sex determination; mating, external and internal fertilization; gonochorism and hermaphroditism. Metagenesis; partenogenesis and heterogony; neoteny and paedogenesis. Embryonal and post-embryonal development, metamorphosis. Agamic multiplication (‘asexual reproduction’). Variability, origin and adaptive/evolutionary aspects. Intraspecific interactions: colonies and societies; stimula and signals, communication, courtship, parental cares. Territorialism. Interspecific interactions: predation, competition, symbioses and parasitism. Domestication (artificial races). Coevolution. Adaptive colorations: cryptism, aposematism and mimetisms. Structure and dynamics of animal populations. Gene flow and dispersal mechanisms. Geographic variation, races. Species: concept and definition of Biological Species. Typological, nominal, adimensional and multidimensional species concepts. Biological Evolution and the origin of animal diversity. Synthetic theory of evolution. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution. Anagenesis and cladogenesis. Geographic and sympatric speciation. Reprductive isolation mechanisms. Natural selection, genetic drift, fournder effect and bottlenecks. Ecological niche, adaptive radiation. Convergent, parallel and divergent evolution. Principle of biogeography. Areals, patterns and dynamics. Relics (adaptive and conservative), endemism. Insular faunas. Principle and methods of biological systematics: homology and analogy, apomorphy and plesiomorphy, reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, taxon and category. Systematics, classification, taxonomy, use of characters. Zoological nomenclature. Briefs of history of evolutionary thought.

For a correct understanding of the body plans of animals, the knowledge of cell biology and histology is indispensable. For the understanding of the evolutionary topics of the general part of the course, it is also important the knowledge of the mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance.

Suggested textbooks Argano R., Boero F., Bologna M.A., Dallai R., Lanzavecchia G., Luporini P., Melone G., Sbordoni V., Scalera Liaci L., 2007. Zoologia - Evoluzione e adattamento Zoologia - Diversità animale Monduzzi Editore Cleveland P. Hickman, Susan L. Keen, David J. Eisenhour, Allan Larson, Helen Lanson, Vincenzo Arizza, Olimpia Coppellotti, Laura Guidolin, 2020. Zoologia; 18a Edizione. McGraw-Hill Casiraghi M., De Eguileor M., Cerrano C., Puce S., 2018. Zoologia; 1a Edizione. UTET Università

The course is carried out through 8 CFU of classroom lectures devoted at illustrating the body plans and the adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla. There are also planned laboratory practices (1 CFU) for the development of diagnostic-differential skills for the identification of zoological samples, and for the understanding of the relationships between morphology and functional adaptation.

The course is compulsory but attendance is optional although strongly recommended.

The exam includes a single oral interview. To pass the exam the student must obtain a grade of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the body plans, adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla, and to be able to identify zoological samples at the Class level. To achieve higher scores, up to 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired a thorough (up to excellent) knowledge of the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and coherent way, and to be capable of discuss a differential diagnosis of the taxonomic identification of the zoological samples.

Other available textbooks General zoology and systematics Wehner R., Gehring W., 1994. Zoologia. Zanichelli Dorit R.L., Walker W.F. Jr, Barnes R.D., 1997. Zoologia. Zanichelli Mitchell L.G., Mutchmor J.A., Dolphin W.D., 1991. Zoologia. Zanichelli Baccetti B. et al., 1993. Trattato italiano di zoologia. Zanichelli Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P., 1990. Invertebrati. Una nuova sintesi. Zanichelli Invertebrates and Vertebrates zoology Westheide W., Rieger R., 2011. Zoologia sistematica, Filogenesi e diversità degli animali. Zanichelli Pearse V., Pearse J., Buchsbaum M., Buchsbaum R., 1993. Invertebrati viventi. Zanichelli Brusca R.C., Brusca G.J., 1996. Invertebrati. Zanichelli. Ruppert E.E., Fox R.S., Barnes R.D., 2006. Zoologia degli Invertebrati. Piccin Pough H., Janis C., Heiser J., 2001. Zoologia dei vertebrati, 2a edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Zanichelli.

The course is carried out through 8 CFU of classroom lectures devoted at illustrating the body plans and the adaptive and evolutionary biology of the main animal Phyla. There are also planned laboratory practices (1 CFU) for the development of diagnostic-differential skills for the identification of zoological samples, and for the understanding of the relationships between morphology and functional adaptation.

Module General Introduction to: symmetries, systems (tegumental, skeletal and locomotory, respiratory and circulatory, digestive, excretory, reproductive, nervous and sensorial). Briefs on life cycles, ecology, dispersal, behaviour, distribution, taxonomy. Module Systematics Bauplan of the main protozoan and metazoan phyla and briefs on adaptive physiology in the studied phyla: respiration, osmoregulation, excretion, reproduction, locomotion, feeding, sensoriality, thermoregulation, resistance stages. Biological rhythms, migrations, orientation. 1. Protozoans. (Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans, Sarcodines) 2. Sponges (Calcisponges, Demosponges, Hyalosponges). 3. Cnidarians: Hydrozoa (Hydroids, Siphonophorans), Scyphozoa, Anthozoan (Hexacorals and Octocorals). Ctenophora. 4. Platyhelminthes (Turbellaria, Trematoda; Cestoda). Nematoda. Rotifera. 5. Mollusca (Caudofoveata and Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scafopoda) 6. Annelida (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hyrudinae). Echiurida. “Lophophorates” (Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Phoronida). 7. Onychophora. Arthropoda Chelicerata: Merostomata, Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites), Pycnogonida; Myriapoda (centipeds and millepedes). 8. Arthropoda Crustacea (Remipedia, Malacostraca (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Peracarida), Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Cladocera), Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda). 9. Arthropoda Collembola; Hexapoda (Insects): Ametabola (Tysanura); Heterometabola (Odonata, Efemeroptera, Phasmatodea, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Heteroptera and Homoptera); Holometabola (Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera). 10. Echinodermata (Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea). 11. Cordata Urochordata (Larvacea, Ascidiacea, Thaliacea), Cephalochordata, Vertebrata (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) Module Eco-Evolutionary Ecology: biotic community and ecosystem, habitat, biotope, food chains and networks. Main biocoenoses (marine, freshwater and terrestrial). Reproduction: sexual reproduction, adaptive meaning and evolutionary aspects; primary and secondary sexual characters; sex determination; mating, external and internal fertilization; gonochorism and hermaphroditism. Metagenesis; partenogenesis and heterogony; neoteny and paedogenesis. Embryonal and post-embryonal development, metamorphosis. Agamic multiplication (‘asexual reproduction’). Variability, origin and adaptive/evolutionary aspects. Intraspecific interactions: colonies and societies; stimula and signals, communication, courtship, parental cares. Territorialism. Interspecific interactions: predation, competition, symbioses and parasitism. Domestication (artificial races). Coevolution. Adaptive colorations: cryptism, aposematism and mimetisms. Structure and dynamics of animal populations. Gene flow and dispersal mechanisms. Geographic variation, races. Species: concept and definition of Biological Species. Typological, nominal, adimensional and multidimensional species concepts. Biological Evolution and the origin of animal diversity. Synthetic theory of evolution. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution. Anagenesis and cladogenesis. Geographic and sympatric speciation. Reproductive isolation mechanisms. Natural selection, genetic drift, fournder effect and bottlenecks. Ecological niche, adaptive radiation. Convergent, parallel and divergent evolution. Principle of biogeography. Areals, patterns and dynamics. Relics (adaptive and conservative), endemism. Insular faunas. Principle and methods of biological systematics: homology and analogy, apomorphy and plesiomorphy, reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, taxon and category. Systematics, classification, taxonomy, use of characters. Zoological nomenclature. Briefs of history of evolutionary thought.

The student is expected to know the basic knowledge of Cell Biology and Histology, and of Genetics, corresponding to the relevant courses of the first year.

Argano R., Boero F., Bologna M.A., Dallai R., Lanzavecchia G., Luporini P., Melone G., Sbordoni V., Scalera Liaci L., 2007. Zoologia - Evoluzione e adattamento Zoologia - Diversità animale Monduzzi Editore Hickman C.P. Jr., Roberts S., Keen S.L., Eisenhour D.J., Larson A., L’Anson H., 2012. Zoologia; 18a Edizione. McGraw-Hill Casiraghi M., De Eguileor M., Cerrano C., Puce S., 2018. Zoologia; 1a Edizione. UTET Università

The course is based on classroom lessons, and lab practices on zoological samples (in vivo & in vitro).

The course is mandatory, but attending the classes is facultative.

The exam aims to verify the level of knowledge of the topics. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths (minimum grade 18/30, maximum mark 30/30 with honors).

General and Systematic Zoology Wehner R., Gehring W., 1994. Zoologia. Zanichelli Dorit R.L., Walker W.F. Jr, Barnes R.D., 1997. Zoologia. Zanichelli Mitchell L.G., Mutchmor J.A., Dolphin W.D., 1991. Zoologia. Zanichelli Baccetti B. et al., 1993. Trattato italiano di zoologia. Zanichelli Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P., 1990. Invertebrati. Una nuova sintesi. Zanichelli Zoology of Invertebrates and Vertebrates Westheide W., Rieger R., 2011. Zoologia sistematica, Filogenesi e diversità degli animali. Zanichelli Pearse V., Pearse J., Buchsbaum M., Buchsbaum R., 1993. Invertebrati viventi. Zanichelli Brusca R.C., Brusca G.J., 1996. Invertebrati. Zanichelli. Ruppert E.E., Fox R.S., Barnes R.D., 2006. Zoologia degli Invertebrati. Piccin Pough H., Janis C., Heiser J., 2001. Zoologia dei vertebrati, 2a edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Zanichelli. Iconography for practices Sabelli B., 2009. Atlante di diversità e morfologia degli invertebrati. Piccin

The course is based on classroom lessons, and lab practices on zoological samples (in vivo & in vitro).

Module General Introduction to: symmetries, systems (tegumental, skeletal and locomotory, respiratory and circulatory, digestive, excretory, reproductive, nervous and sensorial). Briefs on life cycles, ecology, dispersal, behaviour, distribution, taxonomy. Module Systematics Bauplan of the main protozoan and metazoan phyla and briefs on adaptive physiology in the studied phyla: respiration, osmoregulation, excretion, reproduction, locomotion, feeding, sensoriality, thermoregulation, resistance stages. Biological rhythms, migrations, orientation. 1. Protozoans. (Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans, Sarcodines) 2. Sponges (Calcisponges, Demosponges, Hyalosponges). 3. Cnidarians: Hydrozoa (Hydroids, Siphonophorans), Scyphozoa, Anthozoan (Hexacorals and Octocorals). Ctenophora. 4. Platyhelminthes (Turbellaria, Trematoda; Cestoda). Nematoda. Rotifera. 5. Mollusca (Caudofoveata and Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scafopoda) 6. Annelida (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hyrudinae). Echiurida. “Lophophorates” (Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Phoronida). 7. Onychophora. Arthropoda Chelicerata: Merostomata, Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites), Pycnogonida; Myriapoda (centipeds and millepedes). 8. Arthropoda Crustacea (Remipedia, Malacostraca (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Peracarida), Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Cladocera), Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda). 9. Arthropoda Collembola; Hexapoda (Insects): Ametabola (Tysanura); Heterometabola (Odonata, Efemeroptera, Phasmatodea, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Heteroptera and Homoptera); Holometabola (Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera). 10. Echinodermata (Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea). 11. Cordata Urochordata (Larvacea, Ascidiacea, Thaliacea), Cephalochordata, Vertebrata (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) Module Eco-Evolutionary Ecology: biotic community and ecosystem, habitat, biotope, food chains and networks. Main biocoenoses (marine, freshwater and terrestrial). Reproduction: sexual reproduction, adaptive meaning and evolutionary aspects; primary and secondary sexual characters; sex determination; mating, external and internal fertilization; gonochorism and hermaphroditism. Metagenesis; partenogenesis and heterogony; neoteny and paedogenesis. Embryonal and post-embryonal development, metamorphosis. Agamic multiplication (‘asexual reproduction’). Variability, origin and adaptive/evolutionary aspects. Intraspecific interactions: colonies and societies; stimula and signals, communication, courtship, parental cares. Territorialism. Interspecific interactions: predation, competition, symbioses and parasitism. Domestication (artificial races). Coevolution. Adaptive colorations: cryptism, aposematism and mimetisms. Structure and dynamics of animal populations. Gene flow and dispersal mechanisms. Geographic variation, races. Species: concept and definition of Biological Species. Typological, nominal, adimensional and multidimensional species concepts. Biological Evolution and the origin of animal diversity. Synthetic theory of evolution. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution. Anagenesis and cladogenesis. Geographic and sympatric speciation. Reproductive isolation mechanisms. Natural selection, genetic drift, fournder effect and bottlenecks. Ecological niche, adaptive radiation. Convergent, parallel and divergent evolution. Principle of biogeography. Areals, patterns and dynamics. Relics (adaptive and conservative), endemism. Insular faunas. Principle and methods of biological systematics: homology and analogy, apomorphy and plesiomorphy, reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, taxon and category. Systematics, classification, taxonomy, use of characters. Zoological nomenclature. Briefs of history of evolutionary thought.

The student is expected to know the basic knowledge of Cell Biology and Histology, and of Genetics, corresponding to the relevant courses of the first year.

Argano R., Boero F., Bologna M.A., Dallai R., Lanzavecchia G., Luporini P., Melone G., Sbordoni V., Scalera Liaci L., 2007. Zoologia - Evoluzione e adattamento Zoologia - Diversità animale Monduzzi Editore Hickman C.P. Jr., Roberts S., Keen S.L., Eisenhour D.J., Larson A., L’Anson H., 2012. Zoologia; 18a Edizione. McGraw-Hill Casiraghi M., De Eguileor M., Cerrano C., Puce S., 2018. Zoologia; 1a Edizione. UTET Università

The course is based on classroom lessons, and lab practices on zoological samples (in vivo & in vitro).

The course is mandatory, but attending the classes is facultative.

The exam aims to verify the level of knowledge of the topics. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths (minimum grade 18/30, maximum mark 30/30 with honors).

General and Systematic Zoology Wehner R., Gehring W., 1994. Zoologia. Zanichelli Dorit R.L., Walker W.F. Jr, Barnes R.D., 1997. Zoologia. Zanichelli Mitchell L.G., Mutchmor J.A., Dolphin W.D., 1991. Zoologia. Zanichelli Baccetti B. et al., 1993. Trattato italiano di zoologia. Zanichelli Barnes R.S.K., Calow P., Olive P., 1990. Invertebrati. Una nuova sintesi. Zanichelli Zoology of Invertebrates and Vertebrates Westheide W., Rieger R., 2011. Zoologia sistematica, Filogenesi e diversità degli animali. Zanichelli Pearse V., Pearse J., Buchsbaum M., Buchsbaum R., 1993. Invertebrati viventi. Zanichelli Brusca R.C., Brusca G.J., 1996. Invertebrati. Zanichelli. Ruppert E.E., Fox R.S., Barnes R.D., 2006. Zoologia degli Invertebrati. Piccin Pough H., Janis C., Heiser J., 2001. Zoologia dei vertebrati, 2a edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Zanichelli. Iconography for practices Sabelli B., 2009. Atlante di diversità e morfologia degli invertebrati. Piccin

The course is based on classroom lessons, and lab practices on zoological samples (in vivo & in vitro).