Chemical Sciences

Educational objectives

Students at the end of the course will be able:
1. To know the most common chemical elements, their properties and the way they behave in simple chemical reactions, being able to solve exercises on stoichiometric calculations and equilibrium reactions in solution;
2. To apply the basic chemical knowledge to correlate the macroscopic properties and the elemental structure of matter at the level of chemical elements and simple molecules;
3. To know the principal classes of substances (acids, bases and salts) and their behaviour in acqueous solutions by applying fundamental thermodynamic properties;
4. To communicate the acquired theoretical and experimental knowledges;
5. To perform basic experimental chemical operations, following safe procedures;
6. To understand qualitative and quantitative aspects of chemical transformations, as described in lessons, tutorials and experimental work in laboratory;
7. To use reference basic chemistry manuals and handbooks to understand more advanced chemical courses.

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the students will know and understand:
a) the basic facts about numerical sets;
b) the idea of limit for sequences of real numbers;
c) the idea of limit for functions of one real variable;
d) the idea of continuous, differentiable, integrable function;
e) the idea of approximations of functions of one real variable using polynomials;
f) the idea of ordinary differential equation of first and second order.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
a) apply the basic topological properties of the real line;
b) calculate limits of sequences and of functions;
c) establish both qualitative and quantitative properties of functions of one real variable (monotonicity, minima and maxima...) in bounded and unbounded intervals;
d) calculate integrals of functions of one real variable defined on intervals;
e) calculate approximate values of functions of one real variable;
f) solve linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order.

3) Making judgements
During the lessons, several exercise sheets will be distributed to the students, as well as auto-evaluation tests.
Thanks to the autonomous resolution of the exercises, and the subsequent correction in the classroom, the students
will acquire both the ability to evaluate their knowledge and the ability to tackle similar problems.

4) Communication skills
The written form of the exercises, assigned either during lessons or during the written test, and the oral exam will allow the students to evaluate their skill in correctly communicating the knowledges acquired during the course.

5) Learning skills
At the end of the course the students will be able to generalize to more complex cases the basic knowldeges of mathematical analysis; such skill is acquired by means of several "theoretical-type" exercises assigned during the course.

Educational objectives

The main purpose of the course is to give the student a good knowledge of the basic theory of Differential and Integral Calculus of Functions of several variables, as well as of Linear Algebra.

Specific objectives :

Knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course the student will have learned the basic theory to study functions of several variables both with scalar or vector values. Moreover he/she will be able to study simple linear maps between vector spaces.

Applications : at the end of the course the student will be able to solve simple problems which require the use of the differential and integral calculus . In particular he /she will be able to find extremals of functions of several variables and also determine the potential of a vector field. Moreover he/she will have the ability to solve linear systems.

Critical abilities: the student will have the basic knowledge to understand the mathematical tools necessary to study Chemistry and Physics and the way to derive some formulas used in these fields.

Communication skills: the student will have the ability to expose the topics studied in written and in oral form.

Learning skills: the course will improve the logical abilities and of learning of various scientific disciplines.

Educational objectives

Lectures have the aim of providing students with the elemental conceptual means by which they can comprehend the meaning of the most common practice in qualitative chemical analysis performed by classical methods. Such conceptual means allow to foresee and evaluate the results by application of the principia governing chemical equilibria in solution. Laboratory experiences aim at providing the knowledge of the most elementary laboratory operations and developing the capacity to apply the theoretical concepts to the experimental activity.

Dublin Descriptor 1 (knowledge and understanding): at the end of the course the student is provided with the basic knowledge, both theoretical and of laboratory practice, to comprehend the meaning of the most common operations in the qualitative chemical analysis by classical methods, i.e. by exploiting in solution and heterogeneous equilibria.

Dublin Descriptor 2 (applying knowledge and understanding): at the end of the course the student is enabled to understand and practically deal with phenomena related to the most important chemical equilibria (acid-base, complexation and precipitation equilibria), as well as to apply the knowledge about solubilisation and precipitation to the qualitative determination of chemical species and their transformations.

Dublin Descriptor 3(making judgements): at the end of the course the student has developed the capacity of critically evaluating the adequacy of data obtained from a numerical exercise or from the result of a laboratory experiment. Such capacity is developed by educational exercises explained during lectures and laboratory experiences.

Dublin Descriptor 4 (communication skills): at the end of the course the student has developed the capacity of communicating, by written or oral reports, the knowledge acquired and the experimental data from laboratory experiences, by using the appropriate language, a logical exposure sequence and synthesis capacity.

Dublin Descriptor 5 (learning skills): at the end of the course the student is stimulated to further delve into the investigated topics, also creating links among different subjects.

Educational objectives

The Inorganic Chemistry I course aims to provide fundamental knowledge and basic principles for the study of Chemical Sciences, highlighting the correlations between chemical structure and properties of the molecules. The main objective of the course is to provide the tools to understand the chemical bond, in particular the covalent chemical bond, ionic, metallic, coordination and the main intermolecular interactions. The frontal lessons are developed starting from the structure of the atom, arriving at the study of the formation of the molecules allowing the student to acquire skills in the understanding of the chemical bond. A further objective is to supply a wide survey, based on the analysis of the most important compounds formed by the elements of the periodic table groups, in order to support the knowledge of the chemical bond developed in the first portion of the course.

Expected learning outcomes:
1) Knowledge and ability to understand
The knowledge and skills acquired in this teaching will constitute a framework for the subsequent study.
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
i) the atomic structure, and in particular the meaning of atomic orbitals.
ii) the main models for the interpretation of covalent, ionic, metallic and coordination chemical bonds.
iii) intermolecular interactions and basic models for solid state interpretation;
2) Applied Knowledge and understanding skills
Students will be able to understand the binding models in coordination compounds and advanced topics related to the study of the systematic and reactivity of the elements and main compounds of the block s and p.

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding
The "Fisica 1” course provides the knowledge of the fundamental laws of classical particle Mechanics, classical system Mechanics, with particular focus on kinematics, dynamics, and conservation laws.
An introduction to error theory and the statistical treatment of uncertainties in various types of measurements of physical interest are also provided.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will learn how to use the scientific method up to the modeling required to solve simple problems related to the knowledge acquired during the course.

3) Making judgements
At the end of the course the students will develop quantitative reasoning abilities and problem-solving skills, which represents the basis to study, model, and understand the world around us.

4) Communication skills
The student will learn how to comunicate the knowledge acquired during the course by:
- interaction with teacher during office hours
- course tests

These targets will be obtained with lectures and exercises in classroom.
--

Educational objectives

The course aims to teach theoretical knowledge and laboratory skills related to the study of systems and processes from a thermodynamic point of view. Therefore, theoretical models for the study of equilibrium systems will be developed and the related demonstrations will be discussed. Furthermore, laboratory experiments related to some thermodynamic topics will be carried out, in order to consolidate the theoretical knowledge and acquire the ability to elaborate experimental data.
At the end of the course, as regards essential knowledge, the student must have acquired skills regarding the general principles of thermodynamics and the chemical-physical properties of gas, liquid, solid and solutions systems. In particular, it will have to know the thermodynamic quantities involved and their physical significance at the macroscopic level. The thermodynamic aspects of a process must be clearly understood. The student is expected to have the ability to: i) discern the thermodynamic aspects from the kinetic aspects among those that govern events; ii) select the equations and formulas most suitable for solving quantitative problems; iii) to understand how to measure a thermodynamic quantity (Dublin descriptors 1 and 2).
Laboratory experiences with related reports and classroom exercises are expected to be able to convey to the student the logical approach to the problems, the ability to synthesize and communicate the learned concepts with appropriate language (descriptors of Dublin 3 and 4) . Through the laboratory experiences and continuous references, made in the lectures, to phenomena that are daily manifested in human life, it will be provided solid scientific bases for the understanding of processes that take place in various areas and for their independent deepening by the student (Dublin descriptor 5).

Educational objectives

The course will provide students with knowledge of the main classes of monofunctional organic compounds, accompanied by the general principles which determine the relationships between structure and reactivity, both in kinetic and thermodynamic sense. The course will also provide the basic principles of organic synthesis.

General aim: students will develop an appropriate knowledge and understanding of the reactivity of the principal organic compounds, with particular attention to the possible competition among reaction mechanisms as a function of the specific structure of the substrate

One specific aim of this teaching is that the students will develop an acquaintance of the organic structures such as to enable them a forecast of the functional group reactivity linked to the specific structure.

At the end of this teaching course the student will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to a successful attendance to the subsequent courses of organic chemistry in the first level academic track, and for a successful continuation of the academic career.

The final written test will enable an evaluation of acquired knowledge to solve problems in new or unfamiliar areas

The final oral test will enable an evaluation of the communication skill of the student, based on the appropriate development and use of the scientific language.

Educational objectives

The student should understand that "doing" a chemical analysis involves choices. These will be
correct only if, in addition to having a broad and clear picture of the analytical techniques and
methods available, one is also able to interpret principles, fields of applicability and limitations,
so to be able to check and possibly modify them to take into account the needs of specific
analyses.
EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS:
1) Knowledge and ability to understand
The course is aimed at giving students the basic principles of quantitative chemical analysis of
inorganic species (cations and anions) present in samples with an "approximately" known
composition. Starting from the knowledge acquired in the courses of general chemistry and
analytical chemistry I with laboratory, students will deepen the study of chemical equilibria in
solution and their application in the quantification of different analytes through volumetric and
gravimetric techniques.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding skills
Through numerical and laboratory (individual) exercises, the course aims to develop in students
the "analytical sensitivity" indispensable for the preparation and experimental execution of any
chemical analysis.
3) Autonomy of Judgment
During the course, the students carry out individual laboratory tests, in which they are asked to
apply the knowledge they have acquired to the practical analysis of unknown samples. In carrying
out these tests, students will have to critically evaluate every aspect of the execution of the
analysis itself and the results obtained and, at the end of each experience, deliver a written report.
4) Communication Skills
As indicated in the previous point, each laboratory experience is accompanied by the writing of a
report that helps the student to identify the key steps of the analysis just carried out and that,
therefore, develop his/her ability to critically discuss a topic.
5) Learning Ability
The combination of course topics and laboratory experiences, organized in a way to present
students with problems of increasing complexity and to identify, in each of the analyses
specifically discussed, those points which can be generalized to other problems, is designed to
make students acquire a method and a rigor that they will then be able to apply in their
subsequent training and professional experience.

Educational objectives

1) The student will acquire a thorough knowledge of the electromagnetic interaction, forces between charges, formal treatment of the fields and their mutual induction.

2) The student will be able to study the electric and magnetic nature of matter, know the electromagnetic nature of light and the basic treatment of physical optics.

3) Thanks to the classroom lessons and the help of written exam tests, the student will develop an adequate autonomy of judgment, as he will be able to analyze his work comparing it to the test solutions, which will be subsequently made available on the e-learning platform.

4) The acquisition of adequate skills and communication tools will be realized and verified especially during the disciplinary tests, which will contribute to the development of communication skills by the student.

5) The acquisition of adequate skills and communication tools will be realized and verified especially during the disciplinary tests, which will contribute to the development of communication skills by the student.

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge and ability to understand
The aim of the course is to acquire the basic physical chemistry knowledge about the structure of atomic and molecular systems that is a prerequisites for the understanding of complex chemical systems and spectroscopic techniques. The knowledge acquired during the course is represented by basic quantum mechanics and its application in chemistry.
2) Applied Knowledge and understanding skills
Through the teaching of the elements of quantum mechanics as applied to molecular systems, the course provides students with the conceptual tools to understand how, starting from the behavior of the basic constituents of matter (nuclei and electrons), the language of modern chemistry emerges in terms of atoms, chemical bonds, molecules, aggregates and substances.
3) Autonomy of Judgment
There are several (in class) sessions of exercises aimed at the development of students' critical abilities towards the practical implications of the theory.
4) Communication Skills
The course, apart from the final oral evaluation, includes 2 intermediate self-evaluation tests that allow students to express what they have learned.
5) Learning Ability
The skills acquired are needed to understand how the complex language of modern chemistry, even in its endeless variations, derives from rigorous physical principles.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the Student with the basic knowledge of Macromolecular Science. Definitions and classifications of Macromolecules will be discussed as well as polymerization mechanisms and processes, their properties in solution, morphological aspects of the solid state, thermal behaviors, mechanical and rheological properties. The student will acquire skills regarding basic principles and terminology of Macromolecular Science, polymerization mechanisms and processes, the different types of polymer chains, macromolecular stereochemistry, their molecular weight characteristics (heterogeneity and distribution, methods of determination) and average size, thermodynamics of polymer solutions, the molten and solid state of polymeric materials, their crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties and elastic and viscoelastic rheological behaviors, as well as on classical thermodynamics and statistics of the ideal elastomer. Laboratory experiments are also planned to acquire further skills regarding the synthesis and characterization of polymers.

Finally, the students will gain ability to face challenges of the Chemical Industry of polymer materials thanks to their knowledge about correlations between structure and physical properties of polymers as well as will possess the necessary background to attend specialist courses to continue its academic formation.

Educational objectives

The aim of the teaching is to complete the preparation of the students initiated in the first course of
organic chemistry. This goal will be reached with the acquisition of the basic principles of organic chemistry
related to the topics not treated in the first course of organic chemistry (heterocyclic compounds, enolates,
enamines, biomolecules, pericyclic reactions, reductions and oxidations). At the end of the course the
students will gain a complete knowledge of the basic principles of organic chemistry that will be applied
with a high degree of autonomy in the advanced course of organic chemistry.

Educational objectives

The course contributes to the achievement of the training objectives set out in the Manifesto of Studies of the Bachelor Degree in Chemical Sciences.
In particular, the course aims to provide students with the basic knowledge related to the phenomena of transport of heat, matter and momentum in order to:
a) select the separation / purification operations of material stream based on their chemical-physical characteristics;
b) dimension the equipment to perform unit separation operations based on thermodynamic properties;
c) size the equipment to perform the heat exchange;
d) apply a kinetic or equilibrium approach in the design of the equipment to perform unit operations of a physical nature.
Students who have passed the examination will have known and understood (descriptor 1: acquired knowledge):
• Fundamentals on the phenomena of transport of heat, matter and momentum
• Fundamentals and main types of unit separation operations based on thermodynamic properties
• Fundamentals of unitary heat exchange operations
• Fundamentals of equipment design for unit operations
Students who have passed the examination will be able to (descriptor 2 - acquired skills):
• select from the various options the separation / purification operations most suitable for the characteristics of the materials to be treated
• sizing preliminarily equipment for matter transfer (absorption columns, plate distillation columns, number of stages in solvent extraction)
• preliminarily size heat exchange equipment (concentric tube heat exchangers , plate heat exchangers and tube bundle heat exchangers)

Along with lectures, participation to in class demonstrations and numerical exercises with self-employment of written reports on the studied topics will allow to get the acquisition of these skills and to increase and evaluate the critical skills and judgment (descriptor 3) and the ability to communicate what has been learned (descriptor 4)

Educational objectives

Knowledge and ability to understand
The course aims to provide the fundamentals of spectroscopic techniques illustrating their application to the structural characterization of organic molecules. It also aims to give students the experimental aspects related to the synthesis of simple organic molecules and their spectroscopic characterization. The student should demonstrate knowledge of the theoretical foundations of spectroscopic techniques.

Applying knowledge and understanding
The training course is aimed at transmitting the operational skills necessary to fully use the methodological tools to conduct simple organic reactions in the laboratory. In addition, the student must be able to solve problems concerning structural analysis by combining the contribution of the individual techniques illustrated in the course (NMR, MS, IR and UV) in order to determine the structure of organic compounds.

Making judgements
The student must be able to autonomously analyze simple spectra of unknown organic compounds and be able to predict the possible structures suggested by them and, by reasoning, to arrive at the solution. The student must know how to conduct simple organic reactions independently.

Communicatio skills
The student must be able to clearly and appropriately illustrate the approach to the structural determination of simple organic compounds, obtained through the spectroscopies studied, and to know how to expose the aims and potentials of the discipline even in interdisciplinary contexts in the face of specialists and non-interlocutors

Lifelong learning skills
The student must have as objective the comprehension in autonomy of a text, in English too, that deals with topics of general interest proper to the organic chemistry, provided they are relevant to those foreseen by the program of the course; of scientific seminars on various topics of general relevance for organic chemistry; the needs of companies and other professionals in the world of work in terms of knowledge, skills and abilities and possible areas of application.

Educational objectives

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The students will acquire the knowledge necessary for the understanding of the structures and functions of the living matter in molecular terms. Structures and functions of proteins, lipids, phospholipids. the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methods Structure-function relationship of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins. Biological membranes and transport systems. The most important metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids: mechanisms of enzymic reactions, Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Mechanisms of regulation of metabolic pathways, production and conservation of energy. Some aspects of the forefront research in biochemistry will also be illustrated, supported by advanced textbooks.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The lectures cover all the topics of the programme. The knowledge and the understanding of the single topics will be consolidated through discussions regarding the conceptual and methodological approaches used in the studies on the metabolic reactions and on the connections among the metabolic pathways.The students will gain an insight into the relevance of the knowledge of biochemistry for organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, analytical chemistry and biotechnology. Specific examples of such applications will be illustrated. Moreover, examples of problems which can be solved only by applying the knowledge on the enzymic mechanisms, will be proposed. The students will be asked to tackle the problems and to put forward the ideas on the possible solutions.
MAKING JUDGEMENTS
The discussions on the topics regarding the programme, presented in an interdisciplinary framework, together with the acquired knowledge, will help to develop the ability to make autonomous judgements, to gather and interpret relevant data regarding issues in biochemistry.

Educational objectives

The educational objectives that this course intends to achieve include:
- Learning of the problems related to the sampling and extraction techniques preliminary to liquid chromatography.
- Understanding of the fundamentals of the main instrumental techniques (chromatographic, spectrophotometric and electrochemical).
- Revision and improvement of the knowledge about the key parameters necessary for the validation of an analytical method.
After completing the course, organized in lectures followed by practical lab exercises, students will be able to:
- organize the development and validation of an analytical method for trace analysis in different types of real matrices, planning the extraction procedure, chromatographic separation and detection;
- carry on a quantitative analysis and statistical treatment of results.
- interpret UV-Vis and MS spectra.