Physics

The first part of the course is dedicated to analog circuits with transistors and OpAmp [27 hours] The second part is dedicated to digital circuits and Arduino microcontroller [27 hours] The course includes laboratory activities [36 hours]

a) It is fundamental to know the basics of classical electromagnetism acquired in the first two years of bachelor's degree. b) It is important to have basic knowledge of circuits with passive components (R, C, L) provided by the “circuits” course in the second year of the bachelor's degree c) It is useful to have good knowledge on the use of oscilloscopes and multimeters and of the treatment of experimental uncertainties.

Andrea Nigro: "Segnali e Sistemi: Elettronica per studenti di Fisica", Amazon

The course is constituted for about 2⁄3 of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

It is recommended to attend the classes, it is however compulsory to attend the 9 laboratory experiences. It is necessary to attend at least 8 laboratory experiences to pass the exam. A single laboratory experience can be redone in case a student does not reach the 8 experiences.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in all three evaluation tests. It is necessary to demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of both analog and digital basic circuits, to be able to design and assemble simple analog and digital circuits, and to have basics knowledge of oscilloscope and multimeter usage. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of the topics covered in both analogue and digital electronics, that he is able to design circuits involving the combination of the two types, and that he knows how to use the circuits to solve automation or control problems. He must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of laboratory instrumentation. The determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements: 1. Written reports of laboratory experiences 50% The laboratory experiences are performed in small groups and have the aim of constructing and performing simple measurements on some of the circuits discussed in the course. The written reports, are short document, where the experimental results obtained summarised and compared with expectations from the models developed during lessons. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; 2. Written exam or oral exam 25% The oral exam consists of an interview on the topics illustrated in the course. To pass the exam the students should be able to present a topic or analyze a circuit among those proposed during the course and to apply the methods learned in situations similar to those already discussed. The evaluation will take into account: - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; - Ability to elaborate the concepts learned in the development of original projects. 3. Individual laboratory experience 25% The individual laboratory experience consists in the assembly of a circuit and some simple measures. The student will present a short written report at the end of the experience. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation;

- P.Horowitz - W.Hill: The Art of Electronics - Cambridge University Press - Microelectronics (Second Edition) Arvin Grabel,Jacob Millman Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2001

The course is constituted for about 2⁄3 of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

The first part of the course is dedicated to analog circuits with transistors and OpAmp [27 hours] The second part is dedicated to digital circuits and Arduino microcontroller [27 hours] The course includes laboratory activities [36 hours]

a) It is fundamental to know the basics of classical electromagnetism acquired in the first two years of bachelor's degree. b) It is important to have basic knowledge of circuits with passive components (R, C, L) provided by the “circuits” course in the second year of the bachelor's degree c) It is useful to have good knowledge on the use of oscilloscopes and multimeters and of the treatment of experimental uncertainties.

Andrea Nigro: "Segnali e Sistemi: Elettronica per studenti di Fisica", Amazon

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

Lab work.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in all three evaluation tests. It is necessary to demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of both analog and digital basic circuits, to be able to design and assemble simple analog and digital circuits, and to have basics knowledge of oscilloscope and multimeter usage. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of the topics covered in both analogue and digital electronics, that he is able to design circuits involving the combination of the two types, and that he knows how to use the circuits to solve automation or control problems. He must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of laboratory instrumentation. The determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements: 1. Written reports of laboratory experiences 50% The laboratory experiences are performed in small groups and have the aim of constructing and performing simple measurements on some of the circuits discussed in the course. The written reports, are short document, where the experimental results obtained summarised and compared with expectations from the models developed during lessons. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; 2. Written exam or oral exam 25% The oral exam consists of an interview on the topics illustrated in the course. To pass the exam the students should be able to present a topic or analyze a circuit among those proposed during the course and to apply the methods learned in situations similar to those already discussed. The evaluation will take into account: - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; - Ability to elaborate the concepts learned in the development of original projects. 3. Individual laboratory experience 25% The individual laboratory experience consists in the assembly of a circuit and some simple measures. The student will present a short written report at the end of the experience. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation;

- P.Horowitz - W.Hill: The Art of Electronics - Cambridge University Press - Microelectronics (Second Edition) - Arvin Grabel,Jacob Millman Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2001

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

1. Analog signal analysis: Fourier series and Fourier transform, Laplace transform, passive filters, transfer function, Bode plot, linear circuits, Thevenin and Norton theorems. [5 hours] 2. Semiconductors: doping, p-n junction, diode, resistor-diode circuit, BJT transistor, transistor polarization, transistor characteristics, common emitter amplifier, emitter follower, small-signal models, frequency response, Miller theorem, 2-stage amplifier, polarisation with two voltage sources. [11 hours] 3. Operational amplifier (OP-AMP): ideal OP-AMP, slew-rate, inverting and non-inverting amplifier, integrator and differentiator circuits, differential amplifier, analog adder circuit, active filters. Introduction to electronic noise. [5 hours] 4. Digital electronics: Boole algebra, logic circuits, Karnaugh maps, TTL family, combinational circuits, flip-flop, counters, DAC and ADC converters. [5 hours] 5. The Arduino micro controller: ATMEL micro controller, Arduino DUE and PC programming. [2 hours] 6. DSP (Digital Signal Processing): signal sampling, Nyquist-Shannon theorem, aliasing, Digital Fourier Transform (DFT). [2 hours] 7. The course includes laboratory activities [36 hours]

a) It is fundamental to know the basics of classical electromagnetism acquired in the first two years of bachelor's degree. b) It is important to have basic knowledge of circuits with passive components (R, C, L) provided by the “circuits” course in the second year of the bachelor's degree c) It is useful to have good knowledge on the use of oscilloscopes and multimeters and of the treatment of experimental uncertainties.

Andrea Nigro, Segnali e Sistemi (in italian), Amazon; Professor notes (in italian). Other books: - P.Horowitz - W.Hill: L'arte dell'elettronica - Zanichelli 2018 - Microelectronics (Second Edition) Arvin Grabel,Jacob Millman Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2001

The course is constituted for about 2⁄3 of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

It is mandatory to partecipate to the nine experimental sessions in Laboratory.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in all three evaluation tests. It is necessary to demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of both analog and digital basic circuits, to be able to design and assemble simple analog and digital circuits, and to have basics knowledge of oscilloscope and multimeter usage. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of the topics covered in both analogue and digital electronics, that he is able to design circuits involving the combination of the two types, and that he knows how to use the circuits to solve automation or control problems. He must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of laboratory instrumentation. The determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements: 1. Written reports of laboratory experiences 50% The laboratory experiences are performed in small groups and have the aim of constructing and performing simple measurements on some of the circuits discussed in the course. The written reports, are short document, where the experimental results obtained summarised and compared with expectations from the models developed during lessons. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; 2. Written exam or oral exam 25% The oral exam consists of an interview on the topics illustrated in the course. To pass the exam the students should be able to present a topic or analyze a circuit among those proposed during the course and to apply the methods learned in situations similar to those already discussed. The evaluation will take into account: - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; - Ability to elaborate the concepts learned in the development of original projects. 3. Individual laboratory experience 25% The individual laboratory experience consists in the assembly of a circuit and some simple measures. The student will present a short written report at the end of the experience. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation;

The course is constituted for about 2⁄3 of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

The first part of the course is dedicated to analog circuits with transistors and OpAmp [27 hours] The second part is dedicated to digital circuits and Arduino microcontroller [27 hours] The course includes laboratory activities [36 hours]

a) It is fundamental to know the basics of classical electromagnetism acquired in the first two years of bachelor's degree. b) It is important to have basic knowledge of circuits with passive components (R, C, L) provided by the “circuits” course in the second year of the bachelor's degree c) It is useful to have good knowledge on the use of oscilloscopes and multimeters and of the treatment of experimental uncertainties.

Andrea Nigro: "Segnali e Sistemi: Elettronica per studenti di Fisica", Amazon

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

Lab work.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in all three evaluation tests. It is necessary to demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of both analog and digital basic circuits, to be able to design and assemble simple analog and digital circuits, and to have basics knowledge of oscilloscope and multimeter usage. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of the topics covered in both analogue and digital electronics, that he is able to design circuits involving the combination of the two types, and that he knows how to use the circuits to solve automation or control problems. He must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of laboratory instrumentation. The determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements: 1. Written reports of laboratory experiences 50% The laboratory experiences are performed in small groups and have the aim of constructing and performing simple measurements on some of the circuits discussed in the course. The written reports, are short document, where the experimental results obtained summarised and compared with expectations from the models developed during lessons. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; 2. Written exam or oral exam 25% The oral exam consists of an interview on the topics illustrated in the course. To pass the exam the students should be able to present a topic or analyze a circuit among those proposed during the course and to apply the methods learned in situations similar to those already discussed. The evaluation will take into account: - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; - Ability to elaborate the concepts learned in the development of original projects. 3. Individual laboratory experience 25% The individual laboratory experience consists in the assembly of a circuit and some simple measures. The student will present a short written report at the end of the experience. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation;

- P.Horowitz - W.Hill: The Art of Electronics - Cambridge University Press - Microelectronics (Second Edition) - Arvin Grabel,Jacob Millman Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2001

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

1. Analog signal analysis: Fourier series and Fourier transform, Laplace transform, passive filters, Bode plot, Thevenin and Norton theorems. 2. Semiconductors: diode, BJT transistor, transistor polarisation and characterisation, common emitter amplifier, hybrid model; frequency behavior, Miller theorem, 2-stage amplifier 3. Operational amplifier (OP-AMP): inverting and non-inverting amplifier, integrator and differentiator, differential amplifier, active filters, noise. 4. Digital electronics: Boole algebra, logic circuits, TTL, combinational circuit, flip-flop, DAC, ADC, counters. 5. The Arduino micro controller: ATMEL micro controller, Arduino DUE and PC programming. 6. Digital Fourier Transform (DFT), aliasing, noise power spectrum estimation.

Successfully passed the courses of "Elettromagnetismo" and di "Laboratorio di elettromagnetismo e circuiti”

- Prof A.Nigro: Segnali e Sistemi: Elettronica per studenti di Fisica - P.Horowitz - W.Hill: The Art of Electronics (Third Edition) - Cambridge University Press - Microelectronics (Second Edition) Arvin Grabel,Jacob Millman Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2001

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.

Only the presence during the laboratory experiences is mandatory.

To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in all three evaluation tests. It is necessary to demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of both analog and digital basic circuits, to be able to design and assemble simple analog and digital circuits, and to have basics knowledge of oscilloscope and multimeter usage. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of the topics covered in both analogue and digital electronics, that he is able to design circuits involving the combination of the two types, and that he knows how to use the circuits to solve automation or control problems. He must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of laboratory instrumentation. The determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements: 1. Written reports of laboratory experiences 50% The laboratory experiences are performed in small groups and have the aim of constructing and performing simple measurements on some of the circuits discussed in the course. The written reports, are short document, where the experimental results obtained summarised and compared with expectations from the models developed during lessons. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; 2. Written exam or oral exam 25% The oral exam consists of an interview on the topics illustrated in the course. To pass the exam the students should be able to present a topic or analyze a circuit among those proposed during the course and to apply the methods learned in situations similar to those already discussed. The evaluation will take into account: - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation; - Ability to elaborate the concepts learned in the development of original projects. 3. Individual laboratory experience 25% The individual laboratory experience consists in the assembly of a circuit and some simple measures. The student will present a short written report at the end of the experience. The evaluation will take into account: - Quality of the measurements obtained and of the quoted uncertainties - Correctness of the concepts exposed; - Clarity of presentation;

The course is constituted for about ⅔ of lectures supported by slides projections and exercises aimed at providing basic knowledge of analog and digital electronics. The 9 laboratory experiences provide some practical skills needed in electronics laboratories, such as the use of power supplies, signal generators, electronic components and measuring devices such as oscilloscope and multimeter.