Pharmacy

1. Introduction The measure in Physics. The International System of Measurement Units. Dimensional analysis and changes in units of measurement. Length. Time. Mass. Calculation of orders of magnitude and significant figures. 2 Mechanics 2.1 Kinematics - Definition of material point. One-dimensional motion. Reference systems. Shift. Average and instant availability. Hour law. Uniform rectilinear motion. Speed as a derivative. Average and instant acceleration. Uniformly accelerated motion. Integral of the motion. Calculation from areas, in some simple cases. Scalar and vector quantities. Versors. Breakdown of the vectors. Sum and products between carriers. Displacement, speed and acceleration in two and three dimensions. Composition of motions in two dimensions. Trajectory in two dimensions. Bullet motion. Range. Uniform circular motion. Relative motion. Change of reference systems. 2.2 Dynamics of the material point - Definition of force. First law of dynamics. Inertial reference systems. Definition of inertial mass. Second law of dynamics. Some particular forces: weight strength, vinegar reaction, tension, elastic force, Coulomb force. Static and dynamic friction forces. Centripetal force. Apparent forces. Examples of centrifugal force. Third law of dynamics. Newton's law of gravitation. Gravitational mass. 2.3 Work and Energy - Definition of work. Theorem of kinetic energy. Power. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Mechanical energy and its conservation. Gravitational, elastic, electrostatic potential energy. 2.4 Oscillator and periodic motions - Equation of the motion of a spring. Harmonic oscillator. Definition of period, frequency and pulsation. Linear speed and angular velocity. Uniform circular motion and harmonic motion. The simple pendulum. 2.5 Systems of material points Impulse of a force and quantity of motion. The center of mass. Laws of dynamics for a points system. External forces and internal forces. Conservation of the total amount of motion. Generalities on impact. Central elastic and inelastic collisions. 3 Fluids and Thermodynamics 3.1 Fluids and their dynamics States of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Extensive and intensive sizes. Definition of pressure and density. Forces in a fluid at rest. Stevino's law. Principle of communicating vessels. Measurement of pressure. Torricelli experience. Pascal's principle. Principle of Archimedes. Fluid dynamics. Ideal fluid. Flow lines. Continuity equation. Bernoulli's equation. Principle of Venturi. Real fluids (optional argument): viscosity, Poiseuille formula, conducted resistance, velocity profile. 3.2 Calorimetry and thermodynamics Heat and temperature. Zero principle of thermodynamics. Measurement of temperature and thermometric scales. Thermal capacity and specific heat. Latent heat. Heat transmission (outline). Temperature of equilibrium, according to the thermal capacities. Thermodynamic system. Status magnitudes. Thermodynamic transformations. Work. Joule experiment: mechanical equivalent of calorie. First principle of thermodynamics. Laws of gases. The Avogadro number. The perfect gas. Clapeyron plan. Isobar, isocore, isothermal, adiabatic transformations. of a perfect gas. Free expansion of a perfect gas. Specific heat and internal energy of a perfect gas. Thermal machines, refrigerators and heat pumps. Second principle of thermodynamics. Carnot cycle. Entropy. Clausius inequality. Entropy variation for irreversible processes. Variation of entropy in general. 4 Electromagnetism 4.1 Electrostatic Notes to the fundamental forces of nature. Electric charge. Coulomb's law. Hydrogen atom. Electric field. Overlap principle. Field strength lines. Field generated by a point charge. Electric dipole (optional equation demonstration) and its lines of force. Flow of a vector. Gauss's theorem. Density of volume, surface, linear charge. Applications of the Gauss theorem: infinite loading thread, infinite loading plane, uniformly charged sphere. Comparison between the gravitational field and the electrostatic field. Conductors. Coulomb's theorem. Electrostatic induction. Work done by the electric field. Electric potential. Equipotential surfaces. Potential of a point charge. Potential of many point-like charges. Electrical capacity of a conductor. Overview of capacitors. 4.2 Electrical current and circuits - The conduction in the metals. Electric current. Current density. Resistance and resistivity. Ohm's law. Energy and power in electrical circuits. Joule effect. 4.3 Magnetic field - The magnetic field. Magnetic force on a wire run by current. Lorentz force. Motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field. Electric current and magnetic field. Biot-Savart law. Field B generated by an infinite thread. Forces between conductors run by current. Definition of the Ampere. 4.4 Geometric optics. -Approximation of geometric optics. Index of refraction. Reflection. Refraction: Snell's law. Total reflection. The diopter. Thin lenses. Focal distance. 5 Probability and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics: basic definitions, experimental data distributions and their representation. Probability: definitions. Random variables and main distributions (uniform, binomial, normal, Gaussian). Expected value, variance. Conditional probability. Bayes' theorem. Statistical inference and hypothesis testing (outline).

Knowledge of basic mathematics tools, like geometry, algebra, trigonometry, vector manipulation, limits, derivatives, integrals of simple analytical functions.

The student can freely use the textbooks he deems most suitable to prepare for the exam. However, he/she can refer to the following texts, both for the preparation of the oral and written tests: - R. Serway, J. Jewett "Physics for Scientists and Engineers 9th Edition"; - Halliday, Resnik, Walker “Fundamental of Physics", Wiley; - J. R. Taylor, “An Introduction to error analysis”, second edition, ISBN-13:978-0935702750.

Class attendance is mandatory. Therefore attendance will be taken, in the manner described in class. In any case, attending the course is very fruitful and important for students, as lectures and exercises are aimed and helping the student to develop his/her own skills.

The final exam consists of two parts: the written and the oral exam. Written and oral contribute with the same weight to the final vote. The written exam generally consists of 3 exercises regarding fundamental parts of the program (Mechanics-Fluids/Thermodynamics-Electromagnetism/Statistics) to be solved in a maximum time of 2 hours. A minimum score of 15 over 30 is required to access the oral part of the exam. The dates of the exams can be found on the e-learning page of the course. The validity of the written exam is limited to the exam session in which it is carried out with the exceptions of the June and July exams. In the oral exam the candidate has to present an in-depth analysis on one of the course topics, previously agreed upon with the professor. A few questions on the full course programme will complete the exam. The student will be asked to apply the methods learned during the course to exercises or to examples and situations similar to those that were discussed in the course. The evaluation takes into account: - correctness and completeness of the concepts discussed by the student; - clarity and rigor of presentation; - analytical development of the theory; - problem-solving skills (method and results).