Pharmacy

General Microbiology. Introduces nature and diversity of microorganisms and their implications for all of biology. Covers comparative properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes, as well as their roles as disease agents, ecological agents, and model systems for understanding of fundamental biological processes at the molecular level. Microbiota and Microbiome. Story of microbiology. Immunology Non-specific antimicrobial defences. Innate immunity. Cytokines: structure and function. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing. Complement. Inflammation. Adaptive immunity. Immunogens and antigens. T dependent and T independent antigens. Humoral immunity. Antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity. Regulatory mechanisms involved in "extinguishing" the immune response. Notes on immune tolerance. The immune response in infections from viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, metazoans. Hypersensitivity reactions. Principles of Diagnosis. introduction, Manifestations of Infection, Microbial Causes of Infection, Specimen Selection, Collection and Processing, Microbiologic Examination, Microbial Identification, Serodiagnosis, Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Bacteriology The bacteria: Gross Morphology. Cellular organization. Surface Structures: Flagella, Pili, Fimbrie, Capsules. Important Chemical Components of Surface Structures: Cell Wall Peptidoglycans. Teichoic Acids, Lipoteichoic Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Wall-Less Forms. Cytoplasmic Structures Plasma Membrane: structure and functions, including transport, biosynthesis, and energy transduction. Organelles. Endospores. Bacterial Metabolism, Introduction, Heterotrophic Metabolism, Respiration, Fermentation, Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anaerobic Respiration. Microbial growth. Growth of cycle. Measurement: Total cell count, viable count. Rating mass, direct and indirect. Continuous culture. Effect of environment on growth: temperature, pH, osmosis, oxygen. Cultivation and culture media. Genetics: Genetic Information in Microbes, Genome Organization, Mutation and Selection, Exchange of Genetic Information, Recombination DNA and Gene Cloning, Regulation of Gene Expression Bacterial Pathogenesis: Host Susceptibility, Bacterial Infectivity, Host Resistance, Host-mediated Pathogenesis, Intracellular Growth, Virulence Factors: Adherence Factors, Invasion Factors, Capsules, Endotoxins, Exotoxins, Siderophores: Biofilm Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Introduction, Biochemical Basis of Antimicrobial Action, Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis, Antibiotics that Affect the Function of Cytoplasmic Membranes, Antibiotics that Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis, Antimicrobial Inhibitors of Ribosome Function, Drugs that Inhibit Other Biochemical Targets, Antibacterial Agents that Affect Mycobacteria, Bacterial Resistance, Combinations of Antimicrobial Agents, Toxicology of Antimicrobial Agents, Mechanism to Reduce Bacterial Resistance. Classification: Introduction, Definitions, Approaches to Taxonomy, Phenotypic Characteristics Useful in Classification, and Identification Human pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli e Salmonella), Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Helicobacter, Haemophilus, Bordetella, Mycobacterium, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Spirochete. Chlamydia. Virology Structure. Multiplication, Viral Genetics, Effects on Cells: Cytocidal Infections, Effects on Cell Physiology, Persistent Infections, Transforming Infections, Viral Pathogenesis, Tumor Viruses, Nonspecific Defences, Immune Defences. Chemotherapy of Viral Infections. Classification of Viruses. Human pathogenic Virus: Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Papillomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Rabdoviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Picornaviridae, Hepatitis Viruses. Mycology Introduction to Mycology, General Concepts of Mycology, Basic Biology of Fungi, Disease of Mechanisms of Fungi, Spectrum of Mycoses, Antifungal agents. Human pathogenic fungi: Candida spp, Cryptococcus spp, Malassezia furfur. Dermatophytes, Aspergillus spp. Protozoa Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development. Pathogenesis and Defences. Intestinal Protozoa: Amoebas, and Giardia. Trichomonas. Plasmodium, Toxoplasma. Medical parasitology Cestodes. Nematodes. Trematodes. Schistosomes. Sterilization and disinfection. Vaccine and serum. Veterinary Microbiology microbial diseases of domesticated animals.

The knowledge of chemistry and biology is required.

Compulsory attendance at lectures

The exam consists of an interview covering the entire syllabus to assess the understanding of the subject matter, as well as the ability to establish connections and engage in reasoning.

The lessons take place in the classroom, with questions at the end of the lesson to assess learning.

General Microbiology. Introduction nature and diversity of microorganisms and their implications for all of biology. Covers comparative properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes, as well as their roles as disease agents, ecological agents and model systems for understanding of fundamental biological processes at the molecular level. Story of microbiology Bacteriology I The bacteria: Morphology . Cellular organization. Surface Structures: Flagella, Pili , Fimbrie,.Capsules Important Chemical Components of Surface Structures: Cell Wall Peptidoglycans, Teichoic Acids, Lipoteichoic Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Wall-Less Forms.Cytoplasmic Structures Plasma Membrane: structure and functions, including transport, biosynthesis, and energy transduction. Organelles. Endospores. Bacterial Metabolism, Introduction, Heterotrophic Metabolism, Respiration, Fermentation, Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anerobic Respiration. Microbial growth. Growth of cycle. Measurement: Total cell count, viable count. Rating mass, direct and indirect. Continuous culture. Effect of environment on growth: temperature, pH, osmosis, oxygen. Cultivation and culture media. Genetics: Genetic Information in Microbes, Genome Organization, Mutation and Selection, Exchange of Genetic Information, Recombination DNA and Gene Cloning, Regulation of Gene Expression Bacterial Pathogenesis Host Susceptibility, Bacterial Infectivity, Host Resistance, Host-mediated Pathogenesis, Intracellular Growth, Virulence Factors: Adherence Factors, Invasion Factors,.Capsules,.Endotoxins, Exotoxins, Siderophores: Biofilm Antimicrobial Chemotherapy : Introduction, Biochemical Basis of Antimicrobial Action, Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis, Antibiotics that Affect the Function of Cytoplasmic Membranes, Antibiotics that Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis, Antimicrobial Inhibitors of Ribosome Function, Drugs that Inhibit Other Biochemical Targets, Antibacterial Agents that Affect Mycobacteria, Bacterial Resistance, Combinations of Antimicrobial Agents, Toxicology of Antimicrobial Agents Mechanism to Reduce Bacterial Resistance. Principles of Diagnosis: introduction, Manifestations of Infection, Microbial Causes of Infection, Specimen Selection, Collection and Processing, Microbiologic Examination, Microbial Identification Serodiagnosis Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Classification Introduction, Definitions, Approaches to Taxonomy, Phenotypic Characteristics Useful in Classification and Identification Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli e Salmonella), Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Helicobacter, Haemophilus, Bordetella, Mycobacterium, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Spirochete. Clamidie. Patogeni opportunisti Virology Introduction to Virology Structure. Multiplication, Viral Genetics, Effects on Cells: Cytocidal Infections, Effects on Cell Physiology, Persistent Infections, Transforming Infections, Viral Pathogenesis, Tumor Viruses, Nonspecific Defenses, Immune Defenses. Chemotherapy of Viral Infections Classification of Viruses Coronavirus, Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Papillomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae, Rabdoviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Picornaviridae, Hepatitis Viruses Mycology Introduction to Mycology, General Concepts of Mycology, Basic Biology of Fungi, Disease of Mechanisms of Fungi, Spectrum of Mycoses, Antifungal agents. Candida spp, Cryptococcus spp, Malassezia furfur. Dermatophytes, Aspergillus spp. Protozoa Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development. Pathogenesis and Defenses Intestinal Protozoa: Amebas, and Giardia. Trichomonas. Plasmodium, Toxoplasma. Veterinary Microbiology: microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) diseases of domesticated animals

Microbiologia Medica, PR Murray et al., ELSEVIER Principi di microbiologia medica, M. La Placa, Società Editrice Esculapio Principi di Microbiologia Medica, G. Antonelli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana Microbiologia medica , E. Jawetz, et al. Piccin

In the assessment of the examination, the determination of the final vote shall take into account the following elements: 1) basic knowledge of the subjects covered, 2. the use of appropriate language, 3) the ability to connect the topics logically and coherently. 4) thorough knowledge of all topics. The satisfaction of aspects 1 and 2 is a prerequisite for the achievement of 18/30. The satisfaction of all 4 elements will allow the achievement of a score equal to 30/30 and praise.

1) Candida auris: an Emerging Fungal Pathogen. Spivak ES, Hanson KE. J Clin Microbiol. 2018 Jan 24;56(2):e01588-17. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01588 2) Antibiotic resistance. Frieri M, Kumar K, Boutin A. J Infect Public Health. 2017 Jul-Aug;10(4):369-378. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.08.007

Lectures of frontal teaching using a video projector will be held. At the beginning of each lesson, the topics covered in the previous lesson will be discussed and highlighted. Additional teaching material will be made available to the student.