Pharmacy

After a brief introductory part (Introduction to Pharmacology, Research and development of new drugs, Clinical trials, Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology), the course will include the most important groups of drugs currently used, with reference to the evolution of pharmacotherapy along with the knowledge in the field of various pathologies. In particular, after a part dedicated to drugs acting on the nervous system (Drugs active on the Autonomic Nervous System and Drugs active on the Central Nervous System), the course will continue with drugs that affect renal and cardiovascular function, respiratory system, gastrointestinal function, inflammatory and immune processes, different aspects of metabolism. The course will end with chemotherapy drugs Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system • Agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors. • Anticholinesterase agents. • Agents acting on the neuromuscular junction and ganglia. • Catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and antagonists of adrenergic receptors. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System • General and local anesthetics. • Hypnotics and sedatives. • Drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: depression, anxiety, psychosis, mania. • Drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. • Drugs used in the treatment of migraine. • Drugs used in the treatment of degenerative disorders of the CNS (movement disorders and dementias) . • Centrally acting analgesics. • Drugs used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. • Drug addiction and drug abuse. Drugs affecting renal and cardiovascular function • Diuretics. • Drugs used for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. • Antihypertensives. • Drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. • Antiarrhythmic drugs. Drugs acting on the respiratory system • Drugs used in the treatment of asthma. • Drugs used in the treatment of cough (sedative , expectorant and emollient). Drugs that affect gastrointestinal function • Agents used for control of gastric acidity and treatment of peptic ulcer. • prokinetic agents, antiemetics, antidiarrheals, laxatives. Anti-inflammatory agents • analgesic Agents – antipyretics. • Drugs used in chronic inflammatory. • Aminosalicylates. • Immunomodulatory drugs immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. • Drugs used in the treatment of gout. • Drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. • Anti-obesity medications. • Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents , pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. • Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. • Estrogens, progestins modulators and their receptors. • Androgens and anti- androgens. • Adrenocorticotropic hormone , corticosteroids (and their synthetic analogues), antagonists and inhibitors of their synthesis. • Agents affecting calcification and bone turnover: calcium, phosphate , parathyroid hormone, vitamin D , calcitonin, bisphosphonates and other compounds. • Drugs used in erectile dysfunction. • Drugs affecting uterine motility. • Hematopoietic agents : growth factors, minerals and vitamins. • anticoagulants , thrombolytics , antiplatelet agents.

To understand the contents of the didactic activities, the student is recommended to possess knowledge of GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS I, physiology and pathology, human anatomy and biochemistry.

• Farmacologia Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche ROSSI F.; CUOMO V.; RICCARDI C. Editore: Minerva Medica Quinta edizione 2023 • Rang & Dale Farmacologia Decima Edizione 2025 • AA.VV. Manuale di farmacoterapia Editore: Idelson-Gnocchi 2019

Course attendance is mandatory and will be monitored. Attendance is necessary as it allows to obtain updated information, not necessarily reported in the textbooks, and helps to achieve a valid method of approach to the study of the various topics.

The actual achievement of the expected learning outcomes by the student, in accordance with the aims of the course, is evaluated through an oral exam. Then following aspects will be evaluated and will contribute to the final score of the exam: the specific preparation of the student on the different course topics, the reasoning and judgment skills, and the ability to communicate with an appropriate technical language. The duration of the oral exam may vary depending on the student's skills. An average duration of about 25 minutes is conceivable. The exam will take place at the end of the course, on a monthly basis (except for the month of August), according to pre-established dates that are published on the Infostud and e-learning platforms. To pass the exam a student must achieve a minimum score of 18/30, which corresponds to a sufficient preparation on the topics of the course (mainly on those presented during the lectures, and at least partly on those not presented in class), proving sufficient communication skills through the use of a technical language. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of all the topics of the course (including those not covered during the lectures), being able to link them in a logical and consistent way and showing excellent communication skills with technical terminology.

• Katzung, Trevor “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, latest Edition • Goodman & Gilman “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, latest edition

After a brief introductory part (Introduction to Pharmacology, Research and development of new drugs, Clinical trials, Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology), the course will include the most important groups of drugs currently used, with reference to the evolution of pharmacotherapy along with the knowledge in the field of various pathologies. In particular, after a part dedicated to drugs acting on the nervous system (Drugs active on the Autonomic Nervous System and Drugs active on the Central Nervous System), the course will continue with drugs that affect renal and cardiovascular function, respiratory system, gastrointestinal function, inflammatory and immune processes, different aspects of metabolism. The course will end with chemotherapy drugs Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system • Agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors. • Anticholinesterase agents. • Agents acting on the neuromuscular junction and ganglia. • Catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and antagonists of adrenergic receptors. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System • General and local anesthetics. • Hypnotics and sedatives. • Drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: depression, anxiety, psychosis, mania. • Drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. • Drugs used in the treatment of migraine. • Drugs used in the treatment of degenerative disorders of the CNS (movement disorders and dementias) . • Centrally acting analgesics. • Drugs used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. • Drug addiction and drug abuse. Drugs affecting renal and cardiovascular function • Diuretics. • Drugs used for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. • Antihypertensives. • Drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. • Antiarrhythmic drugs. Drugs acting on the respiratory system • Drugs used in the treatment of asthma. • Drugs used in the treatment of cough (sedative , expectorant and emollient). Drugs that affect gastrointestinal function • Agents used for control of gastric acidity and treatment of peptic ulcer. • prokinetic agents, antiemetics, antidiarrheals, laxatives. Anti-inflammatory agents • analgesic Agents – antipyretics. • Drugs used in chronic inflammatory. • Aminosalicylates. • Immunomodulatory drugs immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. • Drugs used in the treatment of gout. • Drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. • Anti-obesity medications. • Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents , pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. • Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. • Estrogens, progestins modulators and their receptors. • Androgens and anti- androgens. • Adrenocorticotropic hormone , corticosteroids (and their synthetic analogues), antagonists and inhibitors of their synthesis. • Agents affecting calcification and bone turnover: calcium, phosphate , parathyroid hormone, vitamin D , calcitonin, bisphosphonates and other compounds. • Drugs used in erectile dysfunction. • Drugs affecting uterine motility. • Hematopoietic agents : growth factors, minerals and vitamins. • anticoagulants , thrombolytics , antiplatelet agents.

To understand the contents of the didactic activities, the student is recommended to possess knowledge of GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS I, physiology and pathology, human anatomy and biochemistry.

•• Farmacologia Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche ROSSI F.; CUOMO V.; RICCARDI C. Editore: Minerva Medica Quinta edizione 2023 • Rang & Dale Farmacologia Decima Edizione 2025 • AA.VV. Manuale di farmacoterapia Editore: Idelson-Gnocchi 2019

Course attendance is mandatory and will be monitored. Attendance is necessary as it allows to obtain updated information, not necessarily reported in the textbooks, and helps to achieve a valid method of approach to the study of the various topics.

The actual achievement of the expected learning outcomes by the student, in accordance with the aims of the course, is evaluated through an oral exam. Then following aspects will be evaluated and will contribute to the final score of the exam: the specific preparation of the student on the different course topics, the reasoning and judgment skills, and the ability to communicate with an appropriate technical language. The duration of the oral exam may vary depending on the student's skills. An average duration of about 25 minutes is conceivable. The exam will take place at the end of the course, on a monthly basis (except for the month of August), according to pre-established dates that are published on the Infostud and e-learning platforms. To pass the exam a student must achieve a minimum score of 18/30, which corresponds to a sufficient preparation on the topics of the course (mainly on those presented during the lectures, and at least partly on those not presented in class), proving sufficient communication skills through the use of a technical language. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of all the topics of the course (including those not covered during the lectures), being able to link them in a logical and consistent way and showing excellent communication skills with technical terminology.

After a brief introductory part (Introduction to Pharmacology, Research and development of new drugs, Clinical trials, Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology), the course will include the most important groups of drugs currently used, with reference to the evolution of pharmacotherapy along with the knowledge in the field of various pathologies. In particular, after a part dedicated to drugs acting on the nervous system (Drugs active on the Autonomic Nervous System and Drugs active on the Central Nervous System), the course will continue with drugs that affect renal and cardiovascular function, respiratory system, gastrointestinal function, inflammatory and immune processes, different aspects of metabolism. The course will end with chemotherapy drugs Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system • Agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors. • Anticholinesterase agents. • Agents acting on the neuromuscular junction and ganglia. • Catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and antagonists of adrenergic receptors. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System • General and local anesthetics. • Hypnotics and sedatives. • Drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: depression, anxiety, psychosis, mania. • Drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. • Drugs used in the treatment of migraine. • Drugs used in the treatment of degenerative disorders of the CNS (movement disorders and dementias) . • Centrally acting analgesics. • Drugs used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. • Drug addiction and drug abuse. Drugs affecting renal and cardiovascular function • Diuretics. • Drugs used for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. • Antihypertensives. • Drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. • Antiarrhythmic drugs. Drugs acting on the respiratory system • Drugs used in the treatment of asthma. • Drugs used in the treatment of cough (sedative , expectorant and emollient). Drugs that affect gastrointestinal function • Agents used for control of gastric acidity and treatment of peptic ulcer. • prokinetic agents, antiemetics, antidiarrheals, laxatives. Anti-inflammatory agents • analgesic Agents – antipyretics. • Drugs used in chronic inflammatory. • Aminosalicylates. • Immunomodulatory drugs immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. • Drugs used in the treatment of gout. • Drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. • Anti-obesity medications. • Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents , pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. • Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. • Estrogens, progestins modulators and their receptors. • Androgens and anti- androgens. • Adrenocorticotropic hormone , corticosteroids (and their synthetic analogues), antagonists and inhibitors of their synthesis. • Agents affecting calcification and bone turnover: calcium, phosphate , parathyroid hormone, vitamin D , calcitonin, bisphosphonates and other compounds. • Drugs used in erectile dysfunction. • Drugs affecting uterine motility. • Hematopoietic agents : growth factors, minerals and vitamins. • anticoagulants , thrombolytics , antiplatelet agents.

To understand the contents of the didactic activities, the student is recommended to possess knowledge of GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS I, physiology and pathology, human anatomy and biochemistry.

• Farmacologia Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche ROSSI F.; CUOMO V.; RICCARDI C. Editore: Minerva Medica Quinta edizione 2023 • Rang & Dale Farmacologia Decima Edizione 2025 • AA.VV. Manuale di farmacoterapia Editore: Idelson-Gnocchi 2019

Course attendance is mandatory and will be monitored. Attendance is necessary as it allows to obtain updated information, not necessarily reported in the textbooks, and helps to achieve a valid method of approach to the study of the various topics.

The actual achievement of the expected learning outcomes by the student, in accordance with the aims of the course, is evaluated through an oral exam. Then following aspects will be evaluated and will contribute to the final score of the exam: the specific preparation of the student on the different course topics, the reasoning and judgment skills, and the ability to communicate with an appropriate technical language. The duration of the oral exam may vary depending on the student's skills. An average duration of about 25 minutes is conceivable. The exam will take place at the end of the course, on a monthly basis (except for the month of August), according to pre-established dates that are published on the Infostud and e-learning platforms. To pass the exam a student must achieve a minimum score of 18/30, which corresponds to a sufficient preparation on the topics of the course (mainly on those presented during the lectures, and at least partly on those not presented in class), proving sufficient communication skills through the use of a technical language. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate an excellent knowledge of all the topics of the course (including those not covered during the lectures), being able to link them in a logical and consistent way and showing excellent communication skills with technical terminology.

• Katzung, Trevor “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, latest Edition • Goodman & Gilman “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, latest edition